Author: Ameeba

CVE-2025-30379: Release of Invalid Pointer in Microsoft Office Excel Leading to Local Code Execution
Overview

The vulnerability under discussion, CVE-2025-30379, is a serious flaw found in Microsoft Office Excel that allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally. This vulnerability affects any user who utilizes Microsoft Office Excel, a widely used spreadsheet software. The severity of this vulnerability is high, not only because of its potential for system compromise and data leakage, but also due to the ubiquitous use of the affected software, making a vast number of systems worldwide potential targets.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-30379
Severity: High (CVSS Score 7.8)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Microsoft Office Excel | All versions prior to the patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the improper handling of memory objects by Microsoft Office Excel. When a specially crafted Excel file is opened, it triggers the release of an invalid pointer or reference. This can lead to undefined behavior, such as memory corruption or application crashes. However, a skilled attacker can manipulate this undefined behavior to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current user.
If the current user is logged in with administrative privileges, the attacker can take control of the affected system. This could potentially lead to system compromise, allowing the attacker to install programs, view, change, or delete data, or create new accounts with full user rights.

Conceptual Example Code

In this conceptual example, an attacker might embed malicious code in an Excel file that triggers the vulnerability when the file is opened. The code might look something like this:
```
Sub Workbook_Open()
Dim buffer As String
buffer = Space(4096) ' Create a large string.
Range("A1").Value = buffer ' Release the invalid pointer.
Shell "cmd.exe /c " & "malicious_command" ' Execute arbitrary code.
End Sub
```
This VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) code creates a large string that triggers the memory corruption when assigned to a cell (“A1”). The Shell function then executes arbitrary command-line instructions within the context of the current user.
Please note that this is a simplified and conceptual example. Actual exploits might involve more complex and obfuscated code.
July 8, 2025
CVE-2025-30376: Heap-based Buffer Overflow in Microsoft Office Excel Leading to Potential System Compromise
Overview

CVE-2025-30376 is a high severity vulnerability present in Microsoft Office Excel. This vulnerability stems from a heap-based buffer overflow that could potentially allow unauthorized attackers to execute code locally on the victim’s system. It poses a significant threat to the security of sensitive data, as it may permit system compromise or data leakage.
The vulnerability is of particular concern due to the widespread usage of Microsoft Office Excel across industries and organizations of all sizes. The successful exploitation of this vulnerability could lead to significant breaches, putting personal, financial, and business-critical information at risk.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-30376
Severity: High – CVSS 7.8
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Execution of unauthorized code leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Microsoft Office Excel | [Insert affected version]

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from a heap-based buffer overflow in Microsoft Office Excel. An attacker can exploit this by crafting a malicious Excel document that, when opened, overflows the buffer and allows the attacker to execute arbitrary code. This code execution happens within the security context of the current user, which could lead to unauthorized system access or data leakage if the user possesses elevated privileges.

Conceptual Example Code

A conceptual exploit might involve a malicious macro embedded within an Excel document. Once the document is opened and the macro is executed, it can result in buffer overflow. Here’s a concept of how this might look:
```
Sub MaliciousMacro()
Dim buffer As String
Dim overflow As String
' Fill the buffer with data
buffer = String(1, "A")
' Create an overflow string longer than the buffer can handle
overflow = String(2, "B")
' Cause the buffer overflow, leading to potential arbitrary code execution
buffer = overflow
End Sub
```
Mitigation Guidance

Users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available for their version of Microsoft Office Excel. As a temporary mitigation strategy, deploying a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can help detect and prevent exploitation attempts. Additionally, it is recommended to exercise caution when opening Excel documents from untrusted sources and to disable macros by default.
July 8, 2025
CVE-2025-4946: Arbitrary File Deletion Vulnerability in Vikinger WordPress Theme
Overview

In this blog post, we will be discussing a critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-4946, that affects the Vikinger theme for WordPress. This vulnerability can make your website a feasible target for malicious cyberattacks, leading to potential system compromise and data leakage. It is vital to understand the severity of this vulnerability and take immediate action to secure your WordPress site.
The vulnerability lies in an insufficient file path validation in the vikinger_delete_activity_media_ajax() function. This loophole allows authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access, to delete arbitrary files on the server, possibly leading to remote code execution when a critical file, such as wp-config.php, is deleted.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-4946
Severity: High (8.1 CVSS Severity Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low (Subscriber-level)
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise; data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Vikinger WordPress Theme | All versions up to 1.9.32

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from an insufficient file path validation in the vikinger_delete_activity_media_ajax() function. This function, when exploited, allows authenticated attackers to delete arbitrary files on the server. If the attacker deletes a crucial file, such as wp-config.php, they can trigger remote code execution. This flaw gives the attacker the potential to take control of the entire system and access sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. They could potentially send a malicious payload within an HTTP POST request, like this:
```
POST /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php HTTP/1.1
Host: yourwebsite.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
action=vikinger_delete_activity_media_ajax&media_path=../../wp-config.php
```
In this example, the attacker uses the ‘media_path’ parameter to traverse the directory and specify a path to ‘wp-config.php’, leading to its deletion and opening a door for remote code execution.
Please note: this is a conceptual representation and not an actual exploit code. Always follow ethical guidelines when handling vulnerabilities.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary safeguard against potential attacks. Regularly updating and patching your WordPress themes and plugins can significantly reduce the risk of such vulnerabilities.
July 8, 2025
CVE-2025-27025: High-Risk Directory Traversal Vulnerability Due to Unsecure TCP Port Endpoint Access
Overview

CVE-2025-27025 is a recently discovered cybersecurity vulnerability that exposes a high-risk potential for system compromise or data leakage. This vulnerability affects devices that provide a service over a specific TCP port with a configured endpoint. The unsecured access to this endpoint poses a significant risk, as exploitation can lead to unauthorized access to sensitive data, alteration of system files, or even full system compromise. Due to its potential impact, this vulnerability is a concern for system administrators, network security professionals, and anyone responsible for the security of these devices.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-27025
Severity: High (CVSS Severity Score: 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

[Product Name] | All previous versions
[Product Name] | All previous versions

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the Basic Authentication method used for the TCP port’s endpoint. This endpoint accepts PUT and GET methods, which can lead to unauthorized reading or writing of files on the target device’s file system. The endpoint’s lack of proper security measures allows for a Directory Traversal attack, which enables the attacker to access and modify files in any location of the system, even as root.
This vulnerability can be exploited using a tool like Postman to send specially crafted HTTP requests. The use of the PUT method allows an attacker to write files on the system, while the GET method can be used to read any file from the file system.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited using a PUT method to write files to the system:
```
PUT /target_endpoint/../../etc/passwd HTTP/1.1
Host: target_device.com
Authorization: Basic base64encodedcredentials
Content-Type: text/plain
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
```
In this example, the attacker sends a PUT request to the target endpoint, but uses directory traversal (`../../etc/passwd`) to navigate to a sensitive system file (in this case, the Linux password file). The new line added to the file could give the attacker root access to the system.

Mitigation Guidance

To secure your system against this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. Pending the release of such a patch, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) could be used as a temporary mitigation measure. These systems can be configured to block or alert on suspicious requests that could be attempting to exploit this vulnerability. Regularly monitoring system logs for any unusual activity can also help in early detection of potential exploit attempts.
July 8, 2025
CVE-2025-30375: Type Confusion Vulnerability in Microsoft Office Excel Leading to Unauthorized Code Execution
Overview

Security vulnerabilities are a significant concern in the rapidly evolving world of technology. One such vulnerability that has come to light recently is the CVE-2025-30375. This particular vulnerability affects Microsoft Office Excel, a widely used spreadsheet program found in numerous businesses and industries around the globe. The threat lies in a type confusion error, allowing an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally. This vulnerability is not just a potential threat to the integrity of data but can also result in system compromise.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-30375
Severity: High (7.8 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Unauthorized code execution leading to potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Microsoft Office Excel | All versions prior to the patch

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a type confusion error in Microsoft Office Excel. Type confusion, often also referred to as type casting, is an error that occurs when a piece of code is not properly checking the type of an object that it is handling. In this case, an attacker can manipulate data that the software misinterprets, leading to an unexpected behavior. An attacker with knowledge of this vulnerability can craft a malicious Excel document, which, when opened by the victim, executes the attacker’s code.

