Author: Ameeba

CVE-2025-4104: Critical Privilege Escalation Vulnerability in Frontend Dashboard WordPress Plugin
Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is fraught with potential threats and vulnerabilities, and one such critical flaw has been identified in the Frontend Dashboard plugin for WordPress. Affecting versions 1.0 to 2.2.6, this vulnerability allows unauthenticated attackers to reset the administrator’s email and password, effectively granting them administrative privileges on the platform. Given the ubiquity of WordPress and its extensive use in content management across various industries, this vulnerability holds potential for significant impact and thus requires immediate attention.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-4104
Severity: Critical (CVSS Severity Score: 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Frontend Dashboard WordPress Plugin | 1.0 to 2.2.6

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in a missing capability check on the `fed_wp_ajax_fed_login_form_post()` function within the Frontend Dashboard plugin. This omission allows a nefarious actor to make a direct call to this function, bypassing the usual authentication process. Once this function is invoked, the attacker can then reset the administrator’s email and password. This effectively grants the attacker administrative privileges, providing full control over the WordPress site.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited.
```
POST /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=fed_user_login_form_post HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
user_login=admin&user_pass=attacker_password&user_email=attacker@example.com
```
In this example, the attacker sends a POST request to the vulnerable endpoint (`admin-ajax.php`) with the `action` parameter set to `fed_user_login_form_post`. The attacker includes the new desired username (`admin`), password (`attacker_password`), and email (`attacker@example.com`) in the request body.

Mitigation Guidance

The ideal solution to this critical vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available. In the meantime, or if the patch cannot be immediately applied, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These tools can be configured to detect and block requests targeting the vulnerable endpoint. However, these are only temporary measures and may not fully protect the system against all potential exploits of this vulnerability. Therefore, updating the plugin to a patched version should be a priority.
May 13, 2025
CVE-2025-4354: Critical Stack-Based Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in Tenda DAP-1520
Overview

A serious vulnerability has been identified in the Tenda DAP-1520 1.10B04_BETA02, a popular network optimization device used in various sectors. This vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-4354, is classified as critical and possesses the potential to compromise systems or lead to data leakage. Being a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability, it poses a significant risk as it can be remotely exploited by attackers, thereby necessitating immediate attention and mitigation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-4354
Severity: Critical, CVSS 8.8
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, Data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tenda DAP-1520 | 1.10B04_BETA02

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the function check_dws_cookie of the file /storage in the affected Tenda device. The manipulation of this function leads to a stack-based buffer overflow. A buffer overflow occurs when more data is put into a fixed-length buffer than it can handle, causing the extra data to overflow, overwrite adjacent memory, and potentially execute arbitrary code. In this case, a remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability to compromise the system or leak data.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how a HTTP request may exploit this vulnerability:
```
POST /storage/check_dws_cookie HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "buffer_overflow": "A_LONG_STRING_THAT_CAUSES_OVERFLOW..." }
```
In this example, the “buffer_overflow” field contains a string that is longer than what the buffer in the function check_dws_cookie can handle, causing a buffer overflow and potentially allowing arbitrary code execution.

Mitigation Guidance

As a critical vulnerability with a public exploit, CVE-2025-4354 requires immediate mitigation. Users of the affected Tenda DAP-1520 version are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. Until then, temporary mitigation can be achieved by using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and block exploit attempts. As always, it is recommended to keep all systems and software up-to-date to prevent exploitation of known vulnerabilities.
May 13, 2025
CVE-2025-4350: Critical Command Injection Vulnerability in D-Link DIR-600L
Overview

The discovery of a critical vulnerability (CVE-2025-4350) in D-Link DIR-600L up to version 2.07B01 poses a significant threat to users of this outdated and unsupported product. This vulnerability, which affects the wake_on_lan function, allows an attacker to initiate a command injection attack remotely, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage. Understanding the nature of this vulnerability, its potential impact, and steps for mitigation is critical for all cybersecurity professionals, especially those managing networks still running these unsupported devices.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-4350
Severity: Critical (CVSS 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

D-Link DIR-600L | Up to 2.07B01

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the manipulation of the ‘host’ argument in the wake_on_lan function. An attacker can exploit this weakness by sending a specially crafted request to the affected device, which includes malicious commands hidden within the ‘host’ argument. The device then executes these commands, potentially leading to system compromise or unauthorized access to sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using a HTTP request:
```
POST /wake_on_lan HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "host": "validHost; rm -rf /" }
```
In this conceptual example, the malicious payload is the command (`rm -rf /`) appended after a semi-colon in the ‘host’ argument. This command, when executed, would delete all files in the system, illustrating the severity of the potential impact of this vulnerability.

