Author: Ameeba

  • CVE-2025-6372: Critical Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in D-Link DIR-619L 2.06B01

    Overview

    The cybersecurity community has recently identified a critical vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-6372, in the D-Link DIR-619L 2.06B01. This vulnerability involves a stack-based buffer overflow that can be triggered remotely. The severity of this vulnerability stems from its potential to compromise systems or leak data, especially concerning considering that it affects an unsupported product. This means that many users may not have easy access to vendor patches and would therefore be particularly vulnerable.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-6372
    Severity: Critical, CVSS Score: 8.8
    Attack Vector: Remote
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    D-Link DIR-619L | 2.06B01

    How the Exploit Works

    The vulnerability exists within the formSetWizard1 function of the /goform/formSetWizard1 file. Specifically, the issue arises from the manipulation of the curTime argument, which results in a stack-based buffer overflow. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending a specially crafted request that includes an oversized curTime argument. The system’s attempt to process this oversized argument results in the overflow, potentially allowing malicious code to be executed and compromising the system.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Here’s a conceptual illustration of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. This is a hypothetical HTTP request in which a malicious payload is embedded in the curTime argument:

    POST /goform/formSetWizard1 HTTP/1.1
    Host: target.example.com
    Content-Type: application/json
    { "curTime": "OVERSIZED_PAYLOAD_HERE" }

    In this case, “OVERSIZED_PAYLOAD_HERE” would be replaced with the attacker’s malicious payload, which would exploit the buffer overflow vulnerability when processed by the affected system.

    Recommended Mitigation

    Given that the affected product is no longer supported by the vendor, a patch may not be readily available. As a temporary mitigation, users are advised to use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS). These systems can help detect and block malicious requests that attempt to exploit this vulnerability. However, users are strongly advised to apply a vendor patch as soon as it becomes available, as these measures are only temporary and do not address the root cause of the vulnerability.

  • CVE-2025-6371: Critical Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in D-Link DIR-619L 2.06B01

    Overview

    The cybersecurity landscape is continuously changing, with new threats and vulnerabilities emerging almost daily. One of the most critical vulnerabilities discovered recently is CVE-2025-6371, which affects the D-Link DIR-619L 2.06B01. This vulnerability has been classified as critical due to its potential for remote exploitation and the severity of the damage it can cause, including system compromise or data leakage. It’s particularly concerning as the function it affects is part of an unsupported product, hence putting systems and data at a higher risk.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-6371
    Severity: Critical (CVSS: 8.8)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    D-Link DIR-619L | 2.06B01

    How the Exploit Works

    This vulnerability resides in the function formSetEnableWizard of the file /goform/formSetEnableWizard in the D-Link DIR-619L 2.06B01. The issue arises from manipulation of the argument curTime leading to a stack-based buffer overflow. This kind of overflow occurs when more data is loaded into a buffer than it can handle, causing excess data to overflow into adjacent memory spaces. Attackers can exploit this overflow to inject and execute malicious code remotely.

    Conceptual Example Code

    The following conceptual code represents how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. This is a simple HTTP POST request that sends a malicious payload to the vulnerable function in the formSetEnableWizard file.

    POST /goform/formSetEnableWizard HTTP/1.1
    Host: target.example.com
    Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
    curTime=AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA...

    In this example, the ‘curTime’ parameter is filled with an excessive amount of ‘A’ characters, demonstrating a potential buffer overflow attack. The exact nature of the malicious payload would depend on the specific goals of the attacker.

    Mitigation Guidance

    Due to the nature and severity of this vulnerability, it is strongly recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These systems can be configured to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. However, it is crucial to remember that these are only temporary solutions and can’t replace the importance of applying the vendor’s patch or switching to supported products.

  • CVE-2025-6370: Critical Vulnerability in D-Link DIR-619L 2.06B01 Leading to Potential System Compromise

    Overview

    The cybersecurity landscape is riddled with potential threats and vulnerabilities, one of which is CVE-2025-6370. This critical vulnerability, found in D-Link DIR-619L 2.06B01, affects the function formWlanGuestSetup of the file /goform/formWlanGuestSetup. The manipulation of the argument curTime can lead to a stack-based buffer overflow, which can be exploited remotely. This vulnerability is particularly concerning as it impacts products that are no longer supported by their maintainer and the exploit has been publicly disclosed. The potential consequences of this vulnerability are severe, including possible system compromise and data leakage.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-6370
    Severity: Critical (CVSS: 8.8)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    D-Link DIR-619L | 2.06B01

    How the Exploit Works

    The vulnerability lies in the formWlanGuestSetup function of the /goform/formWlanGuestSetup file in D-Link DIR-619L 2.06B01. Attackers can exploit this vulnerability by manipulating the curTime argument which can lead to a stack-based buffer overflow. This overflow can overwrite other data structures, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution, system compromise, or data leakage. Since this vulnerability affects products that are no longer supported by their maintainer, it poses a significant risk to users of these legacy products.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using a HTTP request:

    POST /goform/formWlanGuestSetup HTTP/1.1
    Host: target.example.com
    Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
    curTime=AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA...

