Author: Ameeba

  • CVE-2025-8901: High Severity Out of Bounds Write Vulnerability in ANGLE, Google Chrome

    Overview

    CVE-2025-8901 is a critical vulnerability that affects ANGLE, a core component of Google Chrome. This flaw, which allows a remote attacker to perform out of bounds memory access via a specially crafted HTML page, impacts versions of Chrome prior to 139.0.7258.127. It is considered a high-risk vulnerability due to its potential for system compromise or data leakage, and its ability to be exploited remotely, which affects a large number of users around the globe.
    The vulnerability’s severity arises from its potential for exploitation by an attacker, who could leverage it to gain unauthorized access to sensitive data or even take control of an affected system. Given the widespread use of Google Chrome, this vulnerability could have far-reaching implications for individual users, corporations, and even governments.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-8901
    Severity: High (8.8 CVSS Score)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: Required
    Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    Google Chrome | Prior to 139.0.7258.127

    How the Exploit Works

    This vulnerability exploits an out of bounds write issue in ANGLE, a key component of Google Chrome. An attacker can craft a malicious HTML page to trigger an out of bounds memory access. By doing this, they can potentially manipulate the data stored in memory to execute arbitrary code or access sensitive information stored within the affected system. The exploitation of this vulnerability requires user interaction, meaning an attacker would need to trick a user into visiting the malicious HTML page to initiate the exploit.

    Conceptual Example Code

    The following is a
    conceptual
    example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This example is based on a hypothetical malicious HTML payload designed to trigger the vulnerability.

    <html>
    <head>
    <title>Malicious Page</title>
    <script src="exploit.js"></script>
    </head>
    <body>
    <canvas id="targetCanvas"></canvas>
    </body>
    </html>

    The `exploit.js` file would contain JavaScript code that manipulates the `targetCanvas` in a way that triggers the out of bounds write in ANGLE. Note that this is a simplified example, and a real-world exploit could involve complex techniques to bypass security mitigations.
    It’s recommended to apply the vendor-provided patch as soon as possible to mitigate the risk. Alternatively, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation until the patch can be applied.

  • CVE-2025-43983: Multiple Unauthenticated Access Control Vulnerabilities in KuWFi CPF908-CP5 Devices

    Overview

    The cybersecurity world is rife with threats, and one such vulnerability that has recently rocked the scene is CVE-2025-43983. This vulnerability is present in KuWFi CPF908-CP5 WEB5.0_LCD_20210125 devices, making them susceptible to unauthenticated access. This vulnerability is not only a threat to the security of these devices, but it also poses a significant risk to the data and information stored within. The devices become an easy target for attackers who can retrieve sensitive information, modify device settings and send arbitrary SMS messages without any authentication. This vulnerability is of particular concern to organizations that rely heavily on these devices, as it can lead to severe data leakage and potential system compromise.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-43983
    Severity: Critical (9.1 CVSS Score)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Unauthorized access to sensitive information, ability to modify critical device settings, and send arbitrary SMS messages

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    KuWFi CPF908-CP5 WEB5.0_LCD_20210125 | All versions

    How the Exploit Works

    The vulnerability exploits lack of proper authentication in the goform/goform_set_cmd_process and goform/goform_get_cmd_process within the KuWFi CPF908-CP5 devices. This allows an attacker to bypass the authentication process and gain unauthorized access to the device’s control and settings. Once access is gained, the attacker can retrieve sensitive information, including the device admin username and password. Furthermore, they can modify critical device settings and even send arbitrary SMS messages, all without any user interaction.

    Conceptual Example Code

    The following is a conceptual example that illustrates how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. This example uses a simple HTTP GET request to the vulnerable endpoint.

    GET /goform/goform_get_cmd_process HTTP/1.1
    Host: vulnerable-device.com

    The server would then respond with sensitive information (including the device admin username and password) in clear text, giving the attacker full access to the device and its settings.

    Countermeasures and Mitigation

    The most effective mitigation strategy is to apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available. Until then, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These systems can be configured to detect and block rogue requests to the vulnerable endpoints, thus limiting the potential damage an attacker can inflict.
    In conclusion, CVE-2025-43983 is a highly critical vulnerability that can lead to serious security breaches if not properly addressed. It is crucial for organizations using these devices to implement the recommended mitigation strategies and to stay vigilant about future updates from the vendor.

  • CVE-2025-50518: Critical Use-After-Free Vulnerability in libcoap Library

    Overview

    The cybersecurity landscape is witnessing a new vulnerability that poses a significant threat to the data integrity and system security of numerous devices and applications. The vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-50518, affects the libcoap library, widely used in embedded systems and IoT devices for the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP). This vulnerability can lead to severe outcomes, including potential system compromise and data leakage. Given the ubiquitous use of libcoap in a range of devices, the implications of this vulnerability are far-reaching and demand immediate attention.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-50518
    Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Score)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Potential system compromise, data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    libcoap | All versions prior to patch

    How the Exploit Works

    The exploit leverages a use-after-free vulnerability in the coap_delete_pdu_lkd function within the coap_pdu.c file of the libcoap library. This vulnerability arises due to the improper handling of memory after the freeing of a Protocol Data Unit (PDU) object.
    An attacker can manipulate this vulnerability by creating a malicious payload that causes the system to access the free memory space associated with the PDU object. This action can lead to memory corruption or even the execution of arbitrary code, paving the way for a potential system compromise or data leakage.

    Conceptual Example Code

    The following is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. It’s important to note that this is a conceptual example and not actual exploit code.

    #include <coap.h>
    ...
    coap_pdu_t *pdu;
    pdu = coap_new_pdu(session);
    ...
    // Malicious function that exploits the use-after-free vulnerability
    void exploit(coap_pdu_t *pdu) {
    coap_delete_pdu(session, pdu); // Free the pdu
    // Perform an operation on the freed pdu, causing use-after-free
    unsigned char *data = pdu->data;
    }
    ...
    exploit(pdu);

    Mitigation Guidance

    Users are strongly advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as possible for the most effective mitigation. In the interim, employing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation strategy. These tools can help detect and prevent attempts to exploit the vulnerability. However, these are not foolproof solutions and do not substitute the need for applying the vendor patch.

  • CVE-2025-27845: Critical Vulnerability Exposes JWT Secret Resulting in Elevated Permissions

    Overview

    CVE-2025-27845 is a critical security vulnerability that affects ESPEC North America Web Controller 3 versions before 3.3.4. The vulnerability stems from an invalid authentication request to the /api/v4/auth/ endpoint, which leads to the exposure of a JSON Web Token (JWT) secret. This flaw can grant malicious actors elevated permissions to the user interface of the affected system. Given the ubiquity of the ESPEC North America Web Controller in numerous industries, this vulnerability has the potential to affect a broad range of systems, potentially leading to significant data leakage or even full system compromise.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-27845
    Severity: Critical, CVSS score of 9.8
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Exposure of sensitive information, potential system compromise

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    ESPEC North America Web Controller | Versions before 3.3.4

    How the Exploit Works

    The exploit hinges on the improper handling of invalid authentication requests in the /api/v4/auth/ endpoint of the ESPEC North America Web Controller. A malformed or invalid request, instead of being rejected or ignored, triggers the exposure of a JWT secret. This secret can then be used by an attacker to gain elevated permissions to the user interface, potentially leading to unauthorized access to sensitive data or control over the system itself.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using a malicious HTTP request:

    POST /api/v4/auth/ HTTP/1.1
    Host: target.example.com
    Content-Type: application/json
    { "username": "invalid", "password": "invalid" }

    In this example, the attacker sends an invalid authentication request to the /api/v4/auth/ endpoint. The application responds by unintentionally exposing the JWT secret, which can then be used to gain elevated permissions.

    Mitigation

    The most effective way to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch, which corrects the improper handling of invalid authentication requests. If a patch cannot be immediately applied, temporary mitigation can be achieved through the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) configured to detect and block invalid authentication attempts to the /api/v4/auth/ endpoint.

  • CVE-2025-43984: Unauthenticated Command Execution Vulnerability in KuWFi GC111 Devices

    Overview

    A critical vulnerability has been discovered in KuWFi GC111 devices, specifically in Hardware Version: CPE-LM321_V3.2 and Software Version: GC111-GL-LM321_V3.0_20191211. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands with root privileges, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. Considering the severity of the issue, and the potential impact on users of these devices, it is crucial to take immediate steps to mitigate the risk.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-43984
    Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS v3.0 Severity)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Allows unauthorized disclosure of information; Allows unauthorized modification; Allows disruption of service

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    KuWFi | GC111-GL-LM321_V3.0_20191211

    How the Exploit Works

    The vulnerability lies in the handling of /goform/goform_set_cmd_process requests by the KuWFi GC111 devices. These devices do not properly authenticate such requests. As a result, a remote attacker can send a specially crafted POST request using the SSID parameter to execute arbitrary OS commands with root privileges. This can lead to a complete system compromise or leakage of sensitive information.

    Conceptual Example Code

    A conceptual example of the exploit could look something like this:

    POST /goform/goform_set_cmd_process HTTP/1.1
    Host: target_device_ip
    Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
    ssid=;reboot;

    In the above example, the attacker sends a POST request that includes a command (`reboot`) injected into the ssid parameter. This command would cause the target device to restart, demonstrating that the attacker can execute arbitrary commands.

