Overview
The cybersecurity world has been alerted to a critical vulnerability labeled as CVE-2025-49455. This exploit is found within LoftOcean’s TinySalt software and involves a Deserialization of Untrusted Data issue. All versions of TinySalt up until 3.10.0 are affected, highlighting the severity and the widespread potential of this vulnerability.
Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerabilities are of significant concern because they can lead to severe consequences when successfully exploited, including system compromise and data leakage. As such, it’s crucial for businesses and individuals using the affected versions of TinySalt to understand the risks involved and take immediate steps to mitigate them.
Vulnerability Summary
CVE ID: CVE-2025-49455
Severity: Critical – CVSS 9.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage
Affected Products
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Product | Affected Versions
LoftOcean TinySalt | All versions before 3.10.0
How the Exploit Works
The vulnerability works by exploiting the process of deserialization within the LoftOcean TinySalt software. Deserialization is the reverse process of turning data from a byte stream back into its original data format. If an attacker can manipulate the data that is being deserialized, they can inject malicious code that the application will then execute.
In the case of CVE-2025-49455, the software does not adequately validate or sanitize the data before deserializing it. This allows an attacker to send specially crafted data to the application, leading to Object Injection.
Conceptual Example Code
Below is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. It involves sending a malicious JSON payload to a vulnerable endpoint within the application.
POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"serialized_object": "rO0ABXNyABdqYXZhLnV0aWwucHJlZnMuUHJlZmVyZW5jZXMAAAAAAAAAAAECAAJJAAVpAAV0AAhzdHJpbmd4cAAAAAD/////",
"signature": "..."
}In this example, `serialized_object` is a malicious serialized object that, when deserialized by the application, leads to the execution of unintended code.
To protect against this vulnerability, users are strongly advised to apply the latest vendor patches that fix this issue. If this is not immediately possible, implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation.