Author: Ameeba

Overview

This blog post provides an in-depth analysis of the recently discovered vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-6559, affecting multiple models of wireless routers from Sapido. This vulnerability, classified as an OS Command Injection vulnerability, has a serious potential impact on the cybersecurity landscape due to its high severity score and broad reach. It allows unauthenticated remote attackers to inject arbitrary OS commands and execute them on the server, leading to potential system compromise and data leakage. Given that the affected models are no longer supported by the manufacturer, the risk is compounded due to the lack of immediate patches or updates.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-6559
Severity: Critical (CVSS Score: 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System Compromise, Potential Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Sapido Wireless Router Model X | All versions
Sapido Wireless Router Model Y | All versions

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by leveraging the OS Command Injection vulnerability present in the software of the affected router models. An attacker can send a specially crafted HTTP request to the router’s web interface. This request contains malicious OS commands concealed within normal-looking parameters. Once the request is processed by the router, these commands are executed on the server, causing it to behave in ways unintended by the user and potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. The following example shows a malicious HTTP request in which the attacker injects the OS command into one of the parameters:

POST /cgi-bin/settings HTTP/1.1
Host: target_router_ip
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
ssid=legitimate_ssid&password=legitimate_password&custom_param=;rm -rf /;#

In this example, `;rm -rf /;#` is the injected OS command which, when executed, will delete all files on the server. Note that this is only a conceptual example to demonstrate how the vulnerability can be exploited, and it is neither recommended nor ethical to perform such actions on any system without explicit permission.

Overview

In the realm of cybersecurity, the discovery of new vulnerabilities and their subsequent mitigation is a constant cycle. One such recently identified vulnerability is CVE-2024-56731, a serious security flaw that affects Gogs, an open-source, self-hosted Git service. This vulnerability allows unprivileged users to execute arbitrary commands on the Gogs instance, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. This issue is of high importance due to the widespread use of Gogs and the severity of the potential impact.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-56731
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 10.0)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Gogs | Prior to 0.13.3

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the insufficient patch for CVE-2024-39931. This flaw makes it possible to delete files under the .git directory and achieve remote command execution. Unprivileged users can exploit this loophole to run arbitrary commands on the Gogs instance with the privileges of the account specified by RUN_USER in the configuration. This can potentially allow attackers to access and modify any user’s code hosted on the same instance.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of a shell command that an attacker might use to exploit this vulnerability:

$ curl -X DELETE http://target.example.com/.git/config
$ echo "command to execute" > exploit
$ curl -X PUT --upload-file exploit http://target.example.com/.git/hooks/post-update

In this example, the attacker is first deleting the `.git` config file. They then create a new file `exploit` containing the command they wish to execute. Finally, they upload this file to the `post-update` hook, which will be triggered to run their command the next time the repository is updated.

Mitigation

The vulnerability has been patched in Gogs version 0.13.3, and updating to this version or later is recommended. If updating is not an immediate option, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. However, these options should be considered as temporary measures, and updating to a patched version should be done as soon as possible to prevent potential exploits.

Overview

The SCALANCE LPE9403 manufactured by Siemens has been identified with a serious vulnerability, labelled as CVE-2025-40574. This flaw is found in all versions of the device and is a result of improper permissions assignment to critical resources. This vulnerability could potentially enable a non-privileged local attacker to interact with the backupmanager service, an integral part of the device’s system, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage. As the SCALANCE LPE9403 is a widely used device, this vulnerability has the potential to affect a large number of users and cause significant damage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-40574
Severity: High (CVSS 7.8)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

SCALANCE LPE9403 (6GK5998-3GS00-2AC2) | All versions

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exploits the improper permissions assignment to critical resources in the SCALANCE LPE9403 device. This flaw allows a non-privileged local attacker to interact with the backupmanager service. Interaction with this service could lead to manipulation of system data, triggering unauthorized actions, or extraction of sensitive information. The exploit requires local access and user interaction, meaning the attacker needs to have physical access to the device or its network, and the user must perform some action to enable the exploit.

