Author: Ameeba

CVE-2025-57392: Privilege Escalation Vulnerability in BenimPOS Masaustu 3.0.x
Overview

This report details an identified vulnerability, CVE-2025-57392, within the BenimPOS Masaustu 3.0.x application. This security loophole is due to insecure file permissions that allow local users to modify .exe and .dll files, potentially leading to privilege escalation or arbitrary code execution. Any system or user that utilizes this application is at risk, and immediate action is required to mitigate potential data leakage or system compromise.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-57392
Severity: High – CVSS Score 7.8
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Privilege escalation, potential system compromise, or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

BenimPOS Masaustu | 3.0.x

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of the insecure file permissions granted to the Everyone and BUILTIN\Users groups in the BenimPOS Masaustu installation directory. These permissions enable local users to replace or modify .exe and .dll files. As the application is launched by another user or an elevated context, arbitrary code may be executed, leading to privilege escalation or even full system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Given the nature of this vulnerability, a conceptual example would involve the replacement of an .exe or .dll file. An attacker could use a simple command-line copy command to replace a legitimate .exe or .dll file with a malicious one:
```
COPY /Y C:\path\to\malicious\file.dll C:\Program Files\BenimPOS Masaustu\file.dll
```
This example assumes a malicious .dll file has already been crafted and placed into the path specified.
Please note that this is a simplified and conceptual example and actual exploit may be more complex.
November 7, 2025
CVE-2025-50892: Privilege Escalation Vulnerability in EaseUs Todo Backup Driver
Overview

This report outlines a critical privilege escalation vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-50892. It affects the eudskacs.sys driver version 20250328 shipped with EaseUs Todo Backup 1.2.0.1. The vulnerability can allow a local, low-privileged attacker to perform arbitrary raw disk reads and writes, potentially leading to data leakage or system compromise.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-50892
Severity: High, CVSS 7.8
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: The vulnerability can lead to unauthorized information disclosure, denial of service, or local privilege escalation.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

EaseUs Todo Backup | 1.2.0.1

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from the eudskacs.sys driver’s failure to properly validate privileges for I/O requests (IRP_MJ_READ/IRP_MJ_WRITE) sent to its device object. An attacker with low-level privileges can send these requests to read or write data arbitrarily on the disk. This could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive data, disruption of system services, or an escalation of the attacker’s privileges on the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Given the nature of this vulnerability, a conceptual exploit would involve a malicious low privileged application making a system call to the vulnerable driver, as demonstrated below:
```
#include <windows.h>
int main() {
HANDLE hDevice = CreateFile("\\\\.\\EUDSKACS", GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, 0, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, 0, NULL);
if (hDevice == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
printf("Failed to open device: %d\n", GetLastError());
return 1;
}
DWORD bytesReturned;
if (!DeviceIoControl(hDevice, IOCTL_CODE, &inputBuffer, sizeof(inputBuffer), &outputBuffer, sizeof(outputBuffer), &bytesReturned, NULL)) {
printf("DeviceIoControl failed: %d\n", GetLastError());
return 1;
}
CloseHandle(hDevice);
return 0;
}
```
In this conceptual example, IOCTL_CODE would be a control code for an I/O operation that the eudskacs.sys driver does not properly validate. The inputBuffer and outputBuffer would contain arbitrary data to be written to or read from the disk.
November 7, 2025
CVE-2025-43885: OS Command Injection Vulnerability in Dell PowerProtect Data Manager
Overview

CVE-2025-43885 is a critical vulnerability that affects Dell PowerProtect Data Manager versions 19.19 and 19.20, specifically in Hyper-V environments. The vulnerability, referred to as an ‘OS Command Injection’, can be potentially exploited by a low privileged attacker with local access, leading to unauthorized command execution, which could lead to a system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-43885
Severity: High (7.8)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Unauthorized command execution leading potentially to system compromise or data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Dell PowerProtect Data Manager | 19.19
Dell PowerProtect Data Manager | 19.20

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability occurs due to improper neutralization of special elements that are used in an OS command within the Hyper-V component of Dell PowerProtect Data Manager. An attacker with low privilege and local access could potentially exploit this vulnerability by injecting malicious OS commands, which the system would then execute.

