Author: Ameeba

Overview

CVE-2023-20599 is a significant vulnerability that potentially allows a privileged attacker to perform unauthorized access to the Crypto Co-Processor (CCP) registers in ASP from x86. The improper register access control in ASP could lead to the loss of control of a cryptographic key pointer/index, which may ultimately result in the loss of integrity or confidentiality. This vulnerability affects all systems and applications running on affected versions of ASP, which is widely used in various sectors, including government, finance, health, and more. The implications of this vulnerability are serious, with potential risks including system compromise and data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-20599
Severity: High (7.9 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: High
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized access to CCP registers, potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

ASP | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

A privileged attacker can exploit this vulnerability by accessing the CCP registers in ASP from an x86 platform. This is possible because of an oversight in the implementation of register access control in ASP, which does not adequately secure the CCP registers. Once the attacker has access to these registers, they can manipulate the cryptographic key pointer/index, potentially leading to the loss of integrity or confidentiality.

Conceptual Example Code

The following pseudocode provides a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited:

#include <iostream>
#include <windows.h>
int main() {
// Obtain privileged access
HANDLE hToken;
TOKEN_PRIVILEGES tp;
if (OpenProcessToken(GetCurrentProcess(), TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES | TOKEN_QUERY, &hToken)) {
LookupPrivilegeValue(NULL, SE_DEBUG_NAME, &tp.Privileges[0].Luid);
tp.PrivilegeCount = 1;
tp.Privileges[0].Attributes = SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED;
if (AdjustTokenPrivileges(hToken, 0, &tp, sizeof(TOKEN_PRIVILEGES), (PTOKEN_PRIVILEGES)NULL, (PDWORD)NULL)) {
// Access CCP registers
int* ccp_register = (int*)0xdeadbeef;  // Address of CCP register
*ccp_register = 0xabad1dea;  // Manipulate cryptographic key pointer/index
}
CloseHandle(hToken);
}
return 0;
}

Please note that this is a simplified conceptual example and actual exploitation may involve more complex steps and techniques.

Solution & Mitigation

Users and administrators are advised to apply the vendor patch once it becomes available. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure. Regularly updating and patching your systems, along with following best security practices, can significantly reduce the risk of such vulnerabilities.

Overview

A recent CVE vulnerability termed as CVE-2025-49653 has been identified which exposes sensitive user data in active sessions of Lablup’s BackendAI. This vulnerability affects all the users of the BackendAI management platform and can lead to system compromise and data leakage if exploited. Given the high severity score of 8.0, this vulnerability is a matter of serious concern and mandates immediate attention and remediation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49653
Severity: High (8.0)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Lablup BackendAI | All versions prior to patch release

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability CVE-2025-49653 in Lablup’s BackendAI can be exploited by attackers by manipulating the network protocols to gain unauthorized access to the user’s active sessions. By doing so, attackers can retrieve sensitive user credentials, which can then be used to compromise the system or leak data. The vulnerability is particularly dangerous as it requires low privileges and no user interaction, making it highly exploitable in real-world scenarios.

Conceptual Example Code

In a conceptual scenario, an attacker might send a malicious HTTP request to the exposed endpoint, such as:

GET /active_session_data HTTP/1.1
Host: target_backend.AI
Authorization: Bearer {attacker's_token}

In this example, the attacker uses their own token to authenticate the request, tricking the system into revealing sensitive data from active sessions. This data could potentially include credentials for users on the management platform, leading to escalated privileges, system compromise, or data leakage.

Mitigation Guidance

The prime mitigation strategy for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available. Lablup is expected to be working on a solution to address this critical vulnerability, and it is recommended that all users apply the patch as soon as it is released.
In the interim, users can use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to monitor and block suspicious network traffic, thereby reducing the chances of an exploit. However, these are temporary mitigations and do not offer a complete solution for the vulnerability.
In conclusion, CVE-2025-49653 is a critical vulnerability that requires immediate attention. It underscores the importance of regular patching and the use of security tools such as WAF and IDS in protecting sensitive data and maintaining system integrity.

