Author: Ameeba

  • CVE-2023-38621: Integer Overflow Vulnerabilities in GTKWave’s VZT Facgeometry Parsing Functionality

    Overview

    The CVE-2023-38621 vulnerability exposes a critical flaw in the VZT facgeometry parsing functionality of GTKWave 3.3.115. This vulnerability, reflected in its high CVSS Severity Score of 7.8, affects a broad range of systems and applications that leverage GTKWave for viewing waveform data from hardware simulations. The key concern is the potential for system compromise or data leakage, which can result in substantial damage to an organization’s data security and integrity.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2023-38621
    Severity: High (7.8 CVSS Severity Score)
    Attack Vector: Local
    Privileges Required: Low
    User Interaction: Required
    Impact: Arbitrary code execution leading to potential system compromise or data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    GTKWave | 3.3.115

    How the Exploit Works

    The vulnerability arises from multiple integer overflow points found in the VZT facgeometry parsing functionality of GTKWave. By crafting a malicious .vzt file, an attacker can cause an integer overflow when allocating the `flags` array. The overflow can lead to a buffer overflow, thereby paving the way for arbitrary code execution.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This example does not represent a real exploit but serves to illustrate the process.
    Firstly, the attacker creates a malicious .vzt file designed to trigger an integer overflow when the `flags` array is being allocated.

    #include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main() {
char buffer[5];
strcpy(buffer, "A string that's way too long for the buffer");
return 0;
}

    The attacker then tricks the victim into opening the malicious .vzt file using GTKWave. This, in turn, triggers the vulnerability and allows the attacker to execute arbitrary code.

    Mitigation

    The recommended mitigation strategy is to apply the patch provided by the vendor. If that is not possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. However, these do not eliminate the vulnerabilities but merely reduce the risk of exploitation. To ensure complete protection, it is crucial to update the affected software to a version where the vulnerability has been rectified.

  • CVE-2023-38620: Integer Overflow Vulnerabilities in GTKWave 3.3.115 Leading to Arbitrary Code Execution

    Overview

    The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has recently identified a critical security flaw, designated CVE-2023-38620, within the VZT facgeometry parsing functionality of GTKWave, version 3.3.115, a popular open-source waveform viewer. The issue present is a series of multiple integer overflow vulnerabilities, which may lead to arbitrary code execution upon opening a maliciously crafted .vzt file. This vulnerability is particularly concerning as it could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage, posing a significant threat to any organization utilizing the affected software.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2023-38620
    Severity: High (CVSS: 7.8)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: Required
    Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    GTKWave | 3.3.115

    How the Exploit Works

    The vulnerabilities exist due to an integer overflow when allocating the ‘lsb’ array in the VZT facgeometry parsing functionality of GTKWave. This can occur when a user opens a specifically crafted .vzt file, which can then lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker who successfully exploits this vulnerability could execute arbitrary code in the context of the current user. If the current user is logged on with administrative user rights, an attacker could take control of the affected system.

    Conceptual Example Code

    While an exact example of this exploit cannot be provided due to responsible disclosure practices, the conceptual exploit would involve creating a malicious .vzt file that would cause an integer overflow when opened with GTKWave. The file would be designed to trigger the overflow in the ‘lsb’ array allocation, which would then allow for the execution of arbitrary code.

    // Pseudocode
malicious_file.vzt = {
// crafted data to cause integer overflow
}

    Then, this file would be delivered to the victim, who would open it with GTKWave, triggering the vulnerability.

    Mitigation Guidance

    To protect your systems from this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. If the patch is not yet available or cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. Additionally, users should be cautious when opening .vzt files from unknown sources and ensure their systems are updated with the latest security patches and updates.

