Author: Ameeba

Overview

A critical vulnerability has been discovered in the Open-Source RISC-V Processor that can potentially lead to system compromise and data leakage. This vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-45006, involves the improper retention of the mstatus.SUM bit in commit f517abb. This violation of privileged spec constraints may enable an attacker to access the physical memory of the system, thus leading to a serious security breach. Given the severity of this vulnerability, it is imperative for system administrators and cybersecurity professionals to understand the depth and breadth of this issue and take necessary steps to mitigate it.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-45006
Severity: Critical (CVSS score 9.1)
Attack Vector: Physical memory access
Privileges Required: High
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Open-Source RISC-V Processor | Commit f517abb

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the improper retention of the mstatus.SUM bit in the Open-Source RISC-V Processor. Due to this flaw, an attacker can leverage this to violate privileged spec constraints and gain unauthorized access to the physical memory of the system. This can potentially lead to a full system compromise and data leakage if the attacker manages to exploit this flaw successfully.

Conceptual Example Code

While an actual exploit code would be highly specific and complex, the general concept would be as follows:

# Exploit pseudo-code
# Assuming attacker has gained high privilege access
# Access the mstatus register
mstatus = read_register('mstatus')
# Set the SUM bit to non-zero
mstatus['SUM'] = 1
# Write back to the mstatus register
write_register('mstatus', mstatus)
# Now the attacker can potentially access physical memory violating spec constraints.

Note: This is a highly simplified example and the actual exploit would be far more complex and specific, depending on the exact architecture and configuration of the target system.

Mitigation Guidance

The recommended mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-supplied patch as soon as it becomes available. Until then, as a temporary mitigation, it is suggested to use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to monitor and block any potential exploit attempts. Administrators should also monitor system logs for any unusual activity and ensure all systems are running the latest security updates.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is a constantly evolving one, with new threats and vulnerabilities cropping up every day. One such vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-45081, poses a significant risk to users of IITB SSO v1.1.0. This vulnerability arises from misconfigured settings that could potentially allow attackers to gain unauthorized access to sensitive application data. The impact of this vulnerability is substantial, as it could lead to system compromise or data leakage, affecting both individual users and organizations that use the vulnerable software.
The severity of this vulnerability underscores the importance of consistent and rigorous security practices. By understanding the nature of this vulnerability, who it affects, and how it can be mitigated, users can take effective steps to protect their systems and data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-45081
Severity: Critical (8.8 CVSS Severity Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

IITB SSO | v1.1.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability in IITB SSO v1.1.0 is due to misconfigured settings within the application. This misconfiguration can be exploited by an attacker to gain unauthorized access to sensitive application data. An attacker would simply need to send a specially crafted request to the vulnerable application to trigger the vulnerability and gain access to the data. Because the exploit uses a network attack vector, it can be executed remotely, increasing the potential reach of an attack.

Conceptual Example Code

The following example shows a conceptual representation of how the exploit might be executed. This is a hypothetical HTTP request that an attacker might use to trigger the vulnerability and gain access to sensitive data.

GET /misconfigured/setting HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "exploit_code": "..." }

This example is not a working exploit but rather a representation of how an attacker might take advantage of the vulnerability in the application.

Mitigation

The most effective way to mitigate this vulnerability is by applying the patch provided by the vendor. If a patch cannot be immediately applied, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can act as a temporary solution to prevent unauthorized access to sensitive data. Regular security audits and proper configuration management can also help prevent such vulnerabilities from arising in the future.

Overview

In the banking industry, the security of digital communications is paramount. With the rise of online banking and digital transactions, vulnerabilities that could potentially compromise customer data and security are taken very seriously. The CVE-2025-45080 vulnerability concerns one such issue, found in the YONO SBI: Banking & Lifestyle app. This vulnerability, discovered in version 1.23.36 of the app, involves the use of unencrypted communications, which could allow an attacker to execute a man-in-the-middle attack. This vulnerability can potentially lead to system compromise and data leakage, affecting millions of SBI customers who use the YONO app for their banking needs.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-45080
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Man-in-the-middle attack
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

YONO SBI: Banking & Lifestyle | v1.23.36

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the unencrypted communication used by the YONO SBI: Banking & Lifestyle app. When a user interacts with the app, their data is transmitted in plaintext, allowing anyone who intercepts the communication to read and manipulate the data. This lack of encryption allows an attacker to execute a man-in-the-middle attack, where they can intercept and alter the communication between the user and the bank’s servers. This could lead to unauthorized transactions, leak of personal and financial information, and even compromise of the user’s banking account.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual representation of the vulnerability being exploited. This is an oversimplified example and does not represent the actual complexity of a real-world attack.

GET /account_details HTTP/1.1
Host: yono.sbi
User-Agent: YONO/1.23.36
{ "account_number": "1234567890" }

A malicious actor, having intercepted this unencrypted communication, could potentially manipulate or use the account details for unauthorized transactions.

Recommended Mitigations

Users are strongly advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These systems can help detect and block suspicious activities, protecting users from potential attacks. Additionally, limiting the use of online banking on unsecured networks can minimize the risk of man-in-the-middle attacks.