Overview

The CVE-2025-5869 is a critical vulnerability found in one of the key components of RT-Thread 5.1.0, one of the most widely used open-source real-time operating systems (RTOS) available today. This vulnerability, specifically located within the sys_recvfrom function of the lwp_syscall.c file, has serious implications due to its potential to cause memory corruption. Given RT-Thread’s widespread usage in embedded systems, this vulnerability could have far-reaching impacts, possibly leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5869
Severity: Critical, CVSS Score: 8.0
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Memory corruption, potential system compromise, or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

RT-Thread | 5.1.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from the incorrect handling of the ‘from’ argument in the sys_recvfrom function. This function is designed to receive a message from a socket and capture the source address if it’s not NULL. However, the misuse of the ‘from’ argument can lead to memory corruption. An attacker with network access could send a specially crafted packet that, when processed by the sys_recvfrom function, causes the memory corruption. This could potentially allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of a specially crafted packet that could trigger the vulnerability:

POST /rt-thread/sys_recvfrom HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "from": "special crafted string causing memory corruption" }

It’s important to note that this is a conceptual example, and the actual exploit might involve more complex operations.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are strongly encouraged to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. As a temporary mitigation, users can employ Web Application Firewalls (WAF) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) to monitor and block suspicious network traffic that could potentially exploit this vulnerability. However, these measures provide only temporary relief and may not fully protect the system from a targeted attack exploiting this vulnerability.

Overview

A critical vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-5868, has been detected in RT-Thread 5.1.0. Affecting the sys_thread_sigprocmask function in rt-thread/components/lwp/lwp_syscall.c, this vulnerability poses a significant threat to systems running the aforementioned version of RT-Thread. With a CVSS Severity Score of 8.0, the vulnerability has the potential to lead to system compromise or data leakage, thus causing significant damage to the affected system or organization.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5868
Severity: Critical (8.0)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

RT-Thread | 5.1.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from an improper validation of an array index in the sys_thread_sigprocmask function of the file rt-thread/components/lwp/lwp_syscall.c. The manipulation of the ‘how’ argument, which is intended to specify the way in which the function should behave, can lead to an out-of-bounds read or write. An attacker can exploit this flaw to execute arbitrary code or access sensitive information, leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

To illustrate how this vulnerability might be exploited, consider the following conceptual pseudocode:

#include "rt-thread/components/lwp/lwp_syscall.h"
int main() {
// Create a malicious payload
char malicious_payload[512];
memset(malicious_payload, 'A', 512);
// Call the vulnerable function with the malicious payload as the 'how' argument
sys_thread_sigprocmask(malicious_payload, NULL, NULL);
return 0;
}

In this example, a buffer overflow is created by providing an oversized ‘how’ argument to the sys_thread_sigprocmask function. This could potentially result in arbitrary code execution or unauthorized access to sensitive data.

Mitigation

The recommended mitigation strategy for this vulnerability is to apply the latest patch provided by the vendor. In situations where immediate patching is not feasible, utilizing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. Organizations should also consider implementing secure coding practices to help prevent such vulnerabilities in the future.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is riddled with vulnerabilities that offer potential entry points for malicious actors. One such critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-5867, has been discovered in RT-Thread 5.1.0, an open-source, real-time operating system. This vulnerability specifically affects the file rt-thread/components/lwp/lwp_syscall.c, and more precisely, the function csys_sendto. With the right manipulation, this could lead to a null pointer dereference, potentially compromising the system or causing data leakage. This vulnerability is of significant concern to all users of RT-Thread 5.1.0 due to its potential to cause extensive harm.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5867
Severity: Critical (CVSS score 8.0)
Attack Vector: Local network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

RT-Thread | 5.1.0

How the Exploit Works

This vulnerability resides in the csys_sendto function of the lwp_syscall.c file in RT-Thread 5.1.0. An attacker can manipulate the arguments to this function, leading to a null pointer dereference. This could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (DoS) by crashing the system.
In essence, an attacker who successfully exploits this vulnerability could potentially gain control of the affected system or gain access to sensitive information, which could lead to extensive data breaches.

Conceptual Example Code

This is a conceptual example demonstrating how the vulnerability might be exploited. It is not a real exploit but a simplified representation.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <rtthread.h>
int main() {
char *malicious_payload = NULL;
csys_sendto(malicious_payload);
return 0;
}

In this pseudo-code, a NULL pointer is sent to the csys_sendto function, triggering the vulnerability. An actual exploit would likely be more complex and specifically crafted to cause maximum damage or gain unauthorized access to the system.
In conclusion, it is paramount for users of RT-Thread 5.1.0 to mitigate this vulnerability by applying the vendor patch or using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) for temporary mitigation.

Overview

A critical vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-5866, has been discovered in RT-Thread 5.1.0 that poses a significant risk to system integrity and data privacy. This vulnerability specifically affects the sys_sigprocmask function within the file rt-thread/components/lwp/lwp_syscall.c. By exploiting this vulnerability, an attacker could manipulate the ‘how’ argument, leading to an improper validation of array index. This vulnerability is of particular concern due to the potential for system compromise and data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5866
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 8.0)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

RT-Thread | 5.1.0

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the sys_sigprocmask function of the RT-Thread 5.1.0. By manipulating the ‘how’ argument, an attacker can cause an improper validation of the array index. This can lead to unexpected behavior, potentially allowing a malicious user to execute arbitrary code, compromise the system, or leak sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

While no specific exploit code has been made public, a conceptual example might involve passing an unexpected value to the ‘how’ argument in the sys_sigprocmask function. This could potentially be done via a crafted system call or manipulated user input. The following pseudocode might represent an example of how this could occur:

#include "rtthread.h"
void exploit() {
// Obtain a handle to the vulnerable function
void (*vulnerable_function)(int, const rt_sigset_t *, rt_sigset_t *) = &rt_sys_sigprocmask;
// Create a signal set
rt_sigset_t sigset;
// Set all bits in the signal set
sigset = -1;
// Call the vulnerable function with an unexpected 'how' argument
vulnerable_function(9999, &sigset, NULL);
}

This is a simplified example and actual exploitation may involve more complex steps and knowledge of the internals of RT-Thread.

Mitigation

Users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, the use of a web application firewall (WAF) or intrusion detection system (IDS) may provide temporary mitigation. However, these should not be considered long-term solutions, as they may not completely prevent exploitation of this vulnerability.

Overview

A critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-5865, has been discovered in the RT-Thread 5.1.0, a widely-used open-source real-time operating system. The vulnerability resides in the sys_select function of the file rt-thread/components/lwp/lwp_syscall.c, specifically within the component Parameter Handler. The incorrect handling of the timeout argument leads to a memory corruption issue, which, if exploited, could lead to potential system compromise or data leakage. Due to the severity of the vulnerability, it is crucial for users and administrators to understand the risk and take immediate action to mitigate the threat.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5865
Severity: Critical (CVSS Score: 8.0)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

RT-Thread | 5.1.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability originates from the mishandling of the timeout argument in the sys_select function. An attacker can manipulate this argument leading to a memory corruption issue. The vendor explained that the timeout parameter should be checked for access rights in kernel mode and should only be temporarily used in kernel memory. If not done correctly, the corrupted memory could be manipulated to execute arbitrary code or expose sensitive data, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a pseudocode representation and not an actual code:

#include "rt-thread/components/lwp/lwp_syscall.h"
void exploit() {
int timeout = INT_MAX; // Manipulate the timeout value
// Call the vulnerable function with manipulated timeout value
int result = sys_select(..., timeout);
if (result != 0) {
// The memory is now corrupted, carry out the exploit
execute_arbitrary_code();
}
}

In the above pseudocode, the timeout variable is manipulated to a value that could lead to memory corruption when passed to the sys_select function. If the function call is successful (i.e., returns non-zero), the attacker can then proceed to exploit the corrupted memory.

