Overview
The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has identified a significant vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-42951, that affects SAP Business One (SLD). This vulnerability stems from a broken authorization issue, enabling an authenticated attacker to gain administrator privileges to a database. As such, it presents a considerable risk to the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the application, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. Given its high impact, it is crucial to understand this vulnerability, apply the necessary mitigation strategies, and protect your systems effectively.
Vulnerability Summary
CVE ID: CVE-2025-42951
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS Severity Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: User level
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise, potential data leakage
Affected Products
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Product | Affected Versions
SAP Business One (SLD) | All versions prior to patch
How the Exploit Works
An attacker who has authenticated access to the SAP system can exploit this vulnerability by invoking the corresponding API, which is improperly secured due to the broken authorization issue. By doing so, they can elevate their privileges to the level of a database administrator. This allows them to manipulate the system, potentially leading to data leaks, system compromise, unauthorized alteration of data, or even denial of service.
Conceptual Example Code
Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited, using a malicious HTTP request:
POST /api/privilege/elevate HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Authorization: Bearer <attacker's token>
Content-Type: application/json
{
"role": "admin"
}In this example, the attacker sends a POST request to the ‘/api/privilege/elevate’ endpoint, asking the system to elevate their role to “admin”. Because of the broken authorization, the system fails to verify whether the user has the right to perform this action, thereby granting them admin privileges.
Mitigation Guidance
To mitigate this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the vendor-supplied patch as soon as it becomes available. This patch should correct the broken authorization issue and prevent unauthorized privilege escalation. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can help detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. Regularly review access logs to identify any suspicious activity and take appropriate action.