Author: Ameeba

CVE-2025-27203: Deserialization of Untrusted Data Vulnerability in Adobe Connect
Overview

The cybersecurity vulnerability CVE-2025-27203 poses a significant threat to Adobe Connect users running versions 24.0 and earlier. Adobe Connect, a widely used communication platform, could be leveraged to execute arbitrary code by an attacker, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage. This vulnerability is particularly dangerous because of its high CVSS Severity Score and the necessity for immediate mitigation to protect sensitive data and maintain system integrity.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-27203
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.6)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Arbitrary code execution, potential system compromise, and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Adobe Connect | 24.0 and earlier

How the Exploit Works

The exploit leverages a Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability in Adobe Connect. This vulnerability is due to insecure deserialization, where an attacker could manipulate serialized (or deserialized) data and use it to pass harmful input into the application, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution. In this case, an attacker can trigger the vulnerability through user interaction, such as enticing a user to click on a malicious link or open a compromised file, leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This code represents a malicious serialized object that, when deserialized, could lead to the execution of arbitrary code:
```
POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/serialized-object
{ "serialized_object": "rO0ABXNyABdqYXZhLnV0aWwucHJv..." }
```
In this example, the `serialized_object` is a base64 encoded serialized Java object that, when deserialized, could lead to execution of arbitrary code.

Mitigation and Remediation

Adobe has released a patch to address this vulnerability. All users running Adobe Connect version 24.0 or earlier should apply this patch immediately. If immediate patching is not possible, users should consider implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure. These systems can detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability, providing a layer of defense until patching can be performed.
July 15, 2025
CVE-2025-4606: Privilege Escalation Vulnerability in Sala – Startup & SaaS WordPress Theme
Overview
The discovery of a security vulnerability in the popular Sala – Startup & SaaS WordPress Theme has raised alarm among the cybersecurity community. This vulnerability, assigned CVE-2025-4606, allows unauthenticated attackers to escalate their privileges via account takeover, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage. Given the widespread usage of this theme among startups and SaaS businesses, this vulnerability poses a significant risk. It’s imperative for affected users to understand the details of this flaw and take immediate steps to mitigate its impact.
Vulnerability Summary
CVE ID: CVE-2025-4606
Severity: Critical (9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized access to user accounts and potential system compromise or data leakage
Affected Products
Product | Affected Versions

Sala – Startup & SaaS WordPress Theme | All versions up to and including 1.1.4
How the Exploit Works
The vulnerability stems from the theme’s failure to correctly validate a user’s identity before updating their details, including the password. This omission allows an unauthenticated attacker to submit a request to change any user’s password, including administrators. Once the password is changed, the attacker can gain access to the user’s account, escalating their privileges to that of the targeted user.
Conceptual Example Code
The following is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. Here, a malicious HTTP POST request is made to the password update endpoint of the target server, forcing the update of an arbitrary user’s password:
```
POST /wp-admin/password-update HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "user_id": "admin", "new_password": "malicious_password" }
```
In this scenario, the `user_id` field is set to the targeted user, and the `new_password` field is set to the attacker’s chosen password. Upon successful execution, the attacker would have full access to the targeted user’s account.
Mitigation Guidance
The most effective way to mitigate this vulnerability is by applying the vendor’s patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, users can make use of Web Application Firewalls (WAF) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) to monitor and block suspicious activities. Also, implementing measures such as multi-factor authentication and regularly monitoring account activities can help reduce the risk of unauthorized access.
July 15, 2025
CVE-2025-7206: Critical Stack-Based Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in D-Link DIR-825 2.10
Overview

The CVE-2025-7206 is a critical vulnerability found in the D-Link DIR-825 2.10, a popular network device. This vulnerability, if exploited, can lead to a system compromise or data leakage. The issue lies within the function sub_410DDC of the file switch_language.cgi of the component httpd. It specifically affects the argument ‘Language’, leading to a stack-based buffer overflow. This vulnerability is particularly concerning as the exploit has been disclosed publicly and can be remotely initiated.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-7206
Severity: Critical (CVSS score 9.8)
Attack Vector: Remote network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

D-Link DIR-825 | 2.10

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by manipulating the ‘Language’ argument of the function sub_410DDC in the file switch_language.cgi. This leads to a buffer overflow condition where the stack memory is overwritten. Once the attacker successfully overflows the buffer, they can execute arbitrary code in the context of the system. This can potentially lead to a complete system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a pseudocode example of a malicious HTTP request:
```
POST /switch_language.cgi HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Language=AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA.......
```
In this example, the ‘A’s represent an overly long string used to overflow the buffer. After the buffer is overflowed, an attacker could replace some of these ‘A’s with malicious code that would be executed in the context of the system.

Mitigation

The most effective way to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the patch provided by the vendor. However, as D-Link DIR-825 2.10 is no longer supported by the maintainer, users may need to seek other mitigation strategies. Using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These systems can detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. However, they are not a permanent solution and cannot completely eliminate the risk. Upgrading to a supported version or product is highly recommended.
July 15, 2025
CVE-2025-4855: Unauthorized Access Vulnerability in Support Board Plugin for WordPress
Overview

This blog post shines a light on a critical vulnerability – CVE-2025-4855, that resides in the Support Board plugin for WordPress. This vulnerability could potentially compromise the security of numerous WordPress websites, by allowing unauthorized access, modification, or deletion of data. It is crucial for system administrators, website owners, and cybersecurity professionals to understand the details of this vulnerability, as it has a high severity score and could lead to significant data leakage or system compromise if exploited.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-4855
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized access, modification, or deletion of data, potential system compromise, and data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Support Board plugin for WordPress | All versions up to and including 3.8.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the sb_encryption() function of the Support Board plugin. This function uses hardcoded default secrets, which can be exploited by attackers to bypass authorization. The vulnerability allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary AJAX actions defined in the sb_ajax_execute() function. This could enable an attacker to exploit CVE-2025-4828 and other functions without authentication.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. An attacker could craft malicious HTTP requests that use the hardcoded secrets to bypass the authorization process.
```
POST /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=sb_ajax_execute HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
sb_encryption_key=hardcoded_secret&sb_action=malicious_action&sb_data=malicious_data
```
Mitigation and Recommendations

To mitigate this vulnerability, users of the affected plugin should apply the vendor patch as soon as possible. Until the patch is applied, users can use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure.
It is also recommended to regularly update all software and plugins to their latest versions. Regular monitoring and auditing of system logs can help in early detection of any unauthorized access attempts.
In the longer term, developers should avoid the use of hardcoded secrets in their code, as they present an inherent security risk. Instead, the use of dynamic secrets or secure secret management systems should be considered.
July 15, 2025
CVE-2025-3498: Unauthenticated User Access and Modification of Radiflow iSAP Smart Collector Configuration
Overview

The CVE-2025-3498 vulnerability is a significant cybersecurity issue that impacts users of the Radiflow iSAP Smart Collector (CentOS 7 – VSAP 1.20). This vulnerability allows an unauthenticated user with management network access to retrieve and modify the device’s configuration, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage. Given the widespread usage of the Radiflow iSAP Smart Collector in various industries, it’s crucial to understand the severity of this vulnerability, assess its potential impact, and implement necessary mitigation strategies.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-3498
Severity: Critical (9.9 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Radiflow iSAP Smart Collector | CentOS 7 – VSAP 1.20

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from the device’s two web servers that expose unauthenticated REST APIs on the management network (TCP ports 8084 and 8086). An attacker can exploit these APIs to access all system settings, modify the configuration, and execute certain commands, such as a system reboot.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. Note that this is a simplified example and does not include all potential complexities of a real-world attack scenario.
```
POST /api/v1/settings HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com:8084
Content-Type: application/json
{
"system_settings": {
"reboot": true
}
}
```
In this example, the attacker crafts a malicious HTTP POST request to the system settings endpoint of the REST API, requesting a system reboot. Since the API does not require authentication, this request is processed, leading to a system reboot.

Mitigation Guidance

Users of the affected Radiflow iSAP Smart Collector version are advised to apply the vendor’s patch to fix this vulnerability. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, users should consider using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation strategy. These systems can detect and block malicious network traffic, preventing exploitation of the vulnerability.
July 15, 2025
CVE-2025-3499: Unauthenticated REST APIs Expose System to OS Command Injection Attacks
Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-3499 is a critical security issue affecting devices that run two web servers with unauthenticated REST APIs on the management network. This flaw allows potential attackers to send arbitrary commands that get executed with administrative permissions by the underlying operating system. The risk is particularly high due to the lack of authentication required for accessing the REST APIs, making it an attractive target for malicious actors. It’s essential to understand the nature of this flaw, its potential impacts, and the steps required to mitigate it to protect the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of the affected systems.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-3499
Severity: Critical (10.0 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

[Device running two web servers with unauthenticated REST APIs] | [All versions prior to the patch]

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the unauthenticated REST APIs exposed on TCP ports 8084 and 8086 by the device’s two web servers. An attacker can craft and send malicious OS commands to these APIs. Since these commands are executed with administrative permissions, the attacker can potentially take complete control of the system, manipulate its functionalities, or extract sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a
conceptual
example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a sample HTTP request directed towards the vulnerable endpoint:
```
POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "rm -rf / --no-preserve-root" }
```
In this example, the “malicious_payload” is an OS command that, when executed, deletes all files in the system. A real-world attack would likely be more sophisticated and targeted, but this demonstrates the potential severity of this vulnerability.
Please note that this is a hypothetical example and should not be used on any live system. It is intended only to illustrate the nature of this vulnerability.

Mitigation Guidance

The recommended solution is to apply the patch provided by the vendor. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation method. Ensure these systems are configured to block or alert on suspicious traffic directed towards the vulnerable endpoints (TCP ports 8084 and 8086). Regularly update and patch your systems to protect against such vulnerabilities.
July 15, 2025
CVE-2025-4828: Arbitrary File Deletion Vulnerability in Support Board Plugin for WordPress
Overview

In this post, we’re going to discuss a critical vulnerability found in the Support Board plugin for WordPress, identified as CVE-2025-4828. This security flaw allows an attacker to delete arbitrary files on the server due to insufficient file path validation. The vulnerability affects all versions up to and including 3.8.0 of the plugin. Given WordPress’s widespread use, this vulnerability could have a significant impact on a vast array of websites, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-4828
Severity: Critical (9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Support Board Plugin for WordPress | Up to and including 3.8.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the sb_file_delete function where there is insufficient file path validation. This allows an attacker to send a specially crafted request to delete arbitrary files on the server, such as the wp-config.php file. The deletion of this file can lead to remote code execution. Furthermore, an attacker can exploit this vulnerability unauthenticated, leveraging the CVE-2025-4855 vulnerability.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of a malicious HTTP request that could exploit this vulnerability:
```
POST /sb_file_delete HTTP/1.1
Host: victimwebsite.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
file_path=../wp-config.php
```
In this example, an attacker sends a POST request to the sb_file_delete endpoint, specifying the relative path to the wp-config.php file in the ‘file_path’ parameter. This could result in the deletion of the wp-config.php file, leading to potential remote code execution.

Mitigation Guidance

Users can apply a patch provided by the vendor to fix this vulnerability. In the absence of a patch, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used to temporarily mitigate the risk. These systems should be configured to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability, such as requests to the sb_file_delete endpoint with a suspicious ‘file_path’ parameter.
July 15, 2025
CVE-2025-49533: Adobe Experience Manager Deserialization of Untrusted Data Vulnerability
Overview

The software industry is on high alert due to the discovery of a new high-severity vulnerability, CVE-2025-49533. This vulnerability affects Adobe Experience Manager (AEM) versions 6.5.23.0 and earlier. Notably, this vulnerability does not require user interaction to be exploited and could potentially lead to arbitrary code execution by an attacker. This issue is of high concern as it directly threatens the integrity of systems, the confidentiality of data, and the availability of services provided by Adobe Experience Manager.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49533
Severity: Critical, CVSS Score: 9.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Adobe Experience Manager | 6.5.23.0 and earlier versions

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the deserialization of untrusted data. Deserialization is the process of converting data from a flat format into an object. If untrusted data is deserialized, it could lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending maliciously crafted data to a vulnerable application. Once this data is deserialized, it can trigger the execution of arbitrary code, leading to potential system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

The exploit would be carried out over the network, potentially via a malicious HTTP request. Here’s a conceptual example of how an HTTP request exploiting this vulnerability might look:
```
POST /aem/api/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/java-serialized-object
{ "serialized_object": "base64_encoded_malicious_object" }
```
In this example, the attacker sends an HTTP POST request to a vulnerable endpoint on the target system. The `Content-Type` header indicates that the request body contains a serialized Java object. The serialized object, when deserialized by the vulnerable application, could lead to arbitrary code execution.

Mitigation and Remediation

The most effective mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-supplied patch. Adobe has been made aware of this vulnerability and has issued a patch to fix it. Organizations using Adobe Experience Manager should update to the latest version as soon as possible. As a temporary measure, organizations can also implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. However, this should be seen as an interim solution until the patch can be applied.
In conclusion, CVE-2025-49533 is a critical vulnerability that can lead to potential system compromise and data leakage, and needs urgent attention. Organizations are advised to adopt a proactive approach and apply the patch as soon as possible to mitigate the risk associated with this vulnerability.
July 15, 2025
CVE-2025-37103: Hard-coded Login Credentials Vulnerability in HPE Networking Instant On Access Points
Overview

CVE-2025-37103 is a critical security flaw found in HPE Networking Instant On Access Points. This vulnerability arises from hard-coded login credentials within the devices, which could allow any attacker with knowledge of these credentials to bypass the standard device authentication process. The significance of this vulnerability lies in its potential to grant a remote attacker administrative access to the system. As a result, organizations that use these devices face a heightened risk of system compromise or data leakage, which can have far-reaching consequences, including regulatory penalties, reputational damage, and loss of customer trust.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-37103
Severity: Critical (CVSS Score: 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

HPE Networking Instant On Access Points | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the hard-coded login credentials present in the devices. An attacker with knowledge of these credentials could use them to authenticate with the device over a network. This process bypasses the standard authentication procedure, granting the attacker administrative access to the system. From there, the attacker has the ability to modify system settings, access sensitive data, or even control the network traffic.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using a network-based attack:
```
GET /admin/login HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Authorization: Basic [HardCodedCredentialsBase64]
```
In this example, the `HardCodedCredentialsBase64` is the Base64-encoded hard-coded username and password. By sending this HTTP request, the attacker would be authenticated as an administrator and gain full access to the system.

Recommended Mitigation

The primary method to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch as soon as possible. HPE has released a patch that removes the hard-coded credentials from the devices. Until the patch can be applied, a temporary mitigation strategy would be to use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to monitor and block suspicious network traffic. Additionally, organizations should ensure that access to the devices is limited to trusted networks and that strong, unique passwords are used for all device logins.
July 15, 2025
CVE-2025-40738: Critical Arbitrary File Write Vulnerability in SINEC NMS
Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-40738 is a critical security flaw affecting SINEC NMS, which potentially exposes the systems to significant risks. This vulnerability is a particular concern for system administrators and security professionals because SINEC NMS is widely used in various industries for network management. The flaw leverages the application’s improper validation of file paths when extracting uploaded ZIP files, allowing attackers to write arbitrary files to restricted locations and potentially execute code with elevated privileges. This loophole can compromise the system and lead to data leakage, hence warranting immediate attention.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-40738
Severity: Critical (8.8 CVSS)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Compromise of system and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

SINEC NMS | All versions < V4.0 How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from the application’s failure to accurately validate file paths when extracting uploaded ZIP files. An attacker can exploit this by uploading a specially crafted ZIP file with a manipulated file path. When the system extracts the ZIP file, the attacker’s file is written to an arbitrary, restricted location. If the location is within a PATH directory or if it overwrites a sensitive file, the attacker might be able to execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the application.

Conceptual Example Code

This is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. The attacker crafts a ZIP file that, when extracted, writes a malicious file to a restricted location.
```
$ zip malicious.zip -r .
$ echo "echo 'malicious_code' > /restricted/path/to/file" > payload.sh
$ zip malicious.zip payload.sh
```
Then, the attacker would upload this ZIP file to the vulnerable endpoint.
```
POST /upload/zip HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/zip
Content-Length: [length of zip file]
[binary data of zip file]
```
If the server is configured to automatically extract uploaded ZIP files to a directory within its PATH, the payload script could be executed, leading to arbitrary code execution.

Mitigation

The immediate mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-provided patch. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to monitor and filter out malicious payloads. Regularly review and update security policies to ensure the system is protected against such vulnerabilities.
July 15, 2025