Conceptual Example Code

A hypothetical example of how the vulnerability might be exploited is shown below:
```
$ echo "; malicious_command" > /path/to/vulnerable/input/file
```
In this example, the malicious command is appended after a semicolon to the vulnerable input file, which is processed by the vulnerable application. The semicolon allows the attacker to execute additional commands following the intended command, leading to OS command injection.
November 7, 2025
CVE-2025-43725: Incorrect Default Permissions Vulnerability in Dell PowerProtect Data Manager
Overview

The vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-43725, affects Dell PowerProtect Data Manager’s Generic Application Agent. This flaw opens the door for attackers, even those with low-level privileges, to potentially exploit the system, leading to code execution. This report delves into the details of this vulnerability, its potential impacts, and mitigation strategies.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-43725
Severity: High (7.8 CVSS)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Dell PowerProtect Data Manager | 19.19, 19.20

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from incorrect default permissions in the affected versions of the software. An attacker with local access and low-level privileges can exploit this flaw to execute arbitrary code on the system. This could lead to unauthorized access, control over the system, or potential data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of a shell command an attacker might use to exploit this vulnerability:
```
$ echo "echo 'malicious_code' | sudo -u low_privileged_user /path/to/vulnerable/component"
```
In this example, the attacker is injecting ‘malicious_code’ into a component that has incorrect default permissions. This could lead to unauthorized actions being performed under the context of ‘low_privileged_user’.

Mitigation Guidance

The recommended mitigation strategy is to apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available. In the interim, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can help protect the system from potential exploits. Regular software updates and rigorous system monitoring can also help minimize the risk associated with this vulnerability.
November 6, 2025
CVE-2025-54260: Out-Of-Bounds Read Vulnerability in Substance3D – Modeler
Overview

CVE-2025-54260 is a critical vulnerability that exists in Substance3D – Modeler versions 1.22.2 and earlier. The vulnerability could lead to an out-of-bounds read when parsing a specially crafted file, potentially allowing an attacker to execute arbitrary code. This vulnerability is of high concern as it could potentially allow unauthorized access to systems and data, subject to the privileges of the user running the application.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-54260
Severity: High (7.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Could lead to system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Substance3D – Modeler | 1.22.2 and earlier

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of an out-of-bounds read vulnerability in Substance3D – Modeler. When the application parses a maliciously crafted file, it can result in a read past the end of an allocated memory structure. An attacker can craft a specific file that, when opened by the application, triggers the vulnerability and executes code within the context of the current user.

Conceptual Example Code

This is a conceptual example and does not reflect a specific code that could exploit this vulnerability. However, the exploit would likely involve a crafted file that triggers the out-of-bounds read.
```
# Pseudo code for crafted file
crafted_file = {
"header": "valid header",
"data": "valid data",
"malicious_code": "code that triggers out-of-bounds read"
}
```
The malicious_code part is crafted in such a way that it triggers the out-of-bounds read when the application tries to parse the file, leading to the execution of the malicious code.
November 6, 2025
CVE-2025-54259: Integer Overflow Vulnerability in Substance3D Modeler Leading to Arbitrary Code Execution
Overview

The CVE-2025-54259 vulnerability affects Substance3D Modeler versions 1.22.2 and earlier, exposing them to an integer overflow that could potentially lead to arbitrary code execution. This vulnerability is significant due to its potential to compromise systems or leak data, as it enables attackers to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current user. The exploit, however, requires user interaction such as the opening of a malicious file.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-54259
Severity: High, CVSS: 7.8
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Substance3D Modeler | 1.22.2 and earlier

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of an integer overflow or wraparound vulnerability in the Substance3D Modeler software. This vulnerability can result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. The attacker needs to convince the user to open a malicious file which then triggers the overflow, leading to the potential compromise of the system.

Conceptual Example Code

While specific code would depend on the exact implementation details of the software, an example of a malicious payload might look like this:
```
# Assuming file read vulnerability
./substance3d-modeler --open malicious_model.s3d
```
In this example, `malicious_model.s3d` would be a file crafted by the attacker to cause an integer overflow in the Substance3D Modeler software, leading to arbitrary code execution.
This conceptual example is intended to illustrate the type of command an attacker might use and does not represent an actual exploit.
November 6, 2025
CVE-2025-54258: Use After Free Vulnerability in Substance3D – Modeler Results in Potential Arbitrary Code Execution
Overview

This report provides a detailed analysis of the CVE-2025-54258 vulnerability that affects Substance3D – Modeler versions 1.22.2 and earlier. This vulnerability could potentially lead to arbitrary code execution, thereby posing a significant cybersecurity threat. Understanding this vulnerability is crucial for system administrators and cybersecurity professionals who are responsible for systems running on the affected software.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-54258
Severity: High (7.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Substance3D – Modeler | versions 1.22.2 and earlier

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability originates from a use-after-free condition in the Substance3D – Modeler. The software does not correctly handle memory allocation for certain user-supplied input. An attacker who successfully exploits this vulnerability could execute arbitrary code in the context of the current user, leading to unauthorized system access, data manipulation, or even system compromise. Exploitation requires user interaction, specifically the opening of a malicious file.

Conceptual Example Code

While the exact code to exploit this vulnerability would depend on many factors, a conceptual example might look like this:
```
# pseudo code for the exploit
class MaliciousFile:
def __init__(self, payload):
self.payload = payload
def open_file(self, application):
application.memory_free(self)
application.execute_code(self.payload)
# attacker creates a malicious file
malicious_file = MaliciousFile("arbitrary code")
# victim opens the malicious file using Substance3D Modeler
malicious_file.open_file(Substance3D_Modeler)
```
In this pseudo code, the `MaliciousFile` class represents the malicious file created by the attacker. The `open_file` method mimics the process of opening the file with Substance3D – Modeler. The use-after-free vulnerability is exploited when the application frees up the memory associated with the malicious file and then executes the arbitrary code contained in the payload.
November 6, 2025
CVE-2025-49459: Unauthorized Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability in Zoom Workplace for Windows
Overview

CVE-2025-49459 is a severe vulnerability found in the installer of Zoom Workplace for Windows on ARM platforms prior to version 6.5.0. It allows local authenticated users to escalate their privileges via a missing authorization flaw. The successful exploitation of this vulnerability could lead to system compromise and data leakage, making it a significant risk to organizations utilizing the affected software.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49459
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.8)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Zoom Workplace for Windows on ARM | Prior to 6.5.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the installer of the Zoom Workplace for Windows. An authenticated local user can leverage this flaw due to missing authorization checks. By exploiting this vulnerability, the attacker can conduct an escalation of privilege attack, gaining higher-level access rights on the system. This could potentially lead to system compromise and data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. Please note that this is a theoretical example and not actual exploit code:
```
# Assume the attacker is already authenticated
$ echo "Exploit payload" > malicious_script.sh
# Run the Zoom Workplace installer with the payload
$ ./ZoomInstaller.exe --script malicious_script.sh
```
In this theoretical scenario, the attacker creates a malicious script. They then run the installer with the malicious script, exploiting the missing authorization check to escalate their privileges.

Mitigation

Users are advised to update their Zoom Workplace for Windows on ARM to version 6.5.0 or later where this vulnerability has been fixed. As a temporary mitigation, usage of Web Application Firewalls (WAF) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) can help detect and prevent exploitation attempts.
November 6, 2025
CVE-2025-54245: Out-of-Bounds Write Vulnerability in Substance3D – Viewer
Overview

The recently discovered vulnerability, CVE-2025-54245, affecting Substance3D – Viewer versions 0.25.1 and earlier, poses a serious threat to users due to its potential for arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. The vulnerability, which requires user interaction for exploitation, could lead to severe system compromise or data leakage, highlighting the need for immediate attention and mitigation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-54245
Severity: High – CVSS 7.8
Attack Vector: File-based
Privileges Required: User
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Substance3D – Viewer | 0.25.1 and earlier

How the Exploit Works

The out-of-bounds write vulnerability in Substance3D – Viewer allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current user. This is achieved by tricking the user into opening a malicious file, which triggers the vulnerability and results in unauthorized write access beyond the allocated memory bounds. The attacker can leverage this to inject and execute malicious code, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the exploit might occur. Assume that an attacker sends a malicious file to the victim, who opens the file using Substance3D – Viewer, triggering the vulnerability:
```
// Malicious payload
char buffer[500];
FILE *fp;
fp = fopen("malicious_file.s3d", "r");
fread(buffer, 1, 1000, fp);  // Out-of-bounds write vulnerability triggered here
```
The `fread` function attempts to read more data into the buffer than what it can hold, resulting in an out-of-bounds write vulnerability. This can be exploited to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current user.
November 6, 2025
CVE-2025-54244: Heap-based Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in Substance3D Viewer
Overview

The cybersecurity community has recently discovered a critical vulnerability, termed as CVE-2025-54244, that affects Substance3D Viewer versions 0.25.1 and earlier. This Heap-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability can result in arbitrary code execution, potentially compromising the system or leading to data leakage. The severity of this issue underscores the need for immediate attention and remediation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-54244
Severity: High; CVSS Score 7.8
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Arbitrary code execution, potential system compromise, or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Substance3D Viewer | 0.25.1 and earlier

How the Exploit Works

This exploit takes advantage of a Heap-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability in Substance3D Viewer. An attacker would craft a malicious file designed to overflow the buffer within the software. When the victim opens this file, the overflow allows the attacker to execute arbitrary code within the context of the user’s current session. This could potentially lead to a complete system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual representation of how the vulnerability might be exploited:
```
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
char buffer[256];
if (argc > 1) {
strcpy(buffer, argv[1]);  // buffer overflow happens here
}
return 0;
}
```
In this example, the `strcpy` function is used to copy an attacker-controlled input into a fixed-size buffer without checking the length of the input, resulting in a buffer overflow.

Mitigation Guidance

Users of Substance3D Viewer version 0.25.1 and earlier are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can help mitigate the risk.
November 6, 2025