Author: Ameeba

CVE-2025-10432: Critical Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in Tenda AC1206
Overview

Cybersecurity researchers have recently discovered a serious vulnerability in the Tenda AC1206 router, specifically in version 15.03.06.23. This vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-10432, is located in the HTTP Request Handler component, which could potentially allow remote attackers to compromise systems and leak sensitive data. The gravity of this cybersecurity issue is underlined by its high CVSS Severity Score of 9.8, indicating a critical level of risk. Given that Tenda routers are widely used across various sectors, this vulnerability could have far-reaching implications if not promptly addressed.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-10432
Severity: Critical (CVSS 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tenda AC1206 | 15.03.06.23

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability in question resides in the check_param_changed function of the file /goform/AdvSetMacMtuWa. By manipulating the ‘wanMTU’ argument, attackers can trigger a stack-based buffer overflow. This overflow, in turn, can lead to arbitrary code execution, potentially giving the attacker control over the system. Since the exploit can be remotely triggered, the attacker does not need physical access to the device.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. This example illustrates an HTTP POST request that sends a malicious payload to trigger the buffer overflow.
```
POST /goform/AdvSetMacMtuWa HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
wanMTU=65536&malicious_payload=AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA...
```
In this hypothetical scenario, the ‘wanMTU’ parameter is set to a value that exceeds the allocated buffer size and the ‘malicious_payload’ contains a string of ‘A’s, which could be replaced with any other data designed to overrun the buffer and execute malicious code.

Mitigation and Remediation

To mitigate against this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor’s patch as soon as it becomes available. In the interim, deploying a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation method by detecting and blocking attempts to exploit this vulnerability. It is also recommended that organizations monitor their network traffic for any signs of unusual activity, as this could indicate an attempted or successful exploit.
September 19, 2025
CVE-2025-10452: High Severity Missing Authentication Vulnerability in Gotac’s Statistical Database System
Overview

In today’s data-driven world, vulnerabilities in database systems can pose severe threats to organizations and their valuable data. The latest to join this list is CVE-2025-10452, a major flaw in the Statistical Database System developed by Gotac. This vulnerability is of particular concern as it allows unauthenticated remote attackers to read, modify, and delete database contents with high-level privileges. Given the gravity of the potential impact, which includes system compromise and data leakage, it is imperative for affected organizations to understand and address this security flaw promptly.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-10452
Severity: Critical (CVSS Score: 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorised access to sensitive data, database modification, and deletion

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Gotac Statistical Database System | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

The exploitation of this vulnerability primarily stems from a lack of proper authentication mechanisms in the Statistical Database System. Attackers can exploit this flaw remotely without requiring any user interaction or privileges. By sending specially crafted packets to the target system, they can bypass the authentication process and gain high-level access to the database. This access can enable them to read, modify, or even delete the database contents, leading to potentially catastrophic consequences for the affected organization.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a hypothetical HTTP request that sends a malicious payload to the vulnerable endpoint.
```
POST /vulnerable_endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "bypass_authentication" }
```
Mitigation and Prevention

The most recommended solution to this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-provided patch at the earliest opportunity. This will update the system’s security and eliminate the vulnerability, protecting the database from potential unauthorized access.
In cases where immediate patching is not feasible, organizations can use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure. These tools can help detect and block malicious traffic targeting the vulnerability. However, they are not a permanent solution and should be supplemented with the application of the vendor patch as soon as possible.
In conclusion, the CVE-2025-10452 vulnerability presents a significant security risk. As such, it is of vital importance that affected organizations take immediate steps to secure their systems.
September 19, 2025
CVE-2025-54910: Exploiting Heap-based Buffer Overflow in Microsoft Office
Overview

The vulnerability in question, CVE-2025-54910, is a serious security flaw in Microsoft Office that could allow an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally. This vulnerability is particularly dangerous because it affects a wide range of users, given the wide usage of Microsoft Office across various industries worldwide. The potential impact of this vulnerability is significant, as it could lead to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-54910
Severity: High (CVSS 8.4)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Unauthorized code execution, potential system compromise, and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Microsoft Office | All versions prior to the latest security patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the way Microsoft Office handles memory allocation for certain tasks. By creating a specially crafted document, an attacker can cause a heap-based buffer overflow when the document is opened. This overflow can allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current user. If the current user is logged on with administrative rights, the attacker could take control of the affected system, leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is pseudocode for creating a malicious document:
```
Create new Document
Embed malicious code into Document properties
Save Document as .docx
```
When the document is opened, the malicious code is executed causing a heap-based buffer overflow, which could allow further malicious actions.
It is important to note that this is a simplified example. In reality, exploiting this vulnerability would require a deep understanding of memory management and the inner workings of Microsoft Office.

Recommended Mitigations

Microsoft has released a patch that addresses this vulnerability. Users are strongly advised to update their Microsoft Office to the latest version. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, users can consider using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and prevent attempts to exploit this vulnerability. These are temporary mitigations and the patch should be applied as soon as possible.
September 19, 2025
CVE-2025-6454: Authenticated User Exploit in GitLab CE/EE through Proxy Environments
Overview

The GitLab CE/EE environment has been discovered to have a notable vulnerability that could potentially compromise systems and lead to data leakage. This vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-6454, affects multiple versions of the GitLab software, and its severity underscores the importance of immediate mitigation. This issue is particularly impactful as it targets a widely used platform, GitLab, which is a critical tool for developers worldwide. The far-reaching implications of this vulnerability make it a matter of paramount concern for cybersecurity professionals, system administrators, and organizations that rely on GitLab for their operations.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-6454
Severity: High (8.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: User
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

GitLab CE | 16.11-18.1.5, 18.2-18.2.5, 18.3-18.3.1
GitLab EE | 16.11-18.1.5, 18.2-18.2.5, 18.3-18.3.1

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability CVE-2025-6454 allows authenticated users to inject carefully crafted sequences into the system through proxy environments. This exploitation can lead to unintended internal requests in the GitLab CE/EE environment that can potentially compromise the system or lead to data leakage. This vulnerability is especially concerning because the exploit can be triggered by any authenticated user, not just those with higher-level privileges.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a
conceptual
example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This example shows how an authenticated user might send a malicious payload to a vulnerable endpoint in the GitLab environment.
```
POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"injected_sequence": "Crafted sequence here..."
}
```
Mitigation Guidance

In order to mitigate this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as possible. If immediate patching is not feasible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. However, these should only be considered as temporary solutions; applying the vendor patch should always be the ultimate goal to fully resolve the vulnerability. Regularly updating software to the latest version is also a good preventive measure against such vulnerabilities.
September 19, 2025
CVE-2025-58761: Critical Path Traversal Vulnerability in Tautulli v2.15.3 and Prior
Overview

The vulnerability dubbed CVE-2025-58761 is a significant security flaw discovered in Tautulli, a Python-based monitoring and tracking tool employed by Plex Media Server. This vulnerability could potentially affect millions of users worldwide who use Plex Media Server for multimedia sharing and streaming. The gravity of this threat lies in its potential to give unauthenticated attackers the ability to read arbitrary files from the application server’s filesystem. If exploited, this vulnerability could lead to system compromise and data leakage, putting sensitive user information at risk.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-58761
Severity: High – CVSS Score 8.6
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tautulli | v2.15.3 and Prior

How the Exploit Works

The `real_pms_image_proxy` endpoint in Tautulli v2.15.3 and prior is susceptible to a path traversal attack. The endpoint is designed to fetch an image directly from the Plex Media Server. The image to be fetched is specified through an `img` URL parameter, which can either be a URL or a file path. However, an attacker can bypass the validation process by starting the `img` parameter with a valid prefix, then adjoining path traversal characters to reach files outside of intended directories. By exploiting this vulnerability, an attacker can exfiltrate files on the application file system, including the `config.ini` file containing the hashed admin password and the `tautulli.db` SQLite database containing active JWT tokens.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a hypothetical example of how an attacker could exploit this vulnerability using an HTTP request:
```
GET /real_pms_image_proxy?img=interfaces/default/images/../../../../../etc/passwd HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
```
In this example, the attacker appends path traversal characters to the `img` parameter, attempting to fetch the `/etc/passwd` file, which is a sensitive file on Unix-based systems.

Impact of the Exploit

If the vulnerability is successfully exploited, an attacker could gain administrative control over the application. This could lead to a range of harmful outcomes, including unauthorized access to sensitive user data and the potential to manipulate or corrupt system files and data, leading to system instability or failure.

Suggested Remediation

The recommended solution to this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-supplied patch, which is available in version 2.16.0 of Tautulli. Until the patch can be applied, it’s advised to use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability.
September 19, 2025
CVE-2025-58760: Path Traversal Vulnerability in Tautulli’s `/image` API Endpoint
Overview

At the intersection of entertainment and technology, Tautulli, a Python-based tool for monitoring and tracking Plex Media Server, has been identified to harbor a serious vulnerability (CVE-2025-58760). This vulnerability affects Tautulli version 2.15.3 and earlier and poses a significant risk to system security and data integrity. The issue rests on the `/image` API endpoint, which is susceptible to path traversal, allowing unauthenticated attackers to read arbitrary files from the server’s filesystem.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-58760
Severity: High (8.6 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tautulli | v2.15.3 and earlier

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the `/image` API endpoint, used to serve static images from Tautulli’s data directory to its users. Since the endpoint can be accessed without authentication, it becomes a lucrative target for attackers. By exploiting the path traversal vulnerability, attackers can read arbitrary files from the application server’s filesystem, including the `tautulli.db` SQLite database and `config.ini` file. The former contains active JWT tokens, while the latter houses the hashed admin password, JWT token secret, and Plex Media Server token and connection details.
Once an attacker gets hold of these files, they can potentially crack the password or use a valid JWT token obtained from the database. This could lead to privilege escalation, enabling the attacker to gain administrative control over the application.

Conceptual Example Code

An attacker could craft a malicious request to exploit this vulnerability, as demonstrated in the conceptual example below:
```
GET /image/../../tautulli.db HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
```
Mitigation

The best mitigation strategy against this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch, available in Tautulli version 2.16.0. If it’s not possible to update immediately, employing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) could serve as temporary mitigation. These systems can be configured to block or alert on suspicious requests that match path traversal patterns.
September 19, 2025
CVE-2025-54256: Cross-Site Request Forgery Vulnerability in Dreamweaver Desktop
Overview

The CVE-2025-54256 is a critical cybersecurity vulnerability that affects Dreamweaver Desktop versions 21.5 and earlier. This Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability has the potential to lead to arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user, posing a significant risk to both individual users and businesses that rely on the software. The severity of this vulnerability is amplified by the fact that it necessitates only a single click on a malicious link by the victim, thereby changing the scope of the vulnerability. This makes it a high-risk issue that warrants immediate attention and remediation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-54256
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.6)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Dreamweaver Desktop | 21.5 and earlier

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-54256 vulnerability stems from an oversight in Dreamweaver Desktop’s handling of CSRF attacks. This flaw could allow an attacker to trick a victim into executing unwanted actions on a web application in which they’re authenticated. If the victim clicks on a malicious link provided by the attacker, it can result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. This could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage, depending on the level of permissions associated with the affected user account.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited using a malicious HTTP request. The attacker creates a link that, when clicked, sends a POST request to the vulnerable endpoint:
```
POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "<script>/* Arbitrary code */</script>" }
```
The victim unknowingly triggers the CSRF attack by clicking on the malicious link, causing the arbitrary code to be executed in their context. This could lead to a system compromise or data leakage, depending on the nature of the executed code and the permissions of the affected user account.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate the CVE-2025-54256 vulnerability, users should apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. Alternatively, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation strategy. These tools can help detect and block malicious HTTP requests, thereby protecting the system from CSRF attacks. However, users should still apply the vendor patch as soon as possible for the most effective long-term protection.
September 19, 2025
CVE-2025-36222: IBM Fusion’s Insecure Default Configuration Exploitation
Overview

In the ever-evolving landscape of cybersecurity, keeping track of the latest vulnerabilities remains a top priority. One such vulnerability, CVE-2025-36222, has been identified in the IBM Fusion series, including IBM Fusion 2.2.0 through 2.10.1, IBM Fusion HCI 2.2.0 through 2.10.0, and IBM Fusion HCI for Watsonx 2.8.2 through 2.10.0. This vulnerability arises due to insecure default configurations, potentially exposing AMQStreams without client authentication. If exploited, this vulnerability could allow an attacker to perform unauthorized actions. With the potential for system compromise or data leakage, this vulnerability should not be taken lightly.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-36222
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.7)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

IBM Fusion | 2.2.0 – 2.10.1
IBM Fusion HCI | 2.2.0 – 2.10.0
IBM Fusion HCI for Watsonx | 2.8.2 – 2.10.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises due to IBM Fusion’s default configurations, which do not adequately secure AMQStreams. This lack of client authentication can potentially expose AMQStreams to unauthorized access and manipulation. An attacker, with access to the network, could exploit this vulnerability by sending specially crafted requests to the AMQStreams interface, thereby performing unauthorized actions. Such actions could result in system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This example represents a malicious HTTP request:
```
POST /amqstreams HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "Perform Unauthorized Action" }
```
In this example, the attacker sends a POST request to the AMQStreams interface (`/amqstreams`). The `malicious_payload` in the request could contain a command or set of instructions designed to exploit the insecure configuration, leading to unauthorized actions.
Please note, this is a conceptual example and does not represent a real-world exploit. Actual exploitation of this vulnerability may require a deep understanding of the system architecture and advanced knowledge in network security.

Mitigation Guidance

IBM has released patches to address this vulnerability, and users are strongly advised to apply these updates immediately. In cases where immediate patching is not feasible, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure. Regularly monitor system and network activity for any signs of intrusion. As a long-term solution, consider revising default configurations to ensure robust security settings and to minimize potential attack surfaces.
September 19, 2025
CVE-2025-10385: Critical Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in Mercury KM08-708H GiGA WiFi Wave2 1.1
Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has identified a significant security vulnerability, CVE-2025-10385, within the Mercury KM08-708H GiGA WiFi Wave2 version 1.1. This vulnerability pertains to a buffer overflow issue that can be triggered through the manipulation of the ChgUserId argument in the file /goform/mcr_setSysAdm. This vulnerability is of particular concern due to its potential for remote exploitation. Considering the widespread use of Mercury’s WiFi systems, this vulnerability could affect many users and businesses.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-10385
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Mercury KM08-708H GiGA WiFi Wave2 | 1.1

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a buffer overflow condition in the function sub_450B2C of the file /goform/mcr_setSysAdm. This condition is triggered when an attacker sends an unusually large ChgUserId argument, which the system doesn’t properly handle. This overflow can then potentially lead to arbitrary code execution, thereby compromising the system or leading to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability using an HTTP POST request:
```
POST /goform/mcr_setSysAdm HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
ChgUserId=AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA...
```
In this example, the ChgUserId argument is filled with an excessively large string of “A”s. This string overflows the buffer, causing the system to behave unpredictably and possibly executing arbitrary code.

Mitigation and Patching

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is recommended that users apply the vendor-provided patch as soon as possible. If the patch is not immediately available or cannot be installed promptly, users may employ a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary countermeasure to prevent potential exploits.
September 19, 2025
CVE-2025-10265: Digiever NVR OS Command Injection Vulnerability
Overview

The CVE-2025-10265 is a critical vulnerability discovered in certain models of Network Video Recorders (NVR) developed by Digiever. This vulnerability has the potential to allow authenticated remote attackers to inject arbitrary Operating System (OS) commands that can be executed on the device. Given that NVRs are typically used for surveillance purposes, such a breach could potentially result in unauthorized access to sensitive data, posing a significant threat to user privacy and security.
The significance of this vulnerability cannot be overstated. With an increasing number of businesses and individuals relying on surveillance systems for security, the compromise of such systems not only poses risks of data theft but also threatens physical security by disrupting surveillance operations.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-10265
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS Severity Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Digiever NVR | All versions prior to vendor patch

How the Exploit Works

The exploit operates by utilizing the OS Command Injection vulnerability in the Digiever NVR. Once the attacker has authenticated access, they can inject arbitrary OS commands into the system. This is typically done via the device’s web interface, which does not sufficiently sanitize user-supplied inputs. These unsanitized inputs can then be executed by the system, allowing the attacker to execute arbitrary commands, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how an HTTP request exploiting this vulnerability might look. Bear in mind, this is only a hypothetical example for illustration purposes:
```
POST /nvr_interface HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
Authorization: Bearer <authenticated_token>
{ "os_command": "; rm -rf /" }
```
In this example, the malicious `os_command` value is prefixed with a semicolon, which allows it to run as a separate command in many operating systems. The command `rm -rf /` is a destructive command that, if executed, would delete all files on the system.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate the vulnerability, users of affected models are strongly advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. As a temporary mitigation measure until the patch can be applied, users can employ a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to help detect and prevent attempts to exploit this vulnerability.
September 19, 2025