  • CVE-2023-38619: Integer Overflow Vulnerability in GTKWave’s VZT Facgeometry Parsing Functionality

    Overview

    A critical vulnerability, catalogued as CVE-2023-38619, has been identified in GTKWave 3.3.115, a fully featured GTK+ based wave viewer designed for Unix, Win32, and Mac OSX users. This vulnerability pertains to multiple integer overflow vulnerabilities within the VZT facgeometry parsing functionality of the software. An attacker exploiting this vulnerability could potentially execute arbitrary code leading to system compromise or data leakage. This vulnerability, therefore, poses a considerable threat to all users of the affected version of GTKWave.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2023-38619
    Severity: High (7.8 CVSS Score)
    Attack Vector: Local File Inclusion
    Privileges Required: User level
    User Interaction: Required
    Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    GTKWave | 3.3.115

    How the Exploit Works

    The exploit works by leveraging an integer overflow vulnerability in the VZT facgeometry parsing functionality of GTKWave. The vulnerability lies in the incorrect allocation of the `msb` array, which can be triggered by a specially crafted .vzt file. Upon opening this malicious file, the overflow occurs, potentially allowing an attacker to execute arbitrary code.

    Conceptual Example Code

    A conceptual example of the vulnerability might look something like this:

    #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
typedef struct {
int *msb;
int size;
} vzt_file;
vzt_file *open_vzt_file(char *filename) {
// Read file, calculate size, allocate msb array
// ... (omitted for brevity)
// Vulnerable integer overflow
vzt_file->msb = malloc(size * sizeof(int));
// ... (omitted for brevity)
}
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
vzt_file *file = open_vzt_file(argv[1]);
// ... (omitted for brevity)
}

    In this example, the `size` variable is under the control of the attacker and can be set to a large value, causing an integer overflow in the `malloc` call and leading to a buffer overflow when the `msb` array is later used. This could potentially lead to arbitrary code execution.

    Mitigation Guidance

    To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor patch once available. In the meantime, implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure. Regular monitoring of systems and applications for unusual activity can also aid in early detection of an attempted exploit.

  • CVE-2023-38618: Integer Overflow Vulnerabilities in GTKWave’s VZT Facgeometry Parsing Functionality

    Overview

    This blog post aims to thoroughly investigate CVE-2023-38618, a critical vulnerability that affects the VZT facgeometry parsing functionality of GTKWave 3.3.115. This vulnerability is particularly significant due to its potential to execute arbitrary code, which would enable a threat actor to compromise systems or leak data. Victims could inadvertently trigger this vulnerability by merely opening a malicious .vzt file. Given the widespread use of GTKWave in analyzing digital logic simulations, this vulnerability poses a serious risk to a large number of users.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2023-38618
    Severity: High (7.8/10)
    Attack Vector: Local File
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: Required
    Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    GTKWave | 3.3.115

    How the Exploit Works

    The exploit takes advantage of integer overflow vulnerabilities found in the VZT facgeometry parsing functionality of GTKWave. An attacker can craft a malicious .vzt file that, when opened by the victim, triggers the vulnerability. Specifically, the vulnerability is exploited during the allocation of the `rows` array, where an integer overflow can occur. This can allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code, potentially resulting in a system compromise or data leakage.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Given the nature of this vulnerability, a conceptual example might look something like this:

    #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main() {
unsigned int rows = 0xFFFFFFFF;  // maliciously large number of rows
unsigned int cols = 5;
// allocate memory for rows array, triggering integer overflow
int* array = (int*) malloc(rows * cols * sizeof(int));
// rest of the .vzt file processing code...
}

    In this example, the maliciously large number of rows causes an integer overflow during the memory allocation for the `rows` array. This could potentially lead to buffer overflow, causing undefined behavior and potentially allowing an attacker to execute arbitrary code.

  • CVE-2023-38583: Stack-Based Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in GTKWave 3.3.115

    Overview

    The CVE-2023-38583 vulnerability is a critical flaw in the GTKWave 3.3.115 software that could potentially lead to arbitrary code execution, system compromise, and data leakage. The vulnerability is triggered when a user opens a malicious .lxt2 file, allowing attackers to exploit a stack-based buffer overflow in the LXT2 lxt2_rd_expand_integer_to_bits function. This vulnerability carries a significant severity score of 7.8 and could affect a wide array of systems and users, particularly those who routinely handle .lxt2 files in their workflows.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2023-38583
    Severity: High – CVSS score 7.8
    Attack Vector: Local file
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: Required
    Impact: Arbitrary code execution, potential system compromise, and data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    GTKWave | 3.3.115

    How the Exploit Works

    This vulnerability is a classic example of a stack-based buffer overflow. The offending function, lxt2_rd_expand_integer_to_bits, does not properly handle certain .lxt2 files, leading to an overflow condition. This overflow can overwrite other data on the stack, including function return addresses. If an attacker crafts a .lxt2 file to cause this overflow and overwrite the return address with a pointer to malicious code, they can execute arbitrary code.

    Conceptual Example Code

    While the exact details of the exploit are beyond the scope of this article, a conceptual shell command that demonstrates the basic idea might look like this:

    $ gtkwave malicious.lxt2

    In this example, `malicious.lxt2` is a specially crafted .lxt2 file that triggers the buffer overflow and executes the attacker’s code. Note that this is a simplified representation and the actual process would likely involve more complex manipulations of the stack memory.

    Mitigation

    Users of GTKWave 3.3.115 are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, the utilization of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can offer temporary mitigation until the patch can be applied. These security measures can help detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability.
    In general, all users, regardless of whether they are directly affected by this vulnerability, should remain vigilant and exercise caution when opening files from untrusted sources. This includes verifying the source of the files and using up-to-date security software to scan files for potential threats.

  • CVE-2023-37923: Arbitrary Write Vulnerabilities in GTKWave’s VCD Sorted Bsearch Functionality

    Overview

    In the vast landscape of cybersecurity, exploits and vulnerabilities are a constant concern for organizations. One such vulnerability, identified as CVE-2023-37923, poses a significant risk to users of GTKWave 3.3.115. This vulnerability is due to multiple arbitrary write vulnerabilities in the VCD sorted bsearch functionality of GTKWave. If leveraged, an attacker could execute arbitrary code, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.
    This vulnerability holds particular importance as it affects a popular waveform viewer used in digital design. Anyone using the vulnerable version of the software and processing a malicious .vcd file could be at risk. The severity of the potential impact underscores the importance of understanding this vulnerability and taking immediate steps towards mitigation.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2023-37923
    Severity: High (7.8 – CVSS score)
    Attack Vector: File
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: Required
    Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    GTKWave | 3.3.115

    How the Exploit Works

    The exploit works by leveraging the arbitrary write vulnerabilities present in the VCD sorted bsearch functionality of GTKWave. An attacker crafts a specially designed .vcd file, which, when processed by the vulnerable software, can lead to arbitrary code execution.
    This is possible due to improper validation of the user-supplied data within the .vcd file. When the victim opens this malicious file using the vcd2lxt conversion utility, the software fails to correctly handle the data, leading to arbitrary write operations that can ultimately result in arbitrary code execution.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Below is a conceptual representation of the malicious .vcd file, which triggers the vulnerability when opened in the GTKWave software:

    $timescale 1 ns $end
$scope module EXAMPLE $end
$var wire 1 ! output $end
$var wire 1 " input $end
$var wire 1 # inout $end
$upscope $end
$enddefinitions $end
#1
0!
1"
1#

    This pseudocode represents a .vcd file that contains a waveform description with malicious content. When processed by the GTKWave software, it triggers the arbitrary write vulnerability, leading to potential arbitrary code execution.

    Mitigation

    To mitigate the risks associated with CVE-2023-37923, it is recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure. These systems can help detect and block malicious .vcd files, preventing potential system compromise or data leakage.

