Overview
This document covers the details of a post-auth SQL injection vulnerability discovered in Trend Micro Endpoint Encryption PolicyServer. This critical vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-49218, could potentially allow an attacker to escalate privileges on affected installations, leading to system compromise or data leakage. Businesses and organizations using the affected products must promptly address this issue to safeguard their digital assets.
Vulnerability Summary
CVE ID: CVE-2025-49218
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.7)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage
Affected Products
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Product | Affected Versions
Trend Micro Endpoint Encryption PolicyServer | All versions prior to patch
How the Exploit Works
The vulnerability arises due to the improper handling of user-supplied input in SQL queries by the Trend Micro Endpoint Encryption PolicyServer. An attacker with low-level privileges can manipulate SQL queries to execute arbitrary SQL code. This can result in unauthorized actions, including the escalation of privileges within the system, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.
Conceptual Example Code
Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This pseudocode demonstrates a malicious SQL query injected into the system:
POST /TrendMicroPolicyServer/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
username=attacker' OR '1'='1'--&password=irrelevantIn this example, the attacker manipulates the ‘username’ field with a SQL injection payload that alters the SQL logic, bypassing the authentication mechanism. The ‘–‘ following the payload is a SQL comment that makes the rest of the query, including the password check, irrelevant.
Mitigation Guidance
Users are advised to apply the patch provided by Trend Micro as soon as possible. As a temporary mitigation, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can help prevent SQL injection attacks. Always ensure that software is up-to-date and follow the principle of least privilege when assigning system rights to reduce the impact of potential future vulnerabilities.
