Overview
This report covers a critical vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-58057, that affects the Netty framework. The Netty framework is widely used for the development of high performance protocol servers and clients. The vulnerability, present in specific versions of the framework, can lead to a Denial of Service (DoS) attack, potentially compromising systems or leading to data leakage.
Vulnerability Summary
CVE ID: CVE-2025-58057
Severity: High, CVSS score 7.5
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage
Affected Products
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Product | Affected Versions
netty-codec-compression | versions 4.1.124.Final and below
netty-codec | versions 4.2.4.Final and below
How the Exploit Works
The vulnerability lies in the BrotliDecoder and certain other decompression decoders. When these decoders are supplied with specially crafted input, they allocate a large number of reachable byte buffers, leading to excessive resource consumption. This can quickly lead to an Out Of Memory (OOM) error, resulting in denial of service.
Conceptual Example Code
The following is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. An attacker could send a series of requests with specially crafted payloads that could trigger the memory leak.
POST /netty/decoder HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/brotli
{ "malicious_payload": "specially_crafted_input" }This payload would be designed to trigger the bug in BrotliDecoder, causing it to consume excessive memory resources, potentially leading to a denial of service.
Mitigation Guidance
Users are advised to apply vendor patches immediately. The issue is fixed in versions 4.1.125.Final of netty-codec and 4.2.5.Final of netty-codec-compression. As a temporary mitigation, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to block malicious payloads can help prevent exploitation.