Overview
CVE-2025-41646 is a critical vulnerability, which allows an unauthorized remote attacker to bypass the authentication of the affected software package by exploiting an incorrect type conversion. This vulnerability can result in a full compromise of the device, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage. Given the severity of this vulnerability, it is of utmost importance for organizations running affected software packages to understand the risks and take immediate steps to mitigate.
The vulnerability has a CVSS Severity Score of 9.8, which makes it a top priority for cybersecurity professionals and system administrators. The high score reflects the ease with which an attacker can exploit this vulnerability and the potential damage it could cause.
Vulnerability Summary
CVE ID: CVE-2025-41646
Severity: Critical, CVSS score 9.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Full compromise of the system, potential data leakage
Affected Products
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Product | Affected Versions
Software Package A | Versions < 3.0.0 Software Package B | All versions How the Exploit Works
The exploit takes advantage of an incorrect type conversion in the authentication module of the affected software packages. By sending specially crafted data packets, an attacker can trick the system into incorrectly validating the data type. This in turn, allows the attacker to bypass the authentication process, gaining unauthorized access to the system. Once inside, the attacker has full control over the system and can perform a range of malicious activities, including data theft, data manipulation, or further propagation of malware.
Conceptual Example Code
Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This example demonstrates the type of HTTP request an attacker might send to exploit the vulnerability:
POST /login HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "username": "admin", "password": {"$type": "string", "$value": "any_value"} }In the code above, the attacker is attempting to login by sending a JSON payload where the password is an object instead of a string. The incorrect type conversion vulnerability could interpret this as a successful authentication, granting the attacker access.
Mitigation
The best way to mitigate this vulnerability is by applying the vendor-provided patch for the affected software packages. If a patch is not yet available or cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation by monitoring and blocking suspicious traffic.
In addition, it is recommended to regularly update all software packages and monitor for any unusual system behavior or unauthorized access attempts.