    In the above example, the curTime argument is filled with a large number of ‘A’ characters, which can potentially cause a buffer overflow in the formWlanGuestSetup function.

    Mitigation

    Given the severity of this vulnerability, it is strongly recommended that users apply the vendor patch, if available. If a patch is not available, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. These systems can detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability, providing a layer of protection for the affected systems. However, these are only temporary measures and cannot fully eliminate the risk. Long-term mitigation strategies should include replacing or upgrading unsupported products to versions that are not vulnerable to this exploit.

  • CVE-2025-6369: Critical Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in D-Link DIR-619L

    Overview

    The world of cybersecurity is a constantly evolving battlefield, with vulnerabilities being discovered, patched, and exploited on a daily basis. One such critical vulnerability has been identified in the D-Link DIR-619L 2.06B01, a product that is no longer supported by its maintainer. This vulnerability, classified as a stack-based buffer overflow, can be exploited remotely and can potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage. Given the severity of this vulnerability and the potential damage it could cause, it is imperative that users take immediate steps to mitigate its impact.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-6369
    Severity: Critical (8.8 CVSS Severity Score)
    Attack Vector: Remote
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: Not Required
    Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    D-Link DIR-619L | 2.06B01

    How the Exploit Works

    The vulnerability resides in the ‘formdumpeasysetup’ function of the ‘/goform/formdumpeasysetup’ file. It is triggered when the ‘curTime/config.save_network_enabled’ argument is manipulated. This manipulation leads to a buffer overflow, a situation where more data is written into a block of memory (buffer) than it can hold. As the overflowed data corrupts adjacent memory spaces, it can cause erratic program behavior, crashes, or even the execution of malicious code.

    Conceptual Example Code

    The following is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. This pseudocode represents a malicious HTTP request that manipulates the ‘curTime/config.save_network_enabled’ argument, triggering the buffer overflow:

    POST /goform/formdumpeasysetup HTTP/1.1
    Host: vulnerableDLinkDevice.example.com
    Content-Type: application/json
    { "curTime": "1234567890", "config.save_network_enabled": "malicious_overflow_string_here" }

    Remember, this is a conceptual example and the actual exploit might be much more complex, involving specific overflow strings and potential shell code for system compromise.
    It’s important to note that this vulnerability can be exploited remotely without user interaction or elevated privileges. Therefore, all users of the affected product should take immediate steps to mitigate this vulnerability, such as applying vendor patches or using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary solution.

  • CVE-2025-6368: Critical stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in D-Link DIR-619L

    Overview

    The world of cybersecurity is fraught with constant threats to data security and system integrity. One such vulnerability, CVE-2025-6368, has been found in D-Link DIR-619L 2.06B01, posing a significant risk to systems still utilizing this unsupported product. This vulnerability is particularly concerning, as it has a high CVSS Severity Score of 8.8 and the potential for system compromise or data leakage. With the exploit details already disclosed to the public, systems running the affected software are at an increased risk of being targeted.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-6368
    Severity: Critical (8.8 CVSS score)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    D-Link DIR-619L | 2.06B01

    How the Exploit Works

    The vulnerability arises from an issue in the formSetEmail function of the /goform/formSetEmail file. The manipulation of the argument curTime/config.smtp_email_subject results in a stack-based buffer overflow. This kind of overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a buffer located on the stack than what is actually allocated for that buffer. This excess data then overflows into adjacent memory locations, overwriting the information there. This can lead to erratic program behavior, crashes, and in some cases, the execution of arbitrary code.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Here is a conceptual example of how an attack could be initiated remotely. Assuming the attacker knows the vulnerable endpoint, they could send a malicious HTTP POST request similar to the following:

    POST /goform/formSetEmail HTTP/1.1
    Host: vulnerable-device.example.com
    Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
    curTime=config.smtp_email_subject&value=AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA...

    In this example, the “value” field is filled with a long string of “A” characters, which could cause a stack-based buffer overflow in the vulnerable system.

    Mitigation Guidance

    Given that the affected product is no longer supported by the vendor, the ideal solution of applying a vendor patch is not available. As a temporary mitigation measure, users can implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to filter out malicious requests that could exploit this vulnerability. Long-term, users should consider upgrading to a supported version or alternative product to maintain a secure environment.

  • CVE-2025-6367: Critical Vulnerability in D-Link DIR-619L 2.06B01

    Overview

    A critical vulnerability known as CVE-2025-6367 has been identified in the D-Link DIR-619L 2.06B01. This vulnerability is of great concern due to the potential for system compromise and data leakage. The exploit affects the unknown code of the file /goform/formSetDomainFilter, and the attack can be initiated remotely. This vulnerability is particularly concerning as it affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer, meaning that patches and updates may not be readily available.
    This blog post aims to provide a detailed overview of CVE-2025-6367, discussing the severity, impact, and affected products. It will also explore how the exploit works, along with a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-6367
    Severity: Critical (CVSS: 8.8)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    D-Link DIR-619L | 2.06B01

    How the Exploit Works

    The vulnerability lies in the file /goform/formSetDomainFilter. The argument curTime/sched_name_%d/url_%d is manipulated leading to a stack-based buffer overflow. This overflow can cause the system to crash or, in more serious cases, allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code.
    The exploit can be initiated remotely, without any interaction from the user. Given that the exploit has been publicly disclosed, the risk of potential attacks is even higher.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Below is a
    conceptual
    example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using an HTTP request:

    POST /goform/formSetDomainFilter HTTP/1.1
    Host: target.example.com
    Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
    curTime=0&sched_name_%d=OverflowString&url_%d=OverflowString

    In this hypothetical example, ‘OverflowString’ represents a string that is too long for the buffer to handle, triggering the overflow.

    Mitigation Guidance

    As the affected product is no longer supported by the maintainer, a vendor patch may not be available. Users are advised to apply a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation method against this exploit. Please be aware that this is only a temporary solution and cannot guarantee complete protection against the exploit.
    Further protective measures could include isolating the affected device from the network or replacing it with a device that is currently supported and regularly receiving security updates.

  • CVE-2025-44635: Unauthorized Remote Command Execution Vulnerability in H3C Series Routers

    Overview

    CVE-2025-44635 is a critical cybersecurity vulnerability identified in several series of H3C routers. The vulnerability allows hackers to bypass authentication protocols, inject malicious commands, and obtain root-level privileges on the targeted remote devices, thereby gaining complete control over them. With CVSS Severity Score of 9.8, this vulnerability puts a vast amount of data and systems at risk, necessitating immediate attention and remediation.
    The vulnerability is particularly significant because it affects a wide range of H3C routers used by businesses and organizations globally. The exploitation of this vulnerability could lead to severe consequences such as system compromise and data leakage, making it a paramount concern for cybersecurity teams.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-44635
    Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Score)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: System Compromise / Data Leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    H3C ER2200G2, ERG2-450W, ERG2-1200W, ERG2-1350W, NR1200W series routers | before ERG2AW-MNW100-R1117
    H3C ER3100G2, ER3200G2, ER3260G2, ER5100G2, ER5200G2, ER6300G2, ER8300G2, ER8300G2-X series routers | before ERHMG2-MNW100-R1126
    H3C GR-1800AX | before MiniGRW1B0V100R009L50
    H3C GR-3000AX | before SWBRW1A0V100R007L50
    H3C GR-5400AX | before SWBRW1B0V100R009L50

    How the Exploit Works

    The exploit takes advantage of unauthorized remote command execution vulnerabilities in H3C routers. Attackers can bypass authentication by including specially crafted text in the request URL or message header. They can then inject arbitrary malicious commands into some fields related to ACL access control list and user group functions. These commands are executed to obtain the highest ROOT privileges of remote devices, thereby completely taking over the remote target devices.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. Please note that this example is purely hypothetical and simplified for illustrative purposes.

    POST /command_execution HTTP/1.1
    Host: target.router.com
    Content-Type: application/text
    { "command": "echo 'crafted_text' | sudo -u root /bin/sh -c 'malicious_command'" }

    In this example, the attacker is sending a POST request to the command execution endpoint of the targeted router. The malicious command is embedded in the ‘crafted_text’, which when processed by the router, leads to execution of the ‘malicious_command’ as a root user. This allows the attacker to gain full control over the target device.

  • CVE-2025-45890: Critical Directory Traversal Vulnerability in Novel Plus Before V.5.1.0

    Overview

    CVE-2025-45890 represents a severe directory traversal vulnerability in Novel Plus versions preceding v.5.1.0. A remote attacker can exploit this weakness to execute arbitrary code, potentially compromising the system and leaking sensitive data. This vulnerability matters significantly due to its high severity score and the potential for widespread data loss or unauthorized system access. As such, it is crucial for anyone using Novel Plus to understand this vulnerability and take immediate steps to mitigate its effects.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-45890
    Severity: Critical (CVSS Score: 9.8)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    Novel Plus | Before v.5.1.0

    How the Exploit Works

    The exploit leverages a directory traversal vulnerability in Novel Plus. Specifically, the vulnerability lies in the improper handling of the ‘filePath’ parameter. By sending specially crafted requests, an attacker can manipulate the ‘filePath’ parameter to traverse directories and execute arbitrary code remotely. This exploitation can lead to unauthorized system access and potential data leakage.

    Conceptual Example Code

    A conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited might look like this:

    GET /download?filePath=../../../../etc/passwd HTTP/1.1
    Host: target.example.com

    In this example, the attacker uses the ‘filePath’ parameter to traverse to the ‘etc/passwd’ directory, a common target as it stores user account details. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to gain unauthorized access to sensitive data.

    Mitigation

    To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor patch immediately. If unable to apply the patch right away, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure. These tools can help identify and block malicious requests that attempt to exploit this vulnerability. However, they should not replace the long-term solution of patching the affected software.

  • CVE-2025-49132: Critical Arbitrary Code Execution Vulnerability in Pterodactyl Game Server Management Panel

    Overview

    In the cybersecurity landscape, the discovery of a new vulnerability often necessitates urgent action to prevent potential system compromises or data leakage. This blog post details a critical vulnerability (CVE-2025-49132) found in Pterodactyl, a popular open-source game server management panel. This flaw could potentially allow an unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code on the server, leading to devastating consequences for the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of the system and its data. Given Pterodactyl’s widespread usage, this vulnerability presents a significant threat that system administrators and security professionals must address immediately.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-49132
    Severity: Critical (10.0 CVSS)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Unauthenticated arbitrary code execution leading to potential system compromise or data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    Pterodactyl Panel | Prior to version 1.11.11

    How the Exploit Works

    The exploit works by making use of a flaw in Pterodactyl’s /locales/locale.json endpoint. By injecting malicious code via the locale and namespace query parameters, an attacker can trigger the server to execute arbitrary code. This process does not require authentication, making it especially dangerous. The malicious code can be crafted to perform various harmful actions, such as gaining access to the server, stealing credentials, extracting sensitive information from the database, or accessing files of servers managed by the panel.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

    GET /locales/locale.json?locale=..%2f..%2f..%2fvar%2fwww%2fhtml%2fconfig.php&namespace HTTP/1.1
    Host: target.example.com

    This example code attempts to manipulate the locale parameter to read sensitive files (like the config.php file) from the server’s file system, which could contain database credentials or other sensitive information.
    It’s important to note that this is a conceptual example and the actual exploit may vary, depending on the specific circumstances and the attacker’s objectives.

    Mitigation Guidance

    To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to upgrade to Pterodactyl Panel version 1.11.11 or later, which includes a patch for this issue. If upgrading is not immediately possible, implementing an external Web Application Firewall (WAF) could help to mitigate this attack. It is also strongly recommended to monitor system logs for any suspicious activity and isolate affected systems until they can be updated.

  • CVE-2025-52821: SQL Injection Vulnerability in Video List Manager

    Overview

    CVE-2025-52821 is a significant security vulnerability, which affects the popular video management software, thanhtungtnt Video List Manager. This flaw is a specific type of code injection attack, known as SQL Injection, which could allow adversaries to manipulate the software’s database queries. This vulnerability is particularly concerning due to the potential for system compromise or data leakage, which could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive data or even entire system control. Given the widespread use of the Video List Manager in various sectors, this vulnerability has broad implications for data protection and system integrity.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-52821
    Severity: High (CVSS: 8.5)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    thanhtungtnt Video List Manager | Up to 1.7

    How the Exploit Works

    The SQL Injection vulnerability in thanhtungtnt Video List Manager occurs due to improper neutralization of special elements used in an SQL command. This allows an attacker to inject their own malicious SQL code into the database queries made by the software. By doing so, they can manipulate these queries to reveal sensitive data, modify or delete information, or even execute administrative operations on the database.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. An attacker sends a malformed request to the vulnerable endpoint, containing a malicious SQL command. This command is then inadvertently executed by the system, leading to unauthorized actions.

    POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
    Host: target.example.com
    Content-Type: application/json
    { "malicious_payload": "' OR '1'='1'; DROP TABLE users; --" }

    In this example, the SQL command `OR ‘1’=’1’` is always true, potentially allowing the attacker to bypass authentication mechanisms. The `DROP TABLE users` command would delete the entire user database, while the `–` comments out any remaining SQL, preventing syntax errors.

    Mitigation Strategies

    The primary mitigation strategy for CVE-2025-52821 is to apply the vendor-provided patch. This should fix the underlying issue and prevent future exploitation. In case the patch cannot be immediately applied, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can help detect and block SQL Injection attempts as a temporary mitigation measure. However, these are not long-term solutions, and the patch should be applied as soon as practicable to fully secure your systems.

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