    Mitigation and Prevention

    Users of the vulnerable versions of KuWFi GC111 devices should apply the patch provided by the vendor as soon as possible. In case the patch cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These systems can be configured to block or alert on requests to /goform/goform_set_cmd_process, helping to prevent exploitation of the vulnerability.

  • CVE-2025-20265: Cisco Secure Firewall Management Center RADIUS Authentication Vulnerability

    Overview

    In the rapidly evolving world of cybersecurity, a new vulnerability, CVE-2025-2025, has been identified, posing a significant risk to users of Cisco Secure Firewall Management Center (FMC) Software. This vulnerability exists within the Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) subsystem of the software and could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary shell commands at a high privilege level. It is of particular concern for organizations that have configured their Cisco Secure FMC Software for RADIUS authentication for the web-based management interface, SSH management, or both.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-20265
    Severity: Critical (CVSS 10.0)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    Cisco Secure Firewall Management Center (FMC) Software | All versions prior to the vendor patch

    How the Exploit Works

    The vulnerability in question arises due to a lack of adequate handling of user input during the authentication phase. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending carefully crafted input when entering credentials that are authenticated at the configured RADIUS server. A successful exploit would allow the attacker to run commands at a high privilege level, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Here is a generalized example of how an attacker might exploit the vulnerability. This is a conceptual representation and is not intended to work in a real-world scenario.

    POST /radius/auth HTTP/1.1
    Host: target.example.com
    Content-Type: application/json
    {
    "username": "admin",
    "password": "password123; rm -rf /"
    }

    In the above example, the attacker attempts to authenticate with a username and a maliciously crafted password. The password includes a shell command (`rm -rf /`) following a semi-colon symbol. If the system does not properly sanitize the input, it may treat the command as part of the system commands and execute it, leading to potential system compromise.

    Mitigation Measures

    Given the critical severity of this vulnerability, it is recommended that affected systems apply the vendor patch as soon as possible. In the interim, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) could be utilized as a temporary mitigation measure. These systems can be configured to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability.
    Remember, the best defense against cybersecurity threats is a proactive approach to security, which includes regular system updates and patches, as well as continuous monitoring for unusual activities. Stay safe!

  • CVE-2025-54693: Critical Web Shell Upload Vulnerability in epiphyt Form Block

    Overview

    CVE-2025-54693 is a highly critical severity vulnerability that affects the epiphyt Form Block up to version 1.5.5. It is an Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability that could potentially allow an attacker to upload a Web Shell to a Web Server. This vulnerability is of great concern as it carries the risk of system compromise and potential data leakage. Web administrators and webmasters using epiphyt Form Block must be aware of this threat and take immediate action to reduce the risk associated with this vulnerability.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-54693
    Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.0)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Potential system compromise, data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    epiphyt Form Block | up to 1.5.5

    How the Exploit Works

    The vulnerability arises due to improper validation of file uploads in the epiphyt Form Block. As a result, an attacker can upload a Web Shell, which is a script that can be uploaded to a web server to enable remote access to the server. Once the malicious file is uploaded and executed, it can compromise the entire system, thereby potentially allowing unauthorized access to sensitive data, system resources, and network traffic.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. In this case, the attacker sends a POST request to the vulnerable endpoint with a malicious payload (web shell):

    POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
    Host: target.example.com
    Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
    ------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
    Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="webshell.php"
    Content-Type: application/x-php
    <?php echo shell_exec($_GET['cmd']); ?>
    ------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW--

    The above HTTP request uploads a PHP web shell that can execute arbitrary OS commands based on the input provided in the ‘cmd’ GET parameter. This allows the attacker to control the system remotely.

    Mitigation

    The best way to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the vendor’s patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, users can implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to help prevent exploitation of this vulnerability. It is also recommended to disable file uploads or limit them to certain trusted types and users, as well as regularly updating and patching all systems and software.

  • CVE-2025-54686: Exertio Deserialization of Untrusted Data Vulnerability

    Overview

    The cybersecurity landscape is constantly evolving, and new vulnerabilities are discovered on a regular basis. One of the most recent and significant is CVE-2025-54686, a critical vulnerability in the Exertio software that involves the deserialization of untrusted data. This issue affects all versions of Exertio up to and including version 1.3.2.
    The deserialization of untrusted data is a common vulnerability that can lead to severe consequences, such as system compromise or data leakage. It is, therefore, essential for all organizations using Exertio to be aware of this vulnerability and take immediate action to mitigate its potential impact.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-54686
    Severity: Critical (CVSS Score: 9.8)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    Exertio | Up to and including 1.3.2

    How the Exploit Works

    The vulnerability resides in the deserialization function of Exertio. Deserialization is the process of converting a stream of bytes back into a copy of the original object. In this case, the software does not validate or incorrectly validates input that can alter the control flow or data flow of a program. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by supplying a serialized object that, when deserialized, leads to the execution of arbitrary code, thereby compromising the system.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Consider the following
    conceptual
    example, which demonstrates how an attacker could potentially exploit this vulnerability using a malicious payload in a POST request:

    POST /exertio/deserialize HTTP/1.1
    Host: target.example.com
    Content-Type: application/json
    { "serialized_object": "c2VyaWFsaXplZCBvYmplY3Qgd2l0aCBtYWxpY2lvdXMgcGF5bG9hZA==" }

    In this example, the serialized_object carries a base64 encoded string representing a serialized object with a malicious payload.

