Overview
CVE-2025-49759 is a severe cybersecurity vulnerability that affects SQL Server. This vulnerability involves an SQL injection, which allows an authenticated attacker to potentially escalate their privileges over a network. With a CVSS Severity Score of 8.8, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to systems that use SQL Server.
This vulnerability is of particular concern for organizations that heavily rely on SQL Server for their database management as it could lead to system compromise or data leakage, thereby risking data integrity and confidentiality. Hence, understanding this vulnerability and applying appropriate mitigation measures is essential to protect your systems and data.
Vulnerability Summary
CVE ID: CVE-2025-49759
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low (Authenticated Access)
User Interaction: None
Impact: Privilege escalation and potential data leakage
Affected Products
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Product | Affected Versions
SQL Server | All versions prior to patch
How the Exploit Works
An attacker could exploit CVE-2025-49759 by submitting a crafted SQL command to the SQL Server. The vulnerability lies in the improper neutralization of special elements used in an SQL command (‘SQL Injection’).
Upon successful exploitation, the attacker could execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the SQL Server, potentially leading to privilege escalation over the network. This could compromise system integrity and also lead to unauthorized access to sensitive information, resulting in data leakage.
Conceptual Example Code
The conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited is provided below:
-- login with low privilege user
-- suppose the legitimate SQL command is:
SELECT * FROM Users WHERE Username = '' AND Password = ''
-- the attacker could craft the SQL command in the following way:
SELECT * FROM Users WHERE Username = 'admin' --' AND Password = ''In this case, the attacker attempts to log in as an ‘admin’ user without knowing the password. The part after the ‘–‘ is treated as a comment, effectively bypassing the password check. This simple example illustrates how an attacker could exploit an SQL injection vulnerability to gain unauthorized access or escalate privileges.
Mitigation Guidance
To mitigate this vulnerability, apply the vendor-provided patch as soon as possible. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, consider using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure. Furthermore, it is also recommended to enforce the principle of least privilege, ensuring that users have only the access they need, reducing the potential impact of this vulnerability.