Overview

This report provides an in-depth analysis of the CVE-2025-4129 vulnerability, a significant security flaw identified in PAVO Inc.’s PAVO Pay system. This authorization bypass vulnerability could potentially allow an attacker to exploit trusted identifiers, leading to data leakage or complete system compromise. The issue has a considerable severity score, making it crucial for all users of the affected versions of PAVO Pay to apply necessary patches or mitigation measures.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-4129
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

PAVO Pay | Versions before 13.05.2025

How the Exploit Works

The authorization bypass vulnerability in PAVO Pay is due to the application failing to properly validate user-controlled input in the ‘key’ parameter. An attacker can manipulate the ‘key’ parameter to bypass security restrictions, enabling them to impersonate legitimate users or gain unauthorized access to sensitive data. This exploit could potentially lead to a system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a hypothetical example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. The attacker sends a crafted HTTP request to a vulnerable endpoint with a manipulated ‘key’ parameter.

POST /login HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "user_key": "malicious_key", "password": "..." }

In this example, the “malicious_key” represents the manipulated user-controlled key that allows an attacker to bypass authorization controls.

Mitigation Guidance

PAVO Inc. has released a patch to address this vulnerability. Users of PAVO Pay are strongly advised to update to version 13.05.2025 or later as soon as possible. As a temporary mitigation, users can also implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability.