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CVE-2025-51005: Heap-Buffer-Overflow Vulnerability in tcpreplay-4.5.1

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Overview

This report explores a critical vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-51005, that exists in the tcpliveplay utility of tcpreplay-4.5.1. The vulnerability, a heap-buffer-overflow, can potentially lead to a system compromise or data leakage, affecting any system that utilizes the said version of tcpreplay. It is an issue of significant concern due to the potential for a possible denial of service attack.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-51005
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

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Product | Affected Versions

tcpreplay | 4.5.1

How the Exploit Works

The exploit leverages a heap-buffer-overflow vulnerability in the tcpliveplay utility of the tcpreplay-4.5.1. Specifically, when a maliciously crafted pcap file is processed, the program incorrectly manages memory during the checksum calculation process in the do_checksum_math_liveplay function, located in tcpliveplay.c. This incorrect memory management can cause a buffer overflow, leading to potential system instability or a complete system crash, thereby creating a denial of service situation. In some scenarios, it could also lead to unauthorized system access or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Given below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This pseudocode demonstrates the creation and sending of a malicious pcap file:

# Create malicious pcap file
malicious_pcap = create_malicious_pcap()
# Send malicious pcap file to target
send_pcap_to_target(target_IP, malicious_pcap)

Please note that this is a conceptual example and should not be used for malicious purposes. The purpose of this example is solely to demonstrate the potential exploit scenario.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the interim, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation against potential attacks exploiting this vulnerability. Regularly updating and patching systems can help prevent such vulnerabilities from being exploited.

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Disclaimer:

The information and code presented in this article are provided for educational and defensive cybersecurity purposes only. Any conceptual or pseudocode examples are simplified representations intended to raise awareness and promote secure development and system configuration practices.

Do not use this information to attempt unauthorized access or exploit vulnerabilities on systems that you do not own or have explicit permission to test.

Ameeba and its authors do not endorse or condone malicious behavior and are not responsible for misuse of the content. Always follow ethical hacking guidelines, responsible disclosure practices, and local laws.

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