Overview
In this blog post, we will be examining a critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-40691, that impacts the Online Fire Reporting System v1.2 by PHPGurukul. This vulnerability is a SQL Injection vulnerability, one of the most dangerous and common forms of web application vulnerability. The severity of this vulnerability is high, with a CVSS score of 9.8, indicating a serious threat to the integrity, availability, and confidentiality of the affected system.
The risk is particularly high for organizations using this system for reporting fires, as an attacker can manipulate, retrieve, or delete data from the system’s database. This could potentially lead to system compromise and data leakage, causing significant damage to the organization’s operations and reputation.
Vulnerability Summary
CVE ID: CVE-2025-40691
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage
Affected Products
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Product | Affected Versions
Online Fire Reporting System by PHPGurukul | v1.2
How the Exploit Works
The vulnerability exists due to insufficient sanitization of the ‘todate’ parameter in the ‘/ofrs/admin/bwdates-report-result.php’ endpoint. An attacker can manipulate the SQL query by injecting malicious SQL code into this parameter, which the system executes unknowingly. This allows the attacker to perform unauthorized operations such as retrieving, creating, updating, or deleting data in the database.
Conceptual Example Code
Below is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. The attacker sends a POST request with malicious SQL code in the ‘todate’ parameter:
POST /ofrs/admin/bwdates-report-result.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
todate=' OR '1'='1'; --In this example, the ‘todate’ parameter includes a SQL injection (‘ OR ‘1’=’1′; –). This will make the SQL query always true, enabling the attacker to bypass any conditions and potentially retrieve all data from the database.
Mitigation
The most effective way to mitigate this vulnerability is by applying the vendor-supplied patch. Until the patch can be applied, consider using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and prevent SQL Injection attacks. Additionally, ensure that your system follows secure coding practices, such as using parameterized queries or prepared statements, to prevent SQL Injection vulnerabilities.