Overview
In the cybersecurity landscape, vulnerabilities that allow arbitrary file uploads pose a significant risk to any system. One such vulnerability has been identified in Paymenter, a free and open-source webshop solution popular among hosting providers. This vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-58048, can lead to a system-wide compromise or leakage of sensitive data if exploited by a malicious authenticated user.
This issue is particularly concerning due to the potential for arbitrary system commands to be executed under the web server user context. Given the severity of this vulnerability, it is imperative that administrators who use Paymenter take immediate action to secure their systems.
Vulnerability Summary
CVE ID: CVE-2025-58048
Severity: Critical (9.9 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise or data leakage
Affected Products
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Product | Affected Versions
Paymenter | Prior to 1.2.11
How the Exploit Works
The vulnerability lies within the ticket attachments functionality of Paymenter. A malicious authenticated user can exploit this by uploading arbitrary files. This can result in sensitive data extraction from the database, credentials being read from configuration files, and arbitrary system commands being run under the web server user context. The breadth of file types that can be uploaded and the lack of appropriate file validation are the primary cause of this vulnerability.
Conceptual Example Code
Here’s a conceptual example of an HTTP request that a malicious user might use to exploit this vulnerability:
POST /upload/attachment HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-webshop.example.com
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
{ "file": "[Base64 encoded malicious payload]" }In this example, the malicious payload could be a script designed to extract data from the database or execute arbitrary system commands.
Recommended Mitigation
The vulnerability was patched with commit 87c3db4 and was released under the version 1.2.11 tag without any other code modifications compared to version 1.2.10. Administrators are strongly advised to upgrade to the patched version as soon as possible.
If upgrading is not immediately feasible, administrators can mitigate this vulnerability by updating the nginx configuration to download attachments instead of executing them or disallowing access to /storage/ entirely using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) such as Cloudflare.
In conclusion, the discovery and subsequent mitigation of CVE-2025-58048 underscores the importance of regular system updates and stringent security practices for protecting against cybersecurity threats.