Mitigation

Given that D-Link no longer supports the affected products, applying a vendor patch may not be possible. As a temporary mitigation, it is recommended to use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to monitor and block potential exploit attempts. However, the best course of action would be to replace these unsupported devices with newer, secure models that receive regular security updates from the vendor.
May 13, 2025
CVE-2024-12225: Critical Security Vulnerability in Quarkus WebAuthn Module
Overview

This blog post provides a detailed examination of CVE-2024-12225, a recently identified critical security flaw in the Quarkus WebAuthn security module. This vulnerability, rated at a high severity score of 9.1 by Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS), poses a potential risk to any application built using the Quarkus WebAuthn module. If exploited, it could lead to system compromise or data leakage, putting sensitive data at risk. Understanding this vulnerability and how to mitigate it is crucial for developers and cybersecurity professionals working with Quarkus.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-12225
Severity: Critical (9.1 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Quarkus WebAuthn Module | All versions prior to patched version

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the Quarkus WebAuthn module’s handling of default REST endpoints. When developers provide custom REST endpoints, the default endpoints remain accessible. This vulnerability can be exploited if an attacker sends a request to these default endpoints. The module then returns a login cookie that could correspond to an existing user that has no relation with the current attacker, allowing anyone to log in as an existing user by just knowing that user’s user name.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a simple HTTP request to the default endpoint, which could return a login cookie that might correspond to an existing user:
```
POST /default/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "username": "known_username" }
```
In the example above, the attacker sends a POST request to the default endpoint with a known username. If the application is vulnerable, it will return a login cookie, which the attacker can then use to impersonate the user.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate the vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available. In the meantime, a web application firewall (WAF) or intrusion detection system (IDS) can be used as a temporary mitigation. This should not be considered a long-term solution. Updating to the patched version of the Quarkus WebAuthn module should be prioritized to ensure the security of the application.
Stay vigilant, stay informed, and stay safe in the ever-changing landscape of cybersecurity threats.
May 13, 2025
CVE-2025-3844: Critical Authentication Bypass Vulnerability in PeproDev Ultimate Profile Solutions Plugin for WordPress
Overview

A critical vulnerability, tracked as CVE-2025-3844, has been identified in the PeproDev Ultimate Profile Solutions plugin for WordPress. This vulnerability pertains to a weakness in the authentication process, specifically the change_user_meta functionality, that could allow an unauthenticated attacker to bypass the login process and gain unauthorized access to user accounts, including those of administrators. This could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage, posing a significant risk to the privacy and security of website users.
With a CVSS severity score of 9.8, this vulnerability is deemed to be of critical severity and should be addressed immediately. The widespread usage of WordPress and the affected plugin underscores the urgent need for mitigation actions.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-3844
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

PeproDev Ultimate Profile Solutions Plugin for WordPress | 1.9.1 to 7.5.2

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the handel_ajax_req() function of the PeproDev Ultimate Profile Solutions plugin. Due to improper restrictions on the change_user_meta functionality, an attacker can set an OTP (One-Time Password) code and subsequently use that code to log in. This allows the attacker to bypass the authentication process and login as any user on the site, including administrators, thus gaining unfettered access to the system and potentially sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

The following pseudocode illustrates a potential exploit:
```
POST /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=peprodev_ultimate_profile_solutions HTTP/1.1
Host: targetwebsite.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
user_id=victim_user_id&user_meta_key=otp_for_login&user_meta_value=attacker_generated_otp
```
In this conceptual example, the attacker sends a POST request to the vulnerable endpoint, setting the user_meta_key to ‘otp_for_login’ and the user_meta_value to a value of their choice. This allows the attacker to log in as the specified user_id with the OTP they have set.

