Author: Ameeba

Overview

In this post, we’ll delve into the details of a recently discovered vulnerability-CVE-2023-28909-found within the Bluetooth stack of the MIB3 infotainment unit. This flaw is particularly concerning as it primarily affects the Skoda Superb III car, which is equipped with the MIB3 infotainment unit. This vulnerability exposes the user’s infotainment system to potential attacks that could compromise the system and lead to data leakage.
The significance of this vulnerability extends beyond just the automotive industry; it represents a broader concern in the cybersecurity landscape. As technology continues to evolve and integrate into everyday items such as cars, the potential for these types of vulnerabilities also grows, making it crucial for cybersecurity professionals and users to stay informed and proactive.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-28909
Severity: High (8.0 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Bluetooth Stack
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

MIB3 Infotainment Unit | OEM Part Number: 3V0035820

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data within the Bluetooth stack of the MIB3 unit. This insufficiency can lead to an integer overflow when receiving fragmented HCI packets on a channel. An attacker can leverage this flaw to sidestep the MTU check on a channel with enabled fragmentation.
The consequence of this bypass is a buffer overflow in upper layer profiles, which can be exploited to obtain remote code execution. This means that an attacker can execute arbitrary code, potentially compromising the system and leading to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

While the exact exploitation would depend on the specific configuration of the MIB3 unit and the attacker’s knowledge, the concept can be illustrated with a pseudocode example:

def exploit(target_device):
# Create a malicious HCI packet with size greater than MTU
malicious_packet = create_fragmented_packet(size=target_device.mtu + 1)
# Send the malicious packet to the target device
target_device.send(malicious_packet)
# If the device is vulnerable, this could cause a buffer overflow
# leading to potential remote code execution

It’s important to note that this is a simplified representation of the exploit. The actual implementation would be significantly more complex and require a deep understanding of both the Bluetooth protocol and the specifics of the MIB3 unit’s implementation.

Overview

A critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-6953, has been identified in TOTOLINK A3002RU routers running firmware version 3.0.0-B20230809.1615. The vulnerability lies in an unknown function of the file /boafrm/formParentControl of the HTTP POST Request Handler. This flaw could lead to buffer overflow, making it possible for a remote attacker to potentially compromise the system and leak data. As router vulnerabilities often have wide-reaching consequences, this issue is of great concern to both individuals and organizations using the TOTOLINK A3002RU router.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-6953
Severity: Critical (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TOTOLINK A3002RU | 3.0.0-B20230809.1615

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the manipulation of the ‘submit-url’ argument in the HTTP POST Request Handler. A remote attacker can send a specially crafted HTTP POST request to the vulnerable endpoint, causing an overflow in the system buffer. This overflow can lead to arbitrary code execution, allowing the attacker to potentially gain control over the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of a malicious HTTP POST request that could be used to exploit this vulnerability:

POST /boafrm/formParentControl HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable.router.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
submit-url=http://malicious.com&overflow_data=AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

In this example, the ‘overflow_data’ parameter is filled with an excessive amount of data, which triggers the buffer overflow.

Mitigation Guidance

The best way to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available. If the patch is not yet available or there are delays in its deployment, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These systems can detect and block the malicious HTTP POST requests that attempt to exploit this vulnerability.

Overview

The CVE-2023-28905 vulnerability refers to a critical heap buffer overflow flaw discovered in the image processing binary of the MIB3 infotainment unit. This vulnerability directly affects the Skoda Superb III car, which utilizes the MIB3 infotainment unit OEM part number 3V0035820. Given the severity of the issue, it warrants immediate attention from cybersecurity practitioners and relevant stakeholders, for its potential to compromise system integrity and expose sensitive data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-28905
Severity: High (8.0 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: User
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Skoda Superb III MIB3 Infotainment Unit | OEM part number 3V0035820

How the Exploit Works

The heap buffer overflow vulnerability in the image processing binary of the MIB3 infotainment unit could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code on it. This exploit works when the system attempts to write more data into a buffer (heap) than it can hold. This overflow can overwrite adjacent memory locations, causing unpredictable application behavior, including memory access errors, incorrect results, program termination, or even the potential for the execution of malicious code.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is an illustrative example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This example demonstrates the process of sending a malicious payload to the target system. Please note that this is a conceptual demonstration and does not represent an actual exploit.

#!/bin/bash
TARGET_IP="192.168.0.101"
TARGET_PORT="8080"
MALICIOUS_PAYLOAD="$(python -c 'print "A"*5000')"
echo -e "POST /image-processing HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: $TARGET_IP\r\nContent-Length: ${#MALICIOUS_PAYLOAD}\r\n\r\n$MALICIOUS_PAYLOAD" | nc $TARGET_IP $TARGET_PORT

In this example script, an overly large payload is created and sent to the image processing service. This could trigger the buffer overflow, leading to potential arbitrary code execution.

Mitigation Measures

In light of the severity of this vulnerability, it is critical that effective mitigation measures are implemented as soon as possible. Users of the affected MIB3 infotainment unit are advised to apply the vendor patch immediately. In the absence of a vendor patch, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as a temporary mitigation measure. Regular monitoring and review of system logs can also help identify any unusual activity that might indicate an exploit attempt.