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CVE-2025-56405: Unauthorized Control of MCP Service via SSE Protocol in LitmusAutomation Litmus-MCP-Server

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Overview

This report delves into the comprehensive analysis of the CVE-2025-56405 vulnerability, which impacts the litmus-mcp-server through version 0.0.1, developed by LitmusAutomation. This vulnerability permits an unauthorized attacker to seize control of the target’s MCP service through the Server-Sent Events (SSE) protocol. This issue is highly critical due to the potential for system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-56405
Severity: High (7.5/10)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized Control, Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

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Product | Affected Versions

LitmusAutomation litmus-mcp-server | Up to and including 0.0.1

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exists due to insufficient validation of incoming network traffic on the SSE protocol. This allows an unauthorized attacker to send specially crafted SSE packets to the affected litmus-mcp-server. Upon successful exploitation, the attacker can take control of the MCP service, potentially compromising the system or leading to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This sample showcases an HTTP request that could be used to manipulate the SSE protocol.

GET /events HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Accept: text/event-stream
{ "malicious_payload": "..." }

In this example, the attacker sends a GET request to the /events endpoint, which is typically used for SSE communications. The malicious payload is included in the request, potentially resulting in unauthorized control of the MCP service.

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Disclaimer:

The information and code presented in this article are provided for educational and defensive cybersecurity purposes only. Any conceptual or pseudocode examples are simplified representations intended to raise awareness and promote secure development and system configuration practices.

Do not use this information to attempt unauthorized access or exploit vulnerabilities on systems that you do not own or have explicit permission to test.

Ameeba and its authors do not endorse or condone malicious behavior and are not responsible for misuse of the content. Always follow ethical hacking guidelines, responsible disclosure practices, and local laws.

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