Mitigation

The vendor has provided a patch to correct this vulnerability. All users and administrators are urged to apply this patch as soon as possible. As a temporary mitigation, users can also use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and prevent potential exploitation attempts.

Overview

The cybersecurity world is yet again faced with a critical vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-48469, which has the potential to compromise system security on a massive scale. This vulnerability allows an unauthenticated attacker to upload firmware through a public update page, which could lead to backdoor installation or privilege escalation. Its implications are severe, especially for organizations that rely on the affected products, as it could lead to system compromise and data leakage. This vulnerability underscores the need for robust cybersecurity measures and timely security updates.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-48469
Severity: Critical (CVSS 9.6)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Product A | Version 1.0 to 1.5
Product B | Version 2.0 to 2.3

How the Exploit Works

An attacker exploiting this vulnerability would target the public update page of the affected products. The vulnerability lies in the lack of proper authentication checks before accepting firmware updates. This allows a threat actor to upload malicious firmware, which could contain backdoors or codes that escalate the attacker’s privileges in the system. Continuous exploitation of this vulnerability could lead to a complete system takeover, allowing the attacker to access and potentially exfiltrate sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

A conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited could be an HTTP POST request to the firmware update endpoint with a malicious payload. Here’s a skeleton example:

POST /firmware/update HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
{ "malicious_firmware": "..." }

In the above example, the attacker sends a POST request to the firmware update endpoint with a malicious firmware file. The server, due to the existing vulnerability, does not perform proper authentication checks and proceeds to apply the firmware update, leading to the successful exploitation of the system.

Mitigation Guidance

The primary mitigation strategy is to apply the vendor-supplied patch for this vulnerability. Organizations are urged to prioritize this update due to the severity of the vulnerability. As a temporary mitigation, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used to monitor and block malicious firmware update attempts. However, this should not replace the need for the application of the vendor patch.

Overview

The CVE-2025-5806 is a major security vulnerability found in the Jenkins Gatling Plugin 136.vb_9009b_3d33a_e, which affects its ability to serve Gatling reports. This vulnerability allows for a significant bypass of the Content-Security-Policy protection implemented in Jenkins versions 1.641 and 1.625. As a result, an attacker can exploit a cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability, potentially leading to a system compromise or data leakage. The severity of this issue is heightened due to the widespread use of Jenkins as an open-source automation server, used by developers for building, testing, and deploying software.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5806
Severity: High (8.0 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Jenkins Gatling Plugin | 136.vb_9009b_3d33a_e

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from the Jenkins Gatling Plugin’s method of serving Gatling reports. This process bypasses the Content-Security-Policy protection implemented in Jenkins versions 1.641 and 1.625, thereby exposing a cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability. An attacker, who can change the report content, can then inject malicious scripts that are executed in the user’s browser. This could allow the attacker to steal sensitive information or to perform actions on behalf of the victim user.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This represents a malicious payload being inserted into a Gatling report:

POST /jenkins/gatling-plugin/report HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "report_content": "<script>malicious_code_here</script>" }

In this conceptual example, the “malicious_code_here” would be replaced with the actual malicious JavaScript that the attacker wishes to execute in the user’s browser. Please note, this is a simplified representation of the exploit and actual attacks may involve more complex techniques.

Mitigation Guidance

The primary mitigation for CVE-2025-5806 is to apply the vendor-supplied patch. If for some reason, patching is not immediately possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to block or flag malicious traffic can serve as a temporary mitigation. These systems can be configured to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability, providing a layer of defense while a more permanent solution is implemented.