Mitigation Guidance

Users of the affected plugin are strongly advised to apply the vendor-supplied patch immediately. Until the patch can be applied, temporary mitigation can be achieved by using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to block attempts to exploit the vulnerability.
May 13, 2025
CVE-2025-0855: Unauthenticated PHP Object Injection in PGS Core WordPress Plugin
Overview

In the world of cybersecurity, the detection of new vulnerabilities is an ongoing process. One such vulnerability that has been recently identified is CVE-2025-0855, which affects the PGS Core plugin for WordPress. It is a critical vulnerability that can lead to PHP Object Injection, enabling attackers to inject a PHP Object without requiring any authentication. This issue concerns not only individual WordPress site owners but also businesses and organizations that use this plugin, as it can potentially lead to severe consequences such as system compromise or sensitive data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-0855
Severity: Critical (CVSS score: 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: This vulnerability, if successfully exploited, can lead to system compromise and data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

PGS Core WordPress Plugin | Up to and including 5.8.0

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of an issue in the ‘import_header’ function of the PGS Core plugin for WordPress. This function does not adequately verify the validity of input before deserializing it, thereby allowing the injection of PHP Objects. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending a specially crafted request to the vulnerable application, leading to PHP Object Injection. If a Property-Oriented Programming (POP) chain exists in any additional plugin or theme installed on the system, the vulnerability can be further exploited to delete arbitrary files, retrieve sensitive data, or execute arbitrary code.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s an illustrative example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. This example is purely conceptual and should not be used in a real-world scenario.
```
POST /wp-content/plugins/pgs-core/inc/importers/import_header.php HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-wordpress-site.com
Content-Type: application/php
O:8:"stdClass":1:{s:4:"file";s:27:"/path/to/arbitrary/file.php";}
```
In this example, an attacker sends a POST request to the ‘import_header.php’ file, which is part of the PGS Core plugin. The payload includes an injected PHP Object that references an arbitrary file. If the server has a POP chain that allows file deletion, this request could potentially delete the referenced file.

Mitigation and Recommendations

The best way to mitigate this vulnerability is by applying the vendor patch. Users of the PGS Core plugin for WordPress should upgrade to the latest version as soon as possible. As a temporary measure, one can use Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and prevent exploitation of this vulnerability. However, these are not long-term solutions and do not address the underlying issue. Regularly updating and patching software is essential in maintaining a secure online environment.
May 13, 2025
CVE-2025-44899: Critical Stack Overflow Vulnerability in Tenda RX3
Overview

The cybersecurity world is constantly evolving, and with that comes the advent of new vulnerabilities, one of which is the CVE-2025-44899. This vulnerability has been identified in the Tenda RX3 V1.0br_V16.03.13.11, a popular router used by both individuals and businesses. It is a stack overflow vulnerability, which can be extremely dangerous as they can lead to arbitrary code execution or even a complete system compromise. The vulnerability lies within the fromSetWifiGusetBasic function of the web url /goform/ WifiGuestSet and manipulating the parameter shareSpeed results in a stack overflow.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-44899
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Severity Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tenda | RX3 V1.0br_V16.03.13.11

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by manipulating the shareSpeed parameter in the fromSetWifiGusetBasic function of the web url /goform/ WifiGuestSet. By injecting a large amount of data, it can cause a stack overflow. This overflow can lead to unpredictable behavior, such as executing arbitrary code, crashing the system, or causing a system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Please note that the following is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. Actual exploitation would involve the use of specific tools and techniques.
```
POST /goform/WifiGuestSet HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"shareSpeed": "<payload causing stack overflow>"
}
```
This conceptual example shows how an attacker might send a malicious POST request to the vulnerable endpoint, injecting a payload into the shareSpeed parameter to trigger a stack overflow.

Mitigation

The best course of action for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. Until then, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These systems can be configured to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. Regular monitoring and logging of network activity can also aid in the early detection of any exploitation attempts.
May 13, 2025
CVE-2025-44073: SQL Injection Vulnerability in SeaCMS v13.3
Overview

This blog post provides an in-depth look at the CVE-2025-44073 vulnerability, a critical SQL Injection vulnerability found in SeaCMS v13.3. This vulnerability could potentially compromise the system or lead to data leakage, affecting a wide range of users. The seriousness of this issue is underscored by its CVSS Severity Score of 9.8, indicating a high level of severity. Understanding this vulnerability is essential for anyone using SeaCMS v13.3, as it can have far-reaching implications on system security and data integrity.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-44073
Severity: Critical – CVSS 9.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

