Overview
Critical vulnerabilities in widely deployed software like the Linux kernel can have far-reaching consequences, affecting numerous systems and devices globally. CVE-2025-22035 is one such vulnerability. It affects the tracing functionality in the Linux kernel, a key component that enables developers to troubleshoot system issues and application performance. The vulnerability could potentially allow an attacker to compromise systems and leak data, making it a serious threat that needs immediate attention.
The vulnerability has been rated as high severity (CVSS score of 7.8), signifying that its exploitation could have significant consequences. This blog post aims to provide a detailed breakdown of CVE-2025-22035, including its effects, how it can be exploited, and how to mitigate it.
Vulnerability Summary
CVE ID: CVE-2025-22035
Severity: High, CVSS score: 7.8
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage
Affected Products
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Product | Affected Versions
Linux Kernel | [Insert affected version]
How the Exploit Works
The vulnerability arises from a use-after-free (UAF) issue in the print_graph_function_flags() function within the Linux kernel’s tracing component. During ftrace stress testing, tracer switching only updates one of the two calls to print_graph_function_flags, leaving the second to use the print_line function of the old tracer.
When switching tracers, ‘iter->private’ is freed but not set to NULL, providing an opportunity for an invalid ‘iter->private’ to be used. This can lead to undefined behavior and potentially be exploited to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service.
Conceptual Example Code
Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is not actual exploit code, but a representation of the steps an attacker might take.
# Switch to the function_graph tracer
echo function_graph > current_tracer
# Start a background process that reads the trace
cat trace > /dev/null &
# Ensure the 'cat' reaches the 'mdelay(10)' point
sleep 5
# Switch to the 'timerlat' tracer, triggering the vulnerability
echo timerlat > current_tracerMitigation Guidance
The most effective mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the patch provided by the vendor. Users and administrators should update their Linux kernels to the latest patched version as soon as possible.
In the meantime, or in situations where immediate patching is not feasible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These can help detect and block attempts to exploit the vulnerability.
Understanding and addressing cybersecurity vulnerabilities like CVE-2025-22035 is crucial for maintaining the security and integrity of systems and data. Stay informed and proactive in your cