Author: Ameeba

CVE-2025-45081: Critical Vulnerability in IITB SSO v1.1.0 due to Misconfigured Settings
Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is a constantly evolving one, with new threats and vulnerabilities cropping up every day. One such vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-45081, poses a significant risk to users of IITB SSO v1.1.0. This vulnerability arises from misconfigured settings that could potentially allow attackers to gain unauthorized access to sensitive application data. The impact of this vulnerability is substantial, as it could lead to system compromise or data leakage, affecting both individual users and organizations that use the vulnerable software.
The severity of this vulnerability underscores the importance of consistent and rigorous security practices. By understanding the nature of this vulnerability, who it affects, and how it can be mitigated, users can take effective steps to protect their systems and data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-45081
Severity: Critical (8.8 CVSS Severity Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

IITB SSO | v1.1.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability in IITB SSO v1.1.0 is due to misconfigured settings within the application. This misconfiguration can be exploited by an attacker to gain unauthorized access to sensitive application data. An attacker would simply need to send a specially crafted request to the vulnerable application to trigger the vulnerability and gain access to the data. Because the exploit uses a network attack vector, it can be executed remotely, increasing the potential reach of an attack.

Conceptual Example Code

The following example shows a conceptual representation of how the exploit might be executed. This is a hypothetical HTTP request that an attacker might use to trigger the vulnerability and gain access to sensitive data.
```
GET /misconfigured/setting HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "exploit_code": "..." }
```
This example is not a working exploit but rather a representation of how an attacker might take advantage of the vulnerability in the application.

Mitigation

The most effective way to mitigate this vulnerability is by applying the patch provided by the vendor. If a patch cannot be immediately applied, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can act as a temporary solution to prevent unauthorized access to sensitive data. Regular security audits and proper configuration management can also help prevent such vulnerabilities from arising in the future.
July 7, 2025
CVE-2025-45080: Unencrypted Communication Vulnerability in YONO SBI: Banking & Lifestyle v1.23.36
Overview

In the banking industry, the security of digital communications is paramount. With the rise of online banking and digital transactions, vulnerabilities that could potentially compromise customer data and security are taken very seriously. The CVE-2025-45080 vulnerability concerns one such issue, found in the YONO SBI: Banking & Lifestyle app. This vulnerability, discovered in version 1.23.36 of the app, involves the use of unencrypted communications, which could allow an attacker to execute a man-in-the-middle attack. This vulnerability can potentially lead to system compromise and data leakage, affecting millions of SBI customers who use the YONO app for their banking needs.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-45080
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Man-in-the-middle attack
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

YONO SBI: Banking & Lifestyle | v1.23.36

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the unencrypted communication used by the YONO SBI: Banking & Lifestyle app. When a user interacts with the app, their data is transmitted in plaintext, allowing anyone who intercepts the communication to read and manipulate the data. This lack of encryption allows an attacker to execute a man-in-the-middle attack, where they can intercept and alter the communication between the user and the bank’s servers. This could lead to unauthorized transactions, leak of personal and financial information, and even compromise of the user’s banking account.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual representation of the vulnerability being exploited. This is an oversimplified example and does not represent the actual complexity of a real-world attack.
```
GET /account_details HTTP/1.1
Host: yono.sbi
User-Agent: YONO/1.23.36
{ "account_number": "1234567890" }
```
A malicious actor, having intercepted this unencrypted communication, could potentially manipulate or use the account details for unauthorized transactions.

Recommended Mitigations

Users are strongly advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These systems can help detect and block suspicious activities, protecting users from potential attacks. Additionally, limiting the use of online banking on unsecured networks can minimize the risk of man-in-the-middle attacks.
July 7, 2025
CVE-2025-37099: Remote Code Execution Vulnerability in HPE Insight Remote Support
Overview

In the world of cybersecurity, awareness and timely response to potential threats are critical. In this regard, a recently discovered vulnerability, CVE-2025-37099, in HPE Insight Remote Support (IRS) is a significant cause for concern. This vulnerability affects HPE Insight Remote Support versions prior to v7.15.0.646 and could potentially lead to a system compromise or data leakage. Given the severity and potential impact of this vulnerability, understanding the risks and how to mitigate them is of the utmost importance.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-37099
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.8)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

HPE Insight Remote Support | Prior to v7.15.0.646

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability CVE-2025-37099 is a remote code execution vulnerability. In essence, it allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code on a target system without requiring user interaction or system privileges. The flaw exists within the HPE Insight Remote Support software, where certain input is not properly validated. This can allow a specially crafted payload to be executed remotely, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

While the exact details of the exploit are beyond the scope of this blog post, an attacker might craft a malicious HTTP POST request to a vulnerable endpoint. This request could look something like this:
```
POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "<payload>" }
```
In this conceptual example, `` would be replaced with the malicious code intended to exploit the vulnerability.

Mitigation

To mitigate the potential risk posed by this vulnerability, it is strongly recommended that users of HPE Insight Remote Support update their software to version v7.15.0.646 or later, which contains the necessary patches to address this issue. In situations where immediate patching is not possible, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can offer temporary mitigation. These systems can be configured to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability.
Remember, staying updated on the latest vulnerabilities and patches is a critical part of maintaining a secure IT infrastructure. As always, for any queries or assistance, feel free to reach out to our team.
July 7, 2025
CVE-2025-30318: Out-of-Bounds Write Vulnerability in InDesign Desktop
Overview

This blog post focuses on an identified vulnerability – CVE-2025-30318 – which affects InDesign Desktop versions ID19.5.2, ID20.2, and earlier. This is an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that can lead to arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. It is significant because it could potentially result in system compromise or data leakage, impacting both individual users and organizations. The severity of this vulnerability underscores the importance of effective cybersecurity measures and the need to keep software up-to-date.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-30318
Severity: High (7.8 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

InDesign Desktop | ID19.5.2
InDesign Desktop | ID20.2

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability CVE-2025-30318 works by exploiting an out-of-bounds write flaw in the affected InDesign Desktop software. The attacker initiates the exploit by crafting a malicious file that triggers the vulnerability. This file must then be opened by a victim, which is likely done through social engineering tactics or deceptive practices. Once the file is opened, it results in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. This can enable the attacker to manipulate the software’s operation, potentially compromising the system or leading to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This pseudocode simulates the process of a user opening a malicious file, leading to the execution of arbitrary code:
```
# Pseudocode
class MaliciousFile:
def __init__(self):
self.malicious_code = '...'
user = CurrentUser()
file = MaliciousFile()
user.open(file)  # The vulnerability is triggered here
```
In this example, the malicious file is opened by the user, triggering the execution of the malicious code within the context of the current user’s privileges. This serves to illustrate how simple actions like opening a file, when coupled with software vulnerabilities, can lead to significant security risks.

Mitigation Guidance

The best mitigation for this issue is to apply the vendor patch. InDesign has released updates that fix this vulnerability in their software, and users should make sure their software is up-to-date. If the patch cannot be immediately applied, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. These systems can detect and block attempts to exploit the vulnerability, providing some level of protection until the software can be updated.
July 7, 2025
CVE-2025-30310: Type Confusion Vulnerability in Dreamweaver Desktop Leading to Arbitrary Code Execution
Overview

CVE-2025-30310 is a significant security vulnerability that affects Dreamweaver Desktop versions 21.4 and earlier. The vulnerability is based on an Access of Resource Using Incompatible Type, also known as a ‘Type Confusion’ vulnerability. This vulnerability can result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. The implications of this vulnerability are severe because if successfully exploited, it could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage. Therefore, users of Dreamweaver Desktop versions 21.4 and earlier should be aware of this vulnerability and take immediate action to mitigate its potential impact.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-30310
Severity: High (7.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Dreamweaver Desktop | 21.4 and earlier

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-30310 vulnerability arises from an Access of Resource Using Incompatible Type (‘Type Confusion’) issue in Dreamweaver Desktop versions 21.4 and earlier. This occurs when the software incorrectly handles memory objects, leading to a type confusion condition. If an attacker can trick a victim into opening a malicious file, the attacker can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current user. This could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This pseudocode shows how an attacker might construct a malicious file to trigger the ‘Type Confusion‘ condition:
```
var maliciousFile = new File("maliciousFile.drw");
maliciousFile.write("type_confusion_trigger_code");
```
In this example, `maliciousFile.drw` is prepared with specific code designed to trigger the ‘Type Confusion’ vulnerability when opened in Dreamweaver Desktop version 21.4 or earlier. When the victim opens the file in the vulnerable software, the malicious code is executed, leading to arbitrary code execution.
July 7, 2025
CVE-2025-29979: Heap-based Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in Microsoft Office Excel
Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has cataloged a significant security flaw in Microsoft Office Excel, identified as CVE-2025-29979. This vulnerability is a heap-based buffer overflow issue, which could allow an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally on an affected system. Given the widespread use of Microsoft Office Excel, this vulnerability presents a significant risk to many organizations and individual users. It is especially concerning because it could potentially lead to a full system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-29979
Severity: High (7.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Microsoft Office Excel | All versions prior to vendor patch

How the Exploit Works

This vulnerability occurs due to the application’s failure to properly manage memory when processing certain data within an Excel spreadsheet. If manipulated correctly, this flaw can lead to a heap-based buffer overflow, enabling an attacker to execute arbitrary code on the affected system. The attacker would need to craft a malicious Excel file and convince the victim to open it.

Conceptual Example Code

While the exact exploit code would be specific to the vulnerability and the attacker’s intent, a conceptual example might involve embedding a malicious macro within an Excel file.
```
Sub Auto_Open()
Shell("cmd.exe /C arbitrary_code_here", vbHide)
End Sub
```
In this example, the `Shell` function is used to initiate a command prompt (`cmd.exe`) that executes the attacker’s arbitrary code when the Excel file is opened. This is a simplistic example and real-world exploits might be more complex and obfuscated to evade detection.

Recommended Mitigation

The primary mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-provided patch. This will correct the memory management issue and eliminate the related buffer overflow vulnerability. As an interim measure, users can implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. However, this should not be considered a long-term solution, as it does not address the underlying flaw.
July 7, 2025
CVE-2025-52995: Critical Vulnerability in File Browser’s Allowlist Implementation
Overview

The open-source software File Browser, frequently used for managing files within a specific directory, has been identified with a critical vulnerability, referenced as CVE-2025-52995. This vulnerability affects versions prior to 2.33.10. It exposes systems to potentially harmful shell commands, allowing unauthorized users to gain more control than they should ideally possess. This issue is of great concern to system administrators and developers using File Browser, as it could result in system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-52995
Severity: Critical (CVSS score 8.0)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

File Browser | Prior to 2.33.10

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the erroneous implementation of File Browser’s allowlist. An attacker, exploiting this vulnerability, could execute more shell commands than they are authorized for. This is due to the missing separation of scopes at the operating system level. Depending on the commands configured and the binaries installed on the server or in the container image, an attacker could gain access to all files managed by the File Browser application, including the database.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. Note that this is a simplified representation and actual exploits may involve more complex interactions.
```
$ ssh user@target.example.com
password: [user enters low-privilege password]
$ filebrowser --scope /path/to/vulnerable/directory
[attacker enters unauthorized command]
```
In this example, the attacker uses SSH to log into the target system with a low-privilege user account. They then run the File Browser application with a scope that includes the vulnerable directory. Due to the erroneous allowlist implementation, they’re able to execute commands that should be outside their authorization level.

Recommended Mitigation Strategies

The most effective mitigation strategy is to upgrade to version 2.33.10 of File Browser, where this issue has been patched. If that is not immediately possible, a temporary mitigation can be achieved by using a Web Application Firewall or an Intrusion Detection System to identify and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. However, these are only stopgap measures and it is strongly advised to apply the patch as soon as feasible.
July 7, 2025
CVE-2023-28910: Critical Bluetooth Stack Vulnerability in MIB3 Infotainment System
Overview

CVE-2023-28910 is a critical vulnerability found within the Bluetooth stack of the MIB3 infotainment system, predominantly used in Skoda Superb III cars. The flaw has the potential to bypass assertion functions due to a disabled abortion flag, leading to possible system compromise or data leakage. This vulnerability is of concern to all users of MIB3 infotainment systems, particularly those with the Skoda Superb III car featuring the OEM part number 3V0035820. It is crucial to understand the nature of this vulnerability and the resulting implications to ensure the security of these systems.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-28910
Severity: High (CVSS score: 8.0)
Attack Vector: Bluetooth
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

MIB3 Infotainment System | All versions with OEM part number 3V0035820

How the Exploit Works

The exploit manipulates the Bluetooth stack of the MIB3 infotainment system. The system has a specific flaw arising from disabling the abortion flag. This disabled flag allows for the bypass of assertion functions within the system, which could lead to a potential security compromise. An attacker, once paired with the Bluetooth system, could potentially exploit this flaw to gain unauthorized access to the system or leak sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

This section does not provide a real exploit but a conceptual example of how the vulnerability could be exploited. This could involve a sequence of Bluetooth commands, which, when issued in a specific order, lead to the bypass of assertion functions. The example below is a hypothetical Bluetooth command sequence:
```
$ bluetoothctl
[bluetooth]# pair <device_address>
[bluetooth]# connect <device_address>
[bluetooth]# send-command <malicious_command_sequence>
```
This command sequence represents an initial pairing with the device, establishing a connection, and then sending a hypothetical malicious command sequence that could exploit the vulnerability.
Please note that the “malicious_command_sequence” is a placeholder for a potential command or sequence of commands that could bypass the assertion functions. The exact nature of this command would depend on the specifics of the vulnerability and the implementation of the Bluetooth stack in the affected system.
July 7, 2025
CVE-2023-28909: Critical Bluetooth Stack Vulnerability in MIB3 Infotainment Units
Overview

In this post, we’ll delve into the details of a recently discovered vulnerability-CVE-2023-28909-found within the Bluetooth stack of the MIB3 infotainment unit. This flaw is particularly concerning as it primarily affects the Skoda Superb III car, which is equipped with the MIB3 infotainment unit. This vulnerability exposes the user’s infotainment system to potential attacks that could compromise the system and lead to data leakage.
The significance of this vulnerability extends beyond just the automotive industry; it represents a broader concern in the cybersecurity landscape. As technology continues to evolve and integrate into everyday items such as cars, the potential for these types of vulnerabilities also grows, making it crucial for cybersecurity professionals and users to stay informed and proactive.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-28909
Severity: High (8.0 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Bluetooth Stack
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

MIB3 Infotainment Unit | OEM Part Number: 3V0035820

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data within the Bluetooth stack of the MIB3 unit. This insufficiency can lead to an integer overflow when receiving fragmented HCI packets on a channel. An attacker can leverage this flaw to sidestep the MTU check on a channel with enabled fragmentation.
The consequence of this bypass is a buffer overflow in upper layer profiles, which can be exploited to obtain remote code execution. This means that an attacker can execute arbitrary code, potentially compromising the system and leading to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

While the exact exploitation would depend on the specific configuration of the MIB3 unit and the attacker’s knowledge, the concept can be illustrated with a pseudocode example:
```
def exploit(target_device):
# Create a malicious HCI packet with size greater than MTU
malicious_packet = create_fragmented_packet(size=target_device.mtu + 1)
# Send the malicious packet to the target device
target_device.send(malicious_packet)
# If the device is vulnerable, this could cause a buffer overflow
# leading to potential remote code execution
```
It’s important to note that this is a simplified representation of the exploit. The actual implementation would be significantly more complex and require a deep understanding of both the Bluetooth protocol and the specifics of the MIB3 unit’s implementation.
July 7, 2025
CVE-2025-6953: Critical Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in TOTOLINK A3002RU
Overview

A critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-6953, has been identified in TOTOLINK A3002RU routers running firmware version 3.0.0-B20230809.1615. The vulnerability lies in an unknown function of the file /boafrm/formParentControl of the HTTP POST Request Handler. This flaw could lead to buffer overflow, making it possible for a remote attacker to potentially compromise the system and leak data. As router vulnerabilities often have wide-reaching consequences, this issue is of great concern to both individuals and organizations using the TOTOLINK A3002RU router.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-6953
Severity: Critical (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TOTOLINK A3002RU | 3.0.0-B20230809.1615

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the manipulation of the ‘submit-url’ argument in the HTTP POST Request Handler. A remote attacker can send a specially crafted HTTP POST request to the vulnerable endpoint, causing an overflow in the system buffer. This overflow can lead to arbitrary code execution, allowing the attacker to potentially gain control over the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of a malicious HTTP POST request that could be used to exploit this vulnerability:
```
POST /boafrm/formParentControl HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable.router.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
submit-url=http://malicious.com&overflow_data=AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
```
In this example, the ‘overflow_data’ parameter is filled with an excessive amount of data, which triggers the buffer overflow.

Mitigation Guidance

The best way to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available. If the patch is not yet available or there are delays in its deployment, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These systems can detect and block the malicious HTTP POST requests that attempt to exploit this vulnerability.
July 7, 2025