Conceptual Example Code

While the specifics of how this vulnerability might be exploited are not publicly disclosed to prevent misuse, a conceptual example of an attack might look like this:

# Gain access to the system
$ ssh user@target.example.com
# Interact with the backupmanager service
$ ./backupmanager --command "malicious_command"

In this hypothetical example, the attacker gains access to the device via SSH and then directly interacts with the backupmanager service to execute a malicious command.

Overview

A serious vulnerability known as CVE-2025-32454 has been identified in multiple versions of the Teamcenter Visualization software suite. This suite is widely used in industrial and manufacturing settings for visualizing complex 3D models, making it a potentially high-impact target for attackers. The vulnerability pertains to an out of bounds read issue when parsing specially crafted WRL files, which could potentially allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code within the context of the running application.
This vulnerability is of significant concern due to its potential to compromise systems and leak sensitive data. Furthermore, the widespread usage of Teamcenter Visualization across multiple sectors increases the impact of the vulnerability.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-32454
Severity: High (CVSS:7.8)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Unauthorized access, data leakage, system compromise

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Teamcenter Visualization V14.3 | All versions < V14.3.0.14 Teamcenter Visualization V2312 | All versions < V2312.0010 Teamcenter Visualization V2406 | All versions < V2406.0008 Teamcenter Visualization V2412 | All versions < V2412.0004 How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from the application’s handling of WRL files. An attacker can create a specially crafted WRL file that, when loaded by the application, causes an out of bounds read past the end of an allocated structure. This could potentially allow an attacker to read sensitive information from the process’s memory or even execute arbitrary code within the context of the application.

Conceptual Example Code

Given the nature of the vulnerability, exploiting it would involve crafting a malicious WRL file. The precise structure of this file would be highly dependent on the internal workings of the Teamcenter Visualization software, but conceptually, it might look something like this:

#VRML V2.0 utf8
# malicious crafted nodes
Shape {
geometry IndexedFaceSet {
coord Coordinate {
point [ ...malicious payload... ]
}
}
}

This example is purely conceptual and not intended to be a working exploit. Instead, it illustrates the fact that the exploit would involve inserting malicious data into the structure of a WRL file.

Overview

CVE-2023-20599 is a significant vulnerability that potentially allows a privileged attacker to perform unauthorized access to the Crypto Co-Processor (CCP) registers in ASP from x86. The improper register access control in ASP could lead to the loss of control of a cryptographic key pointer/index, which may ultimately result in the loss of integrity or confidentiality. This vulnerability affects all systems and applications running on affected versions of ASP, which is widely used in various sectors, including government, finance, health, and more. The implications of this vulnerability are serious, with potential risks including system compromise and data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-20599
Severity: High (7.9 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: High
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized access to CCP registers, potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

ASP | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

A privileged attacker can exploit this vulnerability by accessing the CCP registers in ASP from an x86 platform. This is possible because of an oversight in the implementation of register access control in ASP, which does not adequately secure the CCP registers. Once the attacker has access to these registers, they can manipulate the cryptographic key pointer/index, potentially leading to the loss of integrity or confidentiality.

Conceptual Example Code

The following pseudocode provides a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited:

#include <iostream>
#include <windows.h>
int main() {
// Obtain privileged access
HANDLE hToken;
TOKEN_PRIVILEGES tp;
if (OpenProcessToken(GetCurrentProcess(), TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES | TOKEN_QUERY, &hToken)) {
LookupPrivilegeValue(NULL, SE_DEBUG_NAME, &tp.Privileges[0].Luid);
tp.PrivilegeCount = 1;
tp.Privileges[0].Attributes = SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED;
if (AdjustTokenPrivileges(hToken, 0, &tp, sizeof(TOKEN_PRIVILEGES), (PTOKEN_PRIVILEGES)NULL, (PDWORD)NULL)) {
// Access CCP registers
int* ccp_register = (int*)0xdeadbeef;  // Address of CCP register
*ccp_register = 0xabad1dea;  // Manipulate cryptographic key pointer/index
}
CloseHandle(hToken);
}
return 0;
}

Please note that this is a simplified conceptual example and actual exploitation may involve more complex steps and techniques.

Solution & Mitigation

Users and administrators are advised to apply the vendor patch once it becomes available. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure. Regularly updating and patching your systems, along with following best security practices, can significantly reduce the risk of such vulnerabilities.