SeaCMS | v13.3

How the Exploit Works

CVE-2025-44073 is a SQL Injection vulnerability. It resides in the admin_comment_news.php component of SeaCMS v13.3. An attacker can exploit the application by sending specially crafted SQL queries to this component, which lacks proper sanitization of user-supplied input. This can allow an attacker to view, modify, or delete data in the backend database, potentially compromising the system and leading to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. This is a sample HTTP request that sends malicious SQL payload to the vulnerable component.
```
POST /admin_comment_news.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
param1=value1&param2=value2&param3=malicious_payload'
```
In this conceptual example, `malicious_payload’` would be a crafted SQL statement designed to manipulate the database, bypass security measures, or exfiltrate data.

Recommended Mitigation

Users are strongly recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as it’s available to mitigate this vulnerability. In the meantime, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as temporary mitigation. These systems can detect and prevent SQL Injection attacks by identifying suspicious patterns in the HTTP requests and responses. However, these are not foolproof solutions and are only recommended until the official patch has been applied.
In conclusion, users of SeaCMS v13.3 are urged to take immediate action to secure their systems against CVE-2025-44073. By understanding the nature of the vulnerability and applying appropriate mitigations, potential system compromises or data leakages can be prevented.
May 13, 2025
CVE-2025-25014: Prototype Pollution Vulnerability in Kibana Leading to Arbitrary Code Execution
Overview

In the world of cybersecurity, the vulnerability CVE-2025-25014 is a significant threat to the integrity and security of systems running Kibana. This vulnerability is a prototype pollution flaw, an insidious type of vulnerability that can lead to a variety of detrimental security impacts. The affected software, Kibana, is a popular open-source data visualization and exploration tool used for log and time-series analytics, application monitoring, and operational intelligence use cases. The vulnerability, if exploited, allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code via carefully crafted HTTP requests to machine learning and reporting endpoints. It is thus of paramount importance for all users of Kibana to understand this vulnerability and to apply mitigation measures.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-25014
Severity: Critical (9.1 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System Compromise, Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Kibana | All versions prior to the latest patched release

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-25014 vulnerability involves a prototype pollution flaw in Kibana. Prototype pollution is essentially a vulnerability caused when an attacker is able to manipulate the prototype of a JavaScript object, which can lead to the addition or modification of existing properties that will then exist on all objects.
In the context of this vulnerability, an attacker sends a specially crafted HTTP request to the machine learning and reporting endpoints of Kibana. This request can manipulate the prototype of an object, leading to unexpected behavior in the application. The consequence of this vulnerability is arbitrary code execution, which means that an attacker can run any command of their choice on the affected system.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how an HTTP request exploiting this vulnerability might look. This is pseudocode and is for illustrative purposes only.
```
POST /api/machine_learning/anomalies HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "__proto__": { "exec": "rm -rf / --no-preserve-root" } }
```
In this example, the “__proto__” object is being manipulated to execute a dangerous command that could wipe the server’s file system. This clearly illustrates the severity of this vulnerability and underscores the importance of mitigating it effectively.
May 13, 2025
CVE-2025-45491: Critical Command Injection Vulnerability in Linksys E5600
Overview

In the evolving cybersecurity landscape, a critical vulnerability has been identified in the Linksys E5600 v1.1.0.26, labeled as CVE-2025-45491. This vulnerability, if exploited, could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage. It affects users of the Linksys E5600 v1.1.0.26 device, a popular router used in many homes and small businesses. It’s an alarming issue due to the high CVSS Severity Score of 9.8, indicating a severe threat to the security of users’ data and systems.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-45491
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Severity Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Linksys E5600 | v1.1.0.26

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-45491 vulnerability exists due to the improper sanitization of the username parameter in the runtime.ddnsStatus DynDNS function. This allows an attacker to inject arbitrary commands into the system through this parameter, which will then be executed with high-level privileges. The attacker can exploit this vulnerability remotely over a network, without requiring any user interaction or privileges.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. An attacker sends a malicious HTTP request with the injected command in the username parameter:
```
POST /runtime.ddnsStatus HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "username": "; [insert malicious command here]" }
```
In this example, the semicolon allows the attacker to inject a new command into the username parameter, which is then executed by the system.

Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the patch provided by the vendor as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. This will prevent the execution of malicious commands and provide an additional layer of security until a permanent solution can be implemented.
May 13, 2025