    Mitigation and Recommendations

    Given the severity of this vulnerability, it is recommended that users of Exertio apply the vendor’s patch as soon as possible. For those unable to immediately apply the patch, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as temporary mitigation.
    Additionally, to prevent similar vulnerabilities, it is advisable to avoid deserializing data from untrusted sources and to implement proper input validation checks to ensure the integrity of the data.

  • CVE-2025-8882: Heap Corruption Exploit in Google Chrome’s Aura

    Overview

    The vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-8882, is a medium-severity issue that affects Google Chrome, specifically the browser’s Aura component. It triggers a use-after-free condition which, if successfully exploited, could lead to heap corruption and potential system compromise. This vulnerability is of significant importance due to the widespread use of Google Chrome, making countless systems and users potentially vulnerable to attackers.
    The exploit works by convincing a user to perform certain UI gestures on a maliciously crafted HTML page. As a consequence, the attacker could potentially gain unauthorized access, compromise the system, or cause data leakage.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-8882
    Severity: Medium (8.8 CVSS Score)
    Attack Vector: Remote
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: Required
    Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    Google Chrome | Versions prior to 139.0.7258.127

    How the Exploit Works

    The exploit leverages a use-after-free vulnerability in the Aura component of Google Chrome. The attacker first crafts a malicious HTML page. Then, they persuade the user to perform specific UI gestures on this page. These gestures trigger the use-after-free condition, leading to heap corruption. If successful, the attacker could potentially exploit this corruption to execute arbitrary code, thus compromising the system or causing data leakage.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Here’s a conceptual example of how an attacker might set up a malicious HTML page to exploit the vulnerability:

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
    <body>
    <script>
    // This script triggers the use-after-free condition
    function triggerVulnerability() {
    // ...malicious code...
    }
    </script>
    <button onclick="triggerVulnerability()">
    Click me to win a prize!
    </button>
    </body>
    </html>

    In the above example, the “Click me to win a prize!” button is used to trick the user into performing the specific UI gesture that triggers the vulnerability. Once clicked, the malicious script runs, exploiting the use-after-free condition in the Aura component and potentially leading to heap corruption.

  • CVE-2025-54678: SQL Injection Vulnerability in Easy Form Builder

    Overview

    The cybersecurity world is currently facing yet another vulnerability, CVE-2025-54678, which affects a wide range of web applications using hassantafreshi’s Easy Form Builder. This vulnerability is an SQL Injection attack, which is a code injection technique that attackers use to exploit security vulnerabilities in a website’s software. The risk is high, as it allows attackers to interfere with the queries an application makes to its database, directly affecting the integrity and confidentiality of data.
    The severity of this vulnerability, based on the CVSS (Common Vulnerability Scoring System) Severity Score, is critical and therefore poses a substantial threat. It is essential for organizations to understand this threat and take immediate actions to mitigate the vulnerability.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-54678
    Severity: Critical (9.3 CVSS Severity Score)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    Easy Form Builder | n/a through 3.8.15

    How the Exploit Works

    The vulnerability works by not properly neutralizing special elements that are used in an SQL command. This allows an attacker to insert malicious SQL code into user input fields, which is then executed by the database. This type of attack, known as Blind SQL Injection, can lead to unauthorized viewing of user lists, deletion of entire tables, and even compromising the entire system.

    Conceptual Example Code

    The following example demonstrates a simplified scenario of exploiting the vulnerability. It assumes that an attacker is attempting to exploit a vulnerable form input field on a website using the Easy Form Builder:

    POST /vulnerable_form HTTP/1.1
    Host: target.example.com
    Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
    username=' OR '1'='1'; -- & password=Anything

    In this example, the attacker manipulates the SQL query by injecting `’ OR ‘1’=’1′; –` into the username field. This always evaluates to true, enabling the attacker to bypass input validation and potentially gain unauthorized access to sensitive data.

    Mitigation Guidance

    To mitigate this vulnerability, the most effective solution is to apply the vendor-provided patch. Applying this patch will ensure that the software is no longer susceptible to this form of SQL Injection. If the patch is not yet available or cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary protection by detecting and blocking SQL injection attempts.

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