Overview

A recent CVE vulnerability termed as CVE-2025-49653 has been identified which exposes sensitive user data in active sessions of Lablup’s BackendAI. This vulnerability affects all the users of the BackendAI management platform and can lead to system compromise and data leakage if exploited. Given the high severity score of 8.0, this vulnerability is a matter of serious concern and mandates immediate attention and remediation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49653
Severity: High (8.0)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Lablup BackendAI | All versions prior to patch release

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability CVE-2025-49653 in Lablup’s BackendAI can be exploited by attackers by manipulating the network protocols to gain unauthorized access to the user’s active sessions. By doing so, attackers can retrieve sensitive user credentials, which can then be used to compromise the system or leak data. The vulnerability is particularly dangerous as it requires low privileges and no user interaction, making it highly exploitable in real-world scenarios.

Conceptual Example Code

In a conceptual scenario, an attacker might send a malicious HTTP request to the exposed endpoint, such as:

GET /active_session_data HTTP/1.1
Host: target_backend.AI
Authorization: Bearer {attacker's_token}

In this example, the attacker uses their own token to authenticate the request, tricking the system into revealing sensitive data from active sessions. This data could potentially include credentials for users on the management platform, leading to escalated privileges, system compromise, or data leakage.

Mitigation Guidance

The prime mitigation strategy for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available. Lablup is expected to be working on a solution to address this critical vulnerability, and it is recommended that all users apply the patch as soon as it is released.
In the interim, users can use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to monitor and block suspicious network traffic, thereby reducing the chances of an exploit. However, these are temporary mitigations and do not offer a complete solution for the vulnerability.
In conclusion, CVE-2025-49653 is a critical vulnerability that requires immediate attention. It underscores the importance of regular patching and the use of security tools such as WAF and IDS in protecting sensitive data and maintaining system integrity.

Overview

The CVE-2025-5869 is a critical vulnerability found in one of the key components of RT-Thread 5.1.0, one of the most widely used open-source real-time operating systems (RTOS) available today. This vulnerability, specifically located within the sys_recvfrom function of the lwp_syscall.c file, has serious implications due to its potential to cause memory corruption. Given RT-Thread’s widespread usage in embedded systems, this vulnerability could have far-reaching impacts, possibly leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5869
Severity: Critical, CVSS Score: 8.0
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Memory corruption, potential system compromise, or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

RT-Thread | 5.1.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from the incorrect handling of the ‘from’ argument in the sys_recvfrom function. This function is designed to receive a message from a socket and capture the source address if it’s not NULL. However, the misuse of the ‘from’ argument can lead to memory corruption. An attacker with network access could send a specially crafted packet that, when processed by the sys_recvfrom function, causes the memory corruption. This could potentially allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of a specially crafted packet that could trigger the vulnerability:

POST /rt-thread/sys_recvfrom HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "from": "special crafted string causing memory corruption" }

It’s important to note that this is a conceptual example, and the actual exploit might involve more complex operations.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are strongly encouraged to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. As a temporary mitigation, users can employ Web Application Firewalls (WAF) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) to monitor and block suspicious network traffic that could potentially exploit this vulnerability. However, these measures provide only temporary relief and may not fully protect the system from a targeted attack exploiting this vulnerability.

Overview

A critical vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-5868, has been detected in RT-Thread 5.1.0. Affecting the sys_thread_sigprocmask function in rt-thread/components/lwp/lwp_syscall.c, this vulnerability poses a significant threat to systems running the aforementioned version of RT-Thread. With a CVSS Severity Score of 8.0, the vulnerability has the potential to lead to system compromise or data leakage, thus causing significant damage to the affected system or organization.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5868
Severity: Critical (8.0)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

RT-Thread | 5.1.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from an improper validation of an array index in the sys_thread_sigprocmask function of the file rt-thread/components/lwp/lwp_syscall.c. The manipulation of the ‘how’ argument, which is intended to specify the way in which the function should behave, can lead to an out-of-bounds read or write. An attacker can exploit this flaw to execute arbitrary code or access sensitive information, leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

To illustrate how this vulnerability might be exploited, consider the following conceptual pseudocode:

#include "rt-thread/components/lwp/lwp_syscall.h"
int main() {
// Create a malicious payload
char malicious_payload[512];
memset(malicious_payload, 'A', 512);
// Call the vulnerable function with the malicious payload as the 'how' argument
sys_thread_sigprocmask(malicious_payload, NULL, NULL);
return 0;
}

In this example, a buffer overflow is created by providing an oversized ‘how’ argument to the sys_thread_sigprocmask function. This could potentially result in arbitrary code execution or unauthorized access to sensitive data.

Mitigation

The recommended mitigation strategy for this vulnerability is to apply the latest patch provided by the vendor. In situations where immediate patching is not feasible, utilizing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. Organizations should also consider implementing secure coding practices to help prevent such vulnerabilities in the future.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is riddled with vulnerabilities that offer potential entry points for malicious actors. One such critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-5867, has been discovered in RT-Thread 5.1.0, an open-source, real-time operating system. This vulnerability specifically affects the file rt-thread/components/lwp/lwp_syscall.c, and more precisely, the function csys_sendto. With the right manipulation, this could lead to a null pointer dereference, potentially compromising the system or causing data leakage. This vulnerability is of significant concern to all users of RT-Thread 5.1.0 due to its potential to cause extensive harm.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5867
Severity: Critical (CVSS score 8.0)
Attack Vector: Local network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

RT-Thread | 5.1.0

How the Exploit Works

This vulnerability resides in the csys_sendto function of the lwp_syscall.c file in RT-Thread 5.1.0. An attacker can manipulate the arguments to this function, leading to a null pointer dereference. This could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (DoS) by crashing the system.
In essence, an attacker who successfully exploits this vulnerability could potentially gain control of the affected system or gain access to sensitive information, which could lead to extensive data breaches.

Conceptual Example Code

This is a conceptual example demonstrating how the vulnerability might be exploited. It is not a real exploit but a simplified representation.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <rtthread.h>
int main() {
char *malicious_payload = NULL;
csys_sendto(malicious_payload);
return 0;
}

In this pseudo-code, a NULL pointer is sent to the csys_sendto function, triggering the vulnerability. An actual exploit would likely be more complex and specifically crafted to cause maximum damage or gain unauthorized access to the system.
In conclusion, it is paramount for users of RT-Thread 5.1.0 to mitigate this vulnerability by applying the vendor patch or using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) for temporary mitigation.

Overview

A critical vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-5866, has been discovered in RT-Thread 5.1.0 that poses a significant risk to system integrity and data privacy. This vulnerability specifically affects the sys_sigprocmask function within the file rt-thread/components/lwp/lwp_syscall.c. By exploiting this vulnerability, an attacker could manipulate the ‘how’ argument, leading to an improper validation of array index. This vulnerability is of particular concern due to the potential for system compromise and data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5866
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 8.0)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

RT-Thread | 5.1.0

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the sys_sigprocmask function of the RT-Thread 5.1.0. By manipulating the ‘how’ argument, an attacker can cause an improper validation of the array index. This can lead to unexpected behavior, potentially allowing a malicious user to execute arbitrary code, compromise the system, or leak sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

While no specific exploit code has been made public, a conceptual example might involve passing an unexpected value to the ‘how’ argument in the sys_sigprocmask function. This could potentially be done via a crafted system call or manipulated user input. The following pseudocode might represent an example of how this could occur:

#include "rtthread.h"
void exploit() {
// Obtain a handle to the vulnerable function
void (*vulnerable_function)(int, const rt_sigset_t *, rt_sigset_t *) = &rt_sys_sigprocmask;
// Create a signal set
rt_sigset_t sigset;
// Set all bits in the signal set
sigset = -1;
// Call the vulnerable function with an unexpected 'how' argument
vulnerable_function(9999, &sigset, NULL);
}

This is a simplified example and actual exploitation may involve more complex steps and knowledge of the internals of RT-Thread.

Mitigation

Users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, the use of a web application firewall (WAF) or intrusion detection system (IDS) may provide temporary mitigation. However, these should not be considered long-term solutions, as they may not completely prevent exploitation of this vulnerability.