Author: Ameeba

  • CVE-2025-3713: Heap-Based Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in LCD KVM over IP Switch CL5708IM

    Overview

    The LCD KVM over IP Switch CL5708IM is exposed to a serious cybersecurity threat, identified as CVE-2025-3713. This vulnerability is a Heap-Based Buffer Overflow, which can be taken advantage of by unauthenticated remote attackers. The exploitation of this vulnerability can lead to denial-of-service attacks, potentially compromising systems or leading to data leakage.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-3713
    Severity: High (CVSS 7.5)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Denial-of-service attack, potential system compromise, and potential data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    LCD KVM over IP Switch CL5708IM | All versions prior to the release of the patch

    How the Exploit Works

    The exploit takes advantage of a Heap-Based Buffer Overflow vulnerability in the LCD KVM over IP Switch CL5708IM. This vulnerability allows unauthenticated remote attackers to send specially crafted packets to the system, which causes the buffer to overflow. This overflow can lead to a denial-of-service attack. In certain scenarios, this could also potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. This is a fictitious HTTP request:

    POST /target_endpoint HTTP/1.1
    Host: vulnerable.example.com
    Content-Type: application/json
    { "buffer_overflow_payload": "A"*10000 }

    In this example, the “buffer_overflow_payload” is filled with a string “A”*10000, which may exceed the buffer limit, causing it to overflow and leading to a denial-of-service attack.

    Mitigation

    To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available. Until then, the use of Web Application Firewalls (WAF) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure to monitor and block potential exploit attempts.

  • CVE-2025-3712: Heap-based Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in LCD KVM over IP Switch CL5708IM

    Overview

    The CVE-2025-3712 vulnerability is a critical flaw found in the LCD KVM over IP Switch CL5708IM that could lead to a potential system compromise or data leakage. It is a serious cybersecurity issue as it allows unauthenticated remote attackers to perform a denial-of-service (DoS) attack by exploiting a Heap-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-3712
    Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage through denial-of-service attack

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    LCD KVM over IP Switch CL5708IM | All versions before the patch

    How the Exploit Works

    The vulnerability lies in the improper handling of user-supplied inputs. The flaw in the Heap-based memory allocation of the LCD KVM over IP Switch CL5708IM allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to overflow the buffer by sending specially crafted data. This overflow could corrupt data, crash the system, or allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code, leading to a denial of service.

    Conceptual Example Code

    A conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited is shown below:

    POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
    Host: target.example.com
    Content-Type: application/json
    {
    "data": "A"*8000
    }

    In this example, the attacker sends a JSON object with the “data” key containing a string of 8000 ‘A’ characters. This data is much larger than the buffer can handle, causing it to overflow.

    Mitigation

    Users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it’s available. In the meantime, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as a temporary mitigation to monitor network traffic and detect any attempts to exploit this vulnerability.

  • CVE-2025-27578: Use After Free Vulnerability in Pixmeo OsiriX MD

    Overview

    This report discusses a significant cybersecurity vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-27578, primarily affecting Pixmeo OsiriX MD, a popular medical imaging software. This vulnerability is of critical importance due to its potential to cause system compromise and data leakage, leading to severe damage to both system integrity and confidentiality.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-27578
    Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: Required
    Impact: System compromise or data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    Pixmeo OsiriX MD | All versions prior to the patched version

    How the Exploit Works

    The vulnerability lies in the management of DICOM files, a standard for transmitting, storing, retrieving, and sharing medical images. An attacker can craft a malicious DICOM file and upload it to the affected system. The system, due to the use after free vulnerability, could then experience memory corruption, causing a denial-of-service condition.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This example merely illustrates the exploit and does not contain actual malicious code.

    POST /upload/dicom HTTP/1.1
    Host: target.example.com
    Content-Type: application/dicom
    { "dicom_file": "BASE64_ENCODED_MALICIOUS_DICOM_FILE_CONTENTS" }

    In this example, the attacker sends a POST request to upload a crafted DICOM file. The malicious content within the DICOM file would trigger the use after free vulnerability, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

    Mitigation Guidance

    Users are advised to apply the vendor-provided patch immediately to mitigate the vulnerability. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. However, these are not long-term solutions and the patch should be applied as soon as possible to effectively secure the system.

  • CVE-2024-9448: Traffic Policy Bypass Vulnerability in Arista EOS

    Overview

    This report presents a detailed analysis of the CVE-2024-9448 vulnerability. The vulnerability is present in Arista EOS platforms that have Traffic Policies configured. The severity of this vulnerability is high as it can potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage. The issue is significant as affected systems could deliver packets to unexpected destinations, bypassing established rules.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2024-9448
    Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    Arista EOS | All versions with Traffic Policies configured

    How the Exploit Works

    The exploit takes advantage of the vulnerability by sending untagged packets to the affected Arista EOS platform. These untagged packets are not processed by Traffic Policy rules as they should be. If the rule was set to drop the packet, this would not occur, and instead, the packet would be forwarded as if no such rule existed. This can lead to packets being delivered to unexpected destinations, bypassing the network’s security measures.

    Conceptual Example Code

    A conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited is as follows:

    echo -n "malicious_payload" > payload.txt
    nc -u -p 12345 target.example.com < payload.txt

    In this conceptual example, an attacker constructs a malicious payload and sends it as an untagged packet. The untagged packet bypasses Traffic Policy rules and gets delivered to an unexpected destination, potentially compromising the system or leading to data leakage.

    Recommendations

    To mitigate the CVE-2024-9448 vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available. In the interim, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. Users should also consider reviewing and updating their security policies to better protect against untagged packets.

  • CVE-2025-1948: Eclipse Jetty HTTP/2 Server Memory Overload Vulnerability

    Overview

    The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-1948 is a severe flaw in the Eclipse Jetty HTTP/2 server, affecting versions 12.0.0 to 12.0.16. This vulnerability allows an HTTP/2 client to commandeer the server’s resources by specifying a large value for a specific HTTP/2 settings parameter, potentially leading to OutOfMemoryErrors and even causing the JVM process to exit.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-1948
    Severity: High (7.5 CVSS score)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    Eclipse Jetty | 12.0.0 to 12.0.16

    How the Exploit Works

    An attacker, using an HTTP/2 client, can exploit this vulnerability by setting a very large value for the SETTINGS_MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE parameter. Since the Jetty server does not validate this setting, it attempts to allocate a ByteBuffer of the specified capacity to encode HTTP responses. This can lead to the server running out of memory and throwing an OutOfMemoryError, or even causing the JVM process to exit, resulting in potential system compromise and data leakage.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

    POST / HTTP/2.0
    Host: vulnerable-server.com
    Content-Type: application/json
    :authority: vulnerable-server.com
    :path: /
    :scheme: https
    :method: POST
    settings-max-header-list-size: 9999999999
    { "request_payload": "..." }

    In the above example, the malicious client has specified an extremely large value for the SETTINGS_MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE parameter, which could lead to a successful exploit of the vulnerability.

  • CVE-2025-26842: Unauthorized Access to Encrypted Emails in Znuny

    Overview

    This report provides an analysis of the vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-26842 which impacts the Znuny software up to version 7.1.3. This vulnerability allows unauthorized users to access the content of S/MIME encrypted emails. This security flaw poses a serious threat to the confidentiality and integrity of sensitive data, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-26842
    Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Unauthorized access to sensitive data and potential system compromise

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    Znuny | Up to 7.1.3

    How the Exploit Works

    The exploit works by taking advantage of a flaw in Znuny’s security controls. If a user is not given access to a ticket, the content of S/MIME encrypted e-mail messages is visible in the CommunicationLog. This means that any unauthorized user with access to the CommunicationLog can view the content of encrypted email communications, potentially exposing sensitive information or leading to a system compromise.

    Conceptual Example Code

    While the exact code to exploit this vulnerability is not provided, a potential attacker might take advantage of the flaw by means of accessing the CommunicationLog. An example command to view the log might look like this:

    cat /path/to/znuny/communication_log

    Mitigation Guidance

    To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the latest vendor patches as soon as they are available. In the interim, the use of Web Application Firewalls (WAF) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation to prevent unauthorized access to the CommunicationLog. Regular monitoring and auditing of system logs can also aid in detecting any potential exploit attempts in a timely manner.

  • CVE-2024-6648: Unauthenticated Remote User Vulnerability in AP Page Builder

    Overview

    The following report provides a comprehensive analysis of the CVE-2024-6648 vulnerability, a critical flaw found in AP Page Builder versions prior to 4.0.0. This vulnerability allows an unauthenticated remote user to modify system files, potentially compromising the system or leading to data leakage. It is of high importance due to the potential for widespread unauthorized access and data exposure.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2024-6648
    Severity: High (7.5 CVSS score)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    AP Page Builder | Versions Prior to 4.0.0

    How the Exploit Works

    The CVE-2024-6648 vulnerability is an Absolute Path Traversal flaw that enables an unauthenticated remote user to modify the ‘product_item_path’ within the ‘config’ JSON file. This modification permits the attacker to read any file on the system, potentially leading to unauthorized data access or complete system compromise.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. In this example, an HTTP POST request is used to send a malicious payload to the target system:

    POST /APPageBuilder/config HTTP/1.1
    Host: target.example.com
    Content-Type: application/json
    { "product_item_path": "/etc/passwd" }

    In this case, the attacker attempts to modify the ‘product_item_path’ to point to the ‘/etc/passwd’ system file, a common target for those seeking unauthorized access to system user data.

    Mitigation Guidance

    Users of AP Page Builder are strongly advised to apply the vendor patch to correct this vulnerability. In situations where immediate patching is not feasible, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can offer temporary mitigation.