  • CVE-2023-37922: Arbitrary Write Vulnerabilities in GTKWave’s VCD Sorted bsearch Functionality

    Overview

    A high severity vulnerability (CVE-2023-37922) has been discovered in the VCD sorted bsearch functionality of GTKWave 3.3.115. This vulnerability could potentially allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code on the victim’s system. With a CVSS severity score of 7.8, it’s clear that this issue could lead to serious consequences, such as system compromise or data leakage. It is especially worrisome as it solely requires the victim to open a specially crafted malicious .vcd file to trigger the vulnerabilities. The broad user base of GTKWave, which is commonly used for examining and debugging digital waveforms, makes this vulnerability a significant cybersecurity concern.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2023-37922
    Severity: High (CVSS: 7.8)
    Attack Vector: Local
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: Required
    Impact: Arbitrary Code Execution, Potential system compromise, or data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    GTKWave | 3.3.115

    How the Exploit Works

    The exploit takes advantage of multiple arbitrary write vulnerabilities in the VCD sorted bsearch functionality of GTKWave. An attacker crafts a malicious .vcd file designed to trigger these vulnerabilities. When the victim opens this file, the vcd2lxt2 conversion utility is invoked, which in turn triggers the arbitrary write. This allows the attacker to execute arbitrary code on the victim’s system, potentially compromising the system or leading to data leakage.

    Conceptual Example Code

    While this example is conceptual and may not represent an actual exploit, it provides an idea of how an attacker might craft a malicious .vcd file to exploit the vulnerability:

    # Create a malicious .vcd file
echo "binary_dumpfile_width 1" > malicious.vcd
echo "$var wire 1 ! signal" >> malicious.vcd
echo "$upscope" >> malicious.vcd
echo "$enddefinitions" >> malicious.vcd
# Crafted payload to trigger arbitrary write
echo "#1" >> malicious.vcd
echo "b1 !" >> malicious.vcd

    An unsuspecting user running this malicious .vcd file with vcd2lxt2 would trigger the arbitrary write vulnerabilities, leading to arbitrary code execution.

    Mitigation

    In light of this vulnerability, users of GTKWave version 3.3.115 are strongly advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure. These systems can help detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability, reducing the risk of a successful attack.

  • CVE-2023-37921: Multiple Arbitrary Write Vulnerabilities in GTKWave 3.3.115

    Overview

    The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures system has identified a critical vulnerability in GTKWave 3.3.115, a popular open-source software program for viewing digital timing waveforms. The vulnerability, designated CVE-2023-37921, involves multiple arbitrary write vulnerabilities in the VCD sorted bsearch functionality of GTKWave. If exploited, these vulnerabilities could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. It’s critical for users and administrators of systems running GTKWave 3.3.115 to understand and address this vulnerability to maintain the security and integrity of their systems.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2023-37921
    Severity: High, CVSS score 7.8
    Attack Vector: .vcd file
    Privileges Required: User level
    User Interaction: Required
    Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    GTKWave | 3.3.115

    How the Exploit Works

    The exploit works by taking advantage of the VCD sorted bsearch functionality in GTKWave 3.3.115. An attacker crafts a malicious .vcd file, which when opened in the GTKWave software, triggers arbitrary write vulnerabilities. This allows the attacker to execute arbitrary code on the victim’s system. The vulnerability is triggered via the vcd2vzt conversion utility, which means that any user who opens the malicious file will inadvertently trigger the exploit.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Let’s assume that the malicious .vcd file contains a special payload designed to exploit this vulnerability. A pseudocode example of such a payload might look like this:

    # malicious payload within .vcd file
payload = {
'command': 'arbitrary code here',
'trigger': 'vcd2vzt conversion utility'
}
# function to write the payload to a target file
def exploit(target_file, payload):
with open(target_file, 'w') as f:
f.write(payload)

    This hypothetical payload, when processed by the vcd2vzt conversion utility within GTKWave, would trigger the arbitrary write vulnerabilities and execute the arbitrary code specified in the payload.

    Remediation and Mitigation

    The best course of action to protect against CVE-2023-37921 is to apply the vendor patch. As an interim measure before the patch is applied, or if the patch cannot be applied for some reason, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide a temporary mitigation against the exploit. However, these measures are not a substitute for patching and updating the software.