Conceptual Example Code

Imagine an attacker creates a malicious Excel document with embedded VBA macro code. When the victim opens the document and enables macros (perhaps due to a convincing social engineering trick), the code runs.
Here is a simplified conceptual example of what the VBA macro code might look like:
```
Sub Auto_Open()
Dim buffer As String
buffer = Space(1024) ' Create a string with 1024 spaces
CopyMemory ByVal VarPtr(buffer), ByVal &H12345678, 4 ' Copy data to buffer causing type confusion
Execute(buffer) ' Execute the malicious code
End Sub
```
Remember, this is just a conceptual example and the actual exploit code would be more complex and specific to the vulnerable application’s internals.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate the risk associated with this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor-issued patch as soon as it becomes available. Until then, users can use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation strategy. Always be wary of unsolicited documents and do not enable macros unless it is absolutely necessary and the source is trusted.
July 8, 2025
CVE-2025-4380: Critical Local File Inclusion Vulnerability in Ads Pro Plugin for WordPress
Overview

The present cybersecurity discussion revolves around a critical vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-4380, that affects the Ads Pro Plugin – Multi-Purpose WordPress Advertising Manager plugin for WordPress. This vulnerability potentially puts countless WordPress sites at risk. It’s significant because it allows unauthenticated attackers to include and execute arbitrary files on the server. This could lead to unauthorized access, leakage of sensitive data, or complete system compromise if the attacker manages to upload and include .php files containing malicious code.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-4380
Severity: Critical, CVSS Score 8.1
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Ads Pro Plugin – Multi-Purpose WordPress Advertising Manager |

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the `bsa_preview_callback` function of the Ads Pro Plugin. An attacker can exploit the ‘bsa_template’ parameter via a specially crafted request. This allows the attacker to include and execute arbitrary files on the server. If the attacker manages to upload PHP files containing malicious code, the vulnerability can be used to bypass access controls, leak sensitive data, or even compromise the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. The attacker sends a POST request to the vulnerable endpoint with a malicious payload.
```
POST /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=bsa_preview_callback HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
bsa_template=../../../../../../../etc/passwd
```
In the above example, the attacker tries to read the `/etc/passwd` file from the server, which contains user account information. If successful, this could leak sensitive data.
It’s important to note that this is a conceptual example and the actual exploit may differ based on the server configuration and the attacker’s objectives.

Mitigation Guidance

The best way to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the vendor’s patch. If the patch is not available yet or cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can offer temporary protection against this vulnerability. Regularly updating your software and conducting security audits can help prevent such vulnerabilities in the future.
July 8, 2025
CVE-2025-6297: Exploitation of dpkg-deb Extraction Vulnerability
Overview

CVE-2025-6297 is a high severity vulnerability discovered in dpkg-deb, a software that is widely used in the implementation and management of .deb packages on Debian-based systems. This vulnerability could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage, and therefore, it warrants immediate attention and action. It appears that the flaw revolves around the inability of dpkg-deb to sanitize directory permissions adequately, leading to potential Denial of Service (DoS) scenarios.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-6297
Severity: High (8.2 CVSS v3)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

dpkg-deb | All versions prior to the vendor patch

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of dpkg-deb’s failure to sanitize directory permissions adequately when extracting a control member into a temporary directory. The process is documented as a safe operation, even on untrusted data. However, the lack of proper directory permissions’ sanitization may result in leaving temporary files behind on cleanup.
In scenarios where dpkg-deb commands are automated and repeatedly executed on adversarial .deb packages or with well-compressible files, placed inside a directory with permissions not allowing removal by a non-root user, this leads to a DoS scenario. The DoS scenario arises due to disk quota exhaustion or full disk conditions.

Conceptual Example Code

The conceptual example below demonstrates how the vulnerability might be exploited. It shows the creation of a malicious .deb package and its extraction using dpkg-deb.
```
# Create a malicious .deb package
$ echo "malicious content" > exploit
$ tar -cf control.tar exploit
$ ar -r malicious.deb control.tar
# Exploit the vulnerability
$ dpkg-deb -x malicious.deb /tmp/vulnerable_directory
```
Given the severity and potential impact of this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the vendor patch immediately. If that is not immediately possible, consider using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure. Nevertheless, these measures should not replace the need for patching.
July 8, 2025
CVE-2025-36630: Tenable Nessus Arbitrarily Overwrites System Files with Privilege Escalation
Overview

This blog post aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the CVE-2025-36630 vulnerability. This critical vulnerability affects Tenable Nessus versions prior to 10.8.5 on a Windows host. The vulnerability allows a non-administrative user to overwrite arbitrary local system files with log content at SYSTEM privilege. This represents a significant threat to the security of affected systems and can potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage. The vulnerability is especially concerning due to its high severity, with a CVSS score of 8.4 which indicates a high impact on confidentiality, integrity and availability.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-36630
Severity: High (8.4 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tenable Nessus | Prior to 10.8.5

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability is exploited by a non-administrative user who can overwrite arbitrary system files with the log content. This is possible because of inadequate control mechanisms within Tenable Nessus which incorrectly grants SYSTEM level privilege to non-administrative users. The overwritten files could contain sensitive data, which can result in data leakage or even a system compromise if critical system files are overwritten.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This pseudocode demonstrates how a malicious user may overwrite a system file with log content:
```
# Assume the user has already logged in and gained non-administrative access
# The malicious user decides to overwrite a system file with log content
use Tenable Nessus;
select log_content from logs;
overwrite system_file with log_content;
# The system file is now overwritten with the log content at SYSTEM privilege
```
Note: The above code is a conceptual example and does not represent actual exploit code.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are strongly advised to install the vendor-supplied patch that addresses this vulnerability, which is available for Tenable Nessus version 10.8.5 and onwards. If patching is not immediately possible, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation by detecting and preventing the exploitation of this vulnerability. However, this is a stopgap measure and does not replace the need for patching. Regularly updating and patching software is a critical component of maintaining system security.
July 8, 2025
CVE-2025-6463: Arbitrary File Deletion Vulnerability in Forminator Forms WordPress Plugin
Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has recently identified a serious security vulnerability dubbed CVE-2025-6463. This flaw lies within the Forminator Forms – Contact Form, Payment Form & Custom Form Builder plugin for WordPress and affects all versions up to, and including, 1.44.2. This vulnerability poses a significant threat to WordPress websites running the Forminator Forms plugin, as it allows unauthenticated attackers to trigger arbitrary file deletion, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.
Given the severity of the potential impact, it is crucial that administrators and developers using this plugin understand the nature of this vulnerability, its workings, and how to mitigate it effectively.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-6463
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Arbitrary file deletion potentially leading to remote code execution and system compromise

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Forminator Forms – Contact Form, Payment Form & Custom Form Builder Plugin for WordPress | Up to and including 1.44.2

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the ‘entry_delete_upload_files’ function of the Forminator Forms plugin. Due to insufficient file path validation, an unauthenticated attacker can include arbitrary file paths in a form submission. When the form submission is deleted-either manually by an Administrator or automatically via the plugin’s settings-the file specified in the arbitrary path will also be deleted.
This exploit can lead to remote code execution if a critical file-such as wp-config.php-is deleted. This file deletion can disrupt the normal operation of the WordPress site and potentially grant the attacker access to sensitive information, leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a hypothetical example of an HTTP request that could exploit this vulnerability.
```
POST /forminator_forms/submit_form HTTP/1.1
Host: victim-website.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data
{
"form_id": "123",
"field_id": "file_upload_field",
"file_path": "/absolute/path/to/wp-config.php"
}
```
In this example, the attacker uses the POST method to submit a form with an arbitrary file path pointing to the wp-config.php file. When the form is deleted, the wp-config.php file will also be deleted, potentially leading to remote code execution.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor-supplied patch immediately. In cases where this is not possible, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as a temporary measure to monitor and block malicious activity. In all cases, regular monitoring and updating of all WordPress plugins and core files is recommended to prevent future vulnerabilities.
July 8, 2025
CVE-2025-6459: Ads Pro Plugin Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) Vulnerability
Overview

A critical vulnerability has been discovered in all versions of the Ads Pro Plugin – Multi-Purpose WordPress Advertising Manager plugin for WordPress, up to and including version 4.89. This vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-6459, exposes websites to potential system compromise and data leakage. Given the widespread use of WordPress and its plugins, this vulnerability could have far-reaching implications for site owners, potentially allowing unauthenticated attackers to gain unauthorized access to sensitive data and systems.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-6459
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Ads Pro Plugin – Multi-Purpose WordPress Advertising Manager | Up to and including 4.89

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises due to missing or incorrect nonce validation on the `bsaCreateAdTemplate` function. This weakness in validation allows an attacker to forge a request and inject arbitrary PHP code. If an unauthenticated attacker can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking a link (a typical CSRF attack), the attacker’s injected code can be executed, potentially leading to system compromise and data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual representation of a malicious HTTP request exploiting the vulnerability:
```
POST /bsaCreateAdTemplate HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-website.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
ad_id=123&ad_template=<php code injection>
```
In this example, `` represents the attacker’s arbitrary PHP code.

Mitigation

To mitigate the CVE-2025-6459 vulnerability, apply the vendor-provided patch to the Ads Pro Plugin. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, consider employing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as temporary mitigation.
Remember, it’s crucial to always keep your systems and plugins updated to prevent becoming a victim of such vulnerabilities.
July 8, 2025