  • CVE-2025-3419: Arbitrary File Read Vulnerability in Eventin Plugin for WordPress

    Overview

    The CVE-2025-3419 vulnerability affects the Event Manager, Events Calendar, Tickets, Registrations – Eventin plugin for WordPress. This vulnerability allows unauthenticated attackers to read arbitrary files on the server, potentially leading to data leakage or system compromise. It’s a significant threat to any WordPress site using this plugin as it may expose sensitive information.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-3419
    Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: System compromise and data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    Event Manager, Events Calendar, Tickets, Registrations – Eventin plugin for WordPress | <= 4.0.26 How the Exploit Works

    The proxy_image() function does not properly validate or sanitize the input, allowing an attacker to pass a path to an arbitrary file on the server. The result is an arbitrary file read vulnerability. This means that an attacker can remotely read the content of any file on the server without authentication or user interaction.

    Conceptual Example Code

    A potential exploit could look like this:

    GET /wp-content/plugins/eventin/includes/admin/views/proxy_image.php?file_path=/etc/passwd HTTP/1.1
    Host: target.example.com

    Here, the attacker is requesting the content of the “/etc/passwd” file, which stores user account information. A successful exploit could reveal sensitive information about the system’s users.

    Mitigation Guidance

    To mitigate this vulnerability, apply the vendor’s patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation.

  • CVE-2025-46727: Denial of Service Vulnerability in Rack due to Unbounded Parameters Parsing

    Overview

    CVE-2025-46727 is a significant cybersecurity vulnerability found in the Rack web server interface for Ruby. The flaw lies in the lack of an upper limit for the number of parameters parsed from query strings and form data, enabling malicious actors to trigger denial of service attacks. This vulnerability highlights the importance of robust cybersecurity practices and poses a critical risk to those utilizing older versions of Rack in their web applications.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-46727
    Severity: High, CVSS Score: 7.5
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    Rack | Prior to versions 2.2.14, 3.0.16, and 3.1.14

    How the Exploit Works

    The vulnerability lies in Rack’s QueryParser module, which parses query strings and form data into Ruby data structures without imposing any limit on the number of parameters. The QueryParser iterates over each `&`-separated key-value pair, adding it to a Hash with no upper bound on the total number of parameters. This allows an attacker to send a request containing an exceptionally large number of parameters, consuming excessive memory and CPU during parsing. This results in a denial of service as it can cause memory exhaustion or pin CPU resources, stalling or crashing the Rack server.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Below is a conceptual example of an HTTP request exploiting this vulnerability by sending a large number of parameters:

    POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
    Host: target.example.com
    Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
    param1=value1&param2=value2&param3=value3&...&param1000000=value1000000

    In this example, the attacker sends a POST request with a million parameters in the request body, which would cause the server to consume excessive resources during parsing, potentially leading to a denial of service.

    Mitigation

    To mitigate the effects of this vulnerability, users should apply the vendor-provided patches (Rack versions 2.2.14, 3.0.16, and 3.1.14). In case patching is not immediately possible, one may use middleware to enforce a maximum query string size or parameter count, or employ a reverse proxy (such as Nginx) to limit request sizes and reject oversized query strings or bodies. Employing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can also serve as a temporary mitigation measure. At the web server or CDN level, limiting request body sizes and query string lengths presents an effective mitigation strategy.

  • CVE-2025-41433: Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) MRF ALG Profile Vulnerability

    Overview

    The cybersecurity vulnerability CVE-2025-41433 is a critical flaw that affects Message Routing virtual servers when a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) message routing framework (MRF) application layer gateway (ALG) profile is configured. This vulnerability matters because it can potentially cause the Traffic Management Microkernel (TMM) to terminate, leading to system compromise or data leakage.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-41433
    Severity: High (7.5)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Potential for system compromise or data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    Message Routing Virtual Server | All versions before vendor patch

    How the Exploit Works

    The exploit takes advantage of a flaw in the SIP MRF ALG profile. When a malicious, undisclosed request is sent to the Message Routing virtual server, it can cause the TMM to terminate unexpectedly. This termination could lead to a potential system compromise or data leakage.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using a SIP INVITE request:

    INVITE sip:target@example.com SIP/2.0
    Via: SIP/2.0/UDP attacker.com;branch=z9hG4bKnashds8
    To: <sip:target@example.com>
    From: "Attacker" <sip:attacker@attacker.com>;tag=1928301774
    Call-ID: a84b4c76e66710
    CSeq: 314159 INVITE
    Contact: <sip:attacker@attacker.com>
    Content-Type: application/sdp
    Content-Length: ...
    v=0
    o=user1 53655765 2353687637 IN IP4 attacker.com
    s=-
    c=IN IP4 target.example.com
    t=0 0
    m=audio 6000 RTP/AVP 0
    a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000

    Mitigation Guidance

    To mitigate this vulnerability, apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as temporary mitigation.

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