  • CVE-2023-37578: Use-After-Free Vulnerabilities in GTKWave 3.3.115 Leading to Arbitrary Code Execution

    Overview

    We are delving into the details of a serious vulnerability identified as CVE-2023-37578. This vulnerability is present in the popular waveform viewer and simulator, GTKWave, specifically version 3.3.115. This vulnerability arises from multiple use-after-free conditions within the VCD get_vartoken realloc functionality. Its severity is underscored by the potential for arbitrary code execution, which could lead to system compromise and data leakage. Victims are at risk if they open a specially crafted, malicious .vcd file. As such, users of GTKWave, especially those dealing with untrusted .vcd files, should be aware of and take immediate steps to mitigate this risk.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2023-37578
    Severity: High (CVSS: 7.8)
    Attack Vector: Local
    Privileges Required: User
    User Interaction: Required
    Impact: Arbitrary code execution, potential system compromise, and data leakage.

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    GTKWave | 3.3.115

    How the Exploit Works

    The vulnerability lies in the VCD get_vartoken realloc functionality of GTKWave. In this context, realloc is used to adjust the size of a block of memory that was previously allocated. The issue stems from a use-after-free condition, which occurs when a program continues to use a pointer after it has been freed.
    A malicious actor can exploit this vulnerability by creating a specially crafted .vcd file. When this file is opened in GTKWave, specifically during the vcd2lxt conversion process, the use-after-free condition can be triggered, allowing for arbitrary code execution. This can potentially compromise the system and result in data leakage.

    Conceptual Example Code

    While the exact exploit code is not provided for ethical and security reasons, the conceptual example below illustrates the process an attacker may follow:

    #1. Craft a malicious .vcd file
echo "malicious_code" > malicious.vcd
#2. Send or make the malicious .vcd file available to the victim
#3. The victim opens the malicious .vcd file with GTKWave 3.3.115
GTKWave -vcd malicious.vcd
#4. The use-after-free vulnerability is triggered, executing the malicious code

    It’s important to note that this is a simplified example and actual exploitation would involve a more complex and specifically crafted malicious .vcd file.

  • CVE-2023-37577: Code Execution Vulnerability in GTKWave 3.3.115

    Overview

    The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has recently identified a high-severity vulnerability, CVE-2023-37577, in the popular GTKWave open-source waveform viewer version 3.3.115. This vulnerability, which involves multiple use-after-free issues, affects users who open specially crafted .vcd files and can lead to arbitrary code execution. Given the widespread use of waveform viewers in diverse industries such as electronics and software development, this vulnerability carries significant risk and warrants immediate attention.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2023-37577
    Severity: High (CVSS 7.8)
    Attack Vector: Opening a malicious .vcd file
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: Required
    Impact: Arbitrary code execution leading to potential system compromise or data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    GTKWave | 3.3.115

    How the Exploit Works

    The vulnerability exists in the VCD get_vartoken realloc functionality of GTKWave 3.3.115. When a user opens a specially crafted .vcd file, the program wrongly reallocates memory for certain objects, which can then be freed while still in use. This creates ‘dangling pointers,’ referencing memory that has been freed or reallocated. An attacker can exploit these use-after-free vulnerabilities to cause the program to execute arbitrary code, potentially compromising the system or leaking sensitive data.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Below is a conceptual representation of how the malicious .vcd file might be structured. This example is only intended to provide a high-level understanding of the exploit and is not a functioning exploit.

    // Malicious .vcd file pseudocode
BEGIN_VCD
VERSION "GTKWave 3.3.115"
TIMESCALE 1ns
SCOPE module top
VAR wire 1 ! clk
VAR wire 1 " data
UPSCOPE
END
$dumpvars
0!
0"

    In this example, the malicious .vcd file is crafted in a way that causes the VCD get_vartoken realloc functionality to create a use-after-free condition, which can then be exploited to execute arbitrary code.

    Mitigation

    Users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. Until then, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation, potentially blocking or detecting attempts to exploit this vulnerability.

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