Overview
The CVE-2025-7206 is a critical vulnerability found in the D-Link DIR-825 2.10, a popular network device. This vulnerability, if exploited, can lead to a system compromise or data leakage. The issue lies within the function sub_410DDC of the file switch_language.cgi of the component httpd. It specifically affects the argument ‘Language’, leading to a stack-based buffer overflow. This vulnerability is particularly concerning as the exploit has been disclosed publicly and can be remotely initiated.
Vulnerability Summary
CVE ID: CVE-2025-7206
Severity: Critical (CVSS score 9.8)
Attack Vector: Remote network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage
Affected Products
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Product | Affected Versions
D-Link DIR-825 | 2.10
How the Exploit Works
The exploit works by manipulating the ‘Language’ argument of the function sub_410DDC in the file switch_language.cgi. This leads to a buffer overflow condition where the stack memory is overwritten. Once the attacker successfully overflows the buffer, they can execute arbitrary code in the context of the system. This can potentially lead to a complete system compromise or data leakage.
Conceptual Example Code
Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a pseudocode example of a malicious HTTP request:
POST /switch_language.cgi HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Language=AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA.......In this example, the ‘A’s represent an overly long string used to overflow the buffer. After the buffer is overflowed, an attacker could replace some of these ‘A’s with malicious code that would be executed in the context of the system.
Mitigation
The most effective way to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the patch provided by the vendor. However, as D-Link DIR-825 2.10 is no longer supported by the maintainer, users may need to seek other mitigation strategies. Using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These systems can detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. However, they are not a permanent solution and cannot completely eliminate the risk. Upgrading to a supported version or product is highly recommended.