Author: Ameeba

Overview

Today we will be discussing the recently disclosed vulnerability, CVE-2025-21486, which represents a severe memory corruption issue arising during dynamic process creation. This vulnerability is particularly concerning as it can lead to potential system compromise and data leakage. It is particularly prevalent in systems where the client passes only the address and length of shell binary during dynamic process creation. The severity of this vulnerability lies in the fact that it can be exploited to manipulate the host system’s memory, thereby exposing sensitive data or allowing unauthorized system access.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-21486
Severity: High (7.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Product A | All versions up to 1.5.2
Product B | All versions up to 3.7.1

How the Exploit Works

This vulnerability stems from a lack of proper input validation during dynamic process creation. Specifically, when a client passes only the address and length of shell binary, the system does not properly validate or sanitize these inputs. This lack of input validation can lead to memory corruption, as malicious actors can inject code or manipulate memory addresses to compromise the system or leak data.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. In this case, a malicious actor sends a shell binary with manipulated addresses to the vulnerable system:

#!/bin/bash
# Malicious shell binary
echo -en "\x90\x90\x90\x90" # NOP sled
echo -en "\x31\xc0\x50\x68" # Shellcode payload
echo -en "\x2f\x2f\x73\x68" # Shellcode payload continued
echo -en "\x68\x2f\x62\x69" # Shellcode payload continued
echo -en "\x89\xe3\x50\x53" # Shellcode payload continued
echo -en "\x89\xe1\x31\xd2" # Shellcode payload continued
echo -en "\xb0\x0b\xcd\x80" # Shellcode payload continued

Mitigation

The best way to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the vendor’s patch. If a patch is not immediately available, implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. These systems can help to detect and block malicious traffic attempting to exploit this vulnerability. Additionally, it is recommended to enforce strict input validation and sanitization during dynamic process creation.

Overview

The cybersecurity community has recently identified a significant privilege escalation vulnerability within the login.php functionality of MedDream PACS Premium version 7.3.3.840. This vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-27724, allows attackers to gain elevated privileges within the system, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. Given the critical nature of medical imaging systems like MedDream PACS Premium in healthcare infrastructure, this vulnerability poses a serious threat to both the integrity of healthcare data and the continuity of essential medical services.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-27724
Severity: Critical (9.3 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: File upload
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

MedDream PACS Premium | 7.3.3.840

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a lack of proper file validation mechanisms in the login.php functionality of the affected software. Leveraging this, an attacker can upload a specially crafted .php file that can lead to elevated capabilities. This malicious file, once uploaded, can be executed to gain higher privileges within the system. This ability to escalate privileges can lead to unauthorized access, potential system compromise, or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This hypothetical HTTP request includes a malicious payload in the form of a .php file which, upon execution, can enable the attacker to escalate their privileges:

POST /login.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="malicious.php"
Content-Type: application/x-php
<?php
// malicious PHP code
?>
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW--

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users of MedDream PACS Premium are strongly advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In case the patch is not immediately available, or if systems cannot be patched immediately, deploying a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation by identifying and blocking attempts to exploit this vulnerability. Regularly updating and patching your systems is a critical part of maintaining cybersecurity hygiene.

Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has recently identified a significant security vulnerability, CVE-2025-30133, within the IROAD Dashcam FX2 devices. This vulnerability allows attackers to bypass device pairing and registration to gain unauthorized access. As dashcam devices, such as the IROAD Dashcam FX2, are often used to record sensitive information, this vulnerability poses a serious threat to user privacy and data security. It’s crucial to understand the nature of this vulnerability and how it can be mitigated to preserve the integrity of your systems and protect user data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-30133
Severity: Critical (9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

IROAD Dashcam FX2 | All versions before the vendor patch

How the Exploit Works

The underlying issue of CVE-2025-30133 lies in the device’s HTTP server, which operates without the restriction of required device registration via the “IROAD X View” app. Once an attacker connects to the dashcam’s Wi-Fi network using the default password (“qwertyuiop”), they can directly access the HTTP server at http://192.168.10.1 without undergoing the pairing process. Moreover, the intrusion is completely silent as no alert is triggered on the device when an unauthorized user connects.

Conceptual Example Code

The following pseudocode illustrates a potential exploit of this vulnerability:

GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.10.1

In this example, an attacker would connect to the device’s Wi-Fi network using the default password. Then, they would send a simple GET request to the device’s HTTP server at http://192.168.10.1. Given the lack of required authentication, the server would likely respond with sensitive information, representing a successful exploit of CVE-2025-30133.

Remediation and Mitigation

The best way to mitigate this vulnerability is by applying the vendor patch. If the patch is not immediately available, setting up a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation. Users are strongly advised to change the default password of their device’s Wi-Fi network and regularly monitor for any unauthorized access.

Overview

A critical vulnerability has been discovered in Marbella KR8s Dashcam FF 2.0.8 devices. This vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-30124, poses a significant risk for users as it allows an attacker to access sensitive data. This issue arises when a new SD card is inserted into the dashcam, automatically storing the existing password in clear-text onto the SD card. If an attacker gains temporary access to the dashcam, they can simply switch the SD card to steal this password. The severity of this vulnerability underscores the need for robust security measures and immediate mitigation.
This vulnerability is particularly concerning as it has a high potential for system compromise or data leakage, affecting all users of Marbella KR8s Dashcam FF 2.0.8 devices. Given the prevalence of these devices, it is vital to address this vulnerability promptly to protect users’ sensitive information from falling into the wrong hands.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-30124
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Severity Score)
Attack Vector: Physical access to the device
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required (User must insert a new SD card)
Impact: System compromise, Data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Marbella KR8s Dashcam | FF 2.0.8

How the Exploit Works

This exploit takes advantage of the fact that Marbella KR8s Dashcam FF 2.0.8 devices automatically write the existing password in clear-text onto a newly inserted SD card. An attacker with temporary physical access to the device can replace the SD card and later read the stored password directly from the SD card using a standard card reader.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual shell command example showing how an attacker may read the stolen password from the SD card:

# Assume /dev/sdb is the SD card
mount /dev/sdb /mnt/sdcard
cat /mnt/sdcard/password.txt

The above command sequence mounts the SD card and reads the clear-text password from the file where the dashcam device stores it.

Overview

The vulnerability in question, identified as CVE-2025-26469, poses a significant security risk to any system running MedDream PACS Premium 7.3.3.840. The vulnerability arises due to an incorrect default permissions setting in the CServerSettings::SetRegistryValues functionality. It can allow an attacker to decrypt credentials stored in a configuration-related registry key, potentially leading to system compromise and data leakage. This vulnerability is of high importance due to the severity of the attack, which can lead to unauthorized access and control over sensitive systems.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-26469
Severity: Critical (9.3 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

MedDream PACS Premium | 7.3.3.840

How the Exploit Works

The exploit hinges on the incorrect default permissions vulnerability in the CServerSettings::SetRegistryValues functionality of MedDream PACS Premium. This flaw allows a specially crafted application to decrypt credentials stored in a configuration-related registry key. An attacker with access to the system can execute this malicious script or application, gaining unauthorized access to sensitive data and potentially compromising the system.

Conceptual Example Code

While a specific real-world example of this exploit is not provided, a conceptual representation of the exploit might look something like this:

#include <windows.h>
#include <iostream>
int main() {
HKEY hKey;
char szData[255];
DWORD BufferSize = sizeof(szData);
if(RegOpenKeyEx(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, TEXT("Software\\MedDream\\PACS"), 0, KEY_QUERY_VALUE, &hKey) == ERROR_SUCCESS) {
if(RegQueryValueEx(hKey, TEXT("Credentials"), NULL, NULL, (LPBYTE)szData, &BufferSize) == ERROR_SUCCESS) {
std::cout << "Decrypted Credentials: " << szData << std::endl;
}
RegCloseKey(hKey);
}
return 0;
}

The above pseudocode represents an application crafted to address the registry key where the credentials are stored, decrypt them, and print them out. It should be noted this is a simplified and conceptual representation, the actual exploit could be more complex and stealthy.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are strongly advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as possible to resolve this vulnerability. Until the patch can be applied, temporary mitigation measures such as using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can help to detect and prevent exploitation attempts.

Overview

The CVE-2025-52446 is a critical vulnerability found in Salesforce Tableau Server on both Windows and Linux platforms. This security flaw is categorized as an “Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key” vulnerability, which allows attackers to manipulate the interface and gain unauthorized data access to the production database cluster. This flaw can be exploited by cyber attackers to potentially compromise the system or leak sensitive data, hence posing a significant threat to organizations leveraging the Tableau Server for their data visualization needs.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-52446
Severity: High (8.0 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Salesforce Tableau Server on Windows | Before 2025.1.3
Salesforce Tableau Server on Linux | Before 2024.2.12, Before 2023.3.19

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of the vulnerably configured tab-doc API modules in the Tableau Server. An attacker can manipulate the user-controlled key to bypass the authorization process, effectively gaining unlawful access to the production database cluster. From here, the attacker can manipulate or extract sensitive data, potentially leading to a system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a hypothetical example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using a malicious HTTP request:

POST /tab-doc/api/modules HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-tableau.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{"user-controlled-key": "malicious_payload"}

In the above example, the attacker sends a POST request to the vulnerable endpoint with a malicious payload in the “user-controlled-key” parameter. If successful, the attacker would bypass the authorization process and gain access to the production database cluster.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users of the affected Tableau Server versions are advised to promptly apply the vendor-supplied patch. In cases where immediate patching is not possible, implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure to detect and block exploit attempts. Regular security audits and vulnerability assessments are also recommended to ensure the ongoing security of the system.

Overview

CVE-2025-7766 is a high-risk vulnerability that affects the Lantronix Provisioning Manager, a widely used solution for managing network devices. This vulnerability stems from the application’s handling of XML external entities in device configuration files, which can be exploited by an attacker to execute remote code on the host system without any authentication. Given the prevalence of Lantronix Provisioning Manager in enterprise settings and the severity of the threat, it is crucial for organizations to understand and address this vulnerability promptly.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-7766
Severity: High (CVSS 8.0)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Lantronix Provisioning Manager | All versions prior to patch release

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from the improper processing of XML input in the configuration files of network devices by Lantronix Provisioning Manager. By including malicious XML external entities in these configuration files, an attacker can trick the application into executing arbitrary code or accessing sensitive data on the host system. The attack can be launched remotely over a network, without any need for user interaction or authentication.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited using a malformed XML entity in a device configuration file.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<!DOCTYPE foo [
<!ELEMENT foo ANY >
<!ENTITY xxe SYSTEM "file:///etc/passwd" >]><foo>&xxe;</foo>

In this example, the entity `xxe` is defined to reference a sensitive file on the host system. When the Lantronix Provisioning Manager processes this XML, it may inadvertently expose the content of this file, leading to potential data leakage.

Recommendations

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the vendor-supplied patch as soon as it is available. In the interim, the use of a web application firewall (WAF) or intrusion detection system (IDS) can provide temporary protection by blocking malicious XML entities. Organizations are also encouraged to follow best practices for secure coding and XML processing to prevent similar vulnerabilities in the future.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is continuously evolving, and with it comes an endless stream of vulnerabilities that pose significant threats to various software products. One such vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-5997, has been recently discovered in Beamsec’s PhishPro product. This vulnerability arises from the incorrect use of Privileged APIs, leading to potential privilege abuse. It is an issue of high importance due to the severity of impact it can have, including system compromise or data leakage.
With a CVSS severity score of 8.8, this vulnerability is a serious concern for Beamsec PhishPro users, especially those using versions before 7.5.4.2. The substantial score and the potential for data leakage or system compromise underline the critical need for immediate mitigation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5997
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Beamsec PhishPro | Before 7.5.4.2

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability CVE-2025-5997 is due to the incorrect use of privileged APIs within Beamsec PhishPro. An attacker having low-level privileges can invoke these APIs, which are supposed to be accessible only to users with higher privileges. By doing so, they can potentially abuse these privileges and perform actions that are otherwise restricted.
This could lead to numerous adverse outcomes, such as the alteration of system settings or the extraction of sensitive data, resulting in potential system compromise or data leakage. The attack can be carried out over a network, and it requires user interaction, making phishing attacks a likely entry point.

Conceptual Example Code

While we won’t provide a specific exploit, here’s a conceptual HTTP request that may be sent by an attacker:

POST /privileged/api/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "api_key": "attackers_low_privilege_api_key", "command": "sensitive_action" }

In this hypothetical example, the attacker is using their low-privilege API key to invoke a sensitive action through the privileged API endpoint. This action should be restricted to higher-privilege users, but due to this vulnerability, it can be carried out by any user with an API key.

Mitigation

The vulnerability can be mitigated by applying the vendor patch provided by Beamsec for PhishPro. Users are advised to update their PhishPro to version 7.5.4.2 or later where this vulnerability has been addressed. In the absence of the ability to apply the patch immediately, users can deploy a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary measure to detect and prevent potential exploit attempts. These systems can be configured to block or alert on suspicious activities related to the misuse of privileged APIs.

Overview

The CVE-2025-6989 vulnerability is a notable cybersecurity concern that affects the Kallyas theme for WordPress, a widely-used framework for building WordPress websites. The vulnerability originates from the delete_font() function and allows attackers to delete arbitrary folders on the server due to insufficient file path validation.
This vulnerability is significant because it exposes numerous websites built using Kallyas theme to attacks that can potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage. As the vulnerability could be exploited by any authenticated user with Contributor-level access and above, it also raises concerns about insider threats.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-6989
Severity: High, CVSS score 8.1
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low (Contributor-level access)
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Kallyas WordPress Theme | Up to and including 4.21.0

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the delete_font() function in the Kallyas WordPress theme, which lacks proper file path validation. An attacker with Contributor-level access can manipulate this function to delete any folder on the server, not just the intended font folders. By deleting critical system or application folders, the attacker could cause significant disruption or even compromise the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. This pseudocode demonstrates a HTTP POST request to the delete_font() function, providing an arbitrary directory path instead of a valid font name.

POST /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=zn_delete_font HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Cookie: [authenticated session cookie]
font_name=../../../important-folder

In this example, the `font_name` parameter is manipulated to point to an arbitrary directory (`../../../important-folder`). The server, failing to validate the path properly, would delete the specified folder, potentially leading to a system compromise or data leakage.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate the risks associated with CVE-2025-6989, it is recommended to apply the vendor-provided patch as soon as possible. If this is not immediately feasible, temporary mitigation can be achieved by deploying Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) to monitor and block suspicious requests to the `zn_delete_font` action. However, this is a temporary solution and the patch should still be applied as soon as possible to avoid future exploitation.

Overview

Salesforce Tableau Server, a popular data visualization tool, has been identified with a severe vulnerability, categorized as an “Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key” flaw. This particular vulnerability, CVE-2025-52448, can allow malicious actors to manipulate the interface and gain data access to the production database cluster. This issue poses a significant threat to enterprises running affected versions of Tableau Server on Windows and Linux platforms, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-52448
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.1)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Salesforce Tableau Server on Windows | before 2025.1.3, before 2024.2.12, before 2023.3.19
Salesforce Tableau Server on Linux | before 2025.1.3, before 2024.2.12, before 2023.3.19

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from the ‘validate-initial-sql’ API modules in Tableau Server. When not properly secured, these modules can allow a user to manipulate the interface thereby bypassing authorization. This can lead to unauthorized access to sensitive data stored in the production database cluster.

Conceptual Example Code

This is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability via a HTTP POST request, sending a malicious payload to the ‘validate-initial-sql’ endpoint:

POST /validate-initial-sql HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "user-controlled-key": "malicious_payload" }

In the above scenario, the attacker sends a crafted input in the ‘user-controlled-key’ field that tricks the server into bypassing authorization checks, thereby granting the attacker access to the production database.

Mitigation and Recommendations

The most effective mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-provided patch. Salesforce has released patches for affected versions of Tableau Server. It is highly recommended that all users running affected versions update their systems immediately.
As a temporary measure, users can implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. However, these measures should not be seen as a long-term solution, as they do not address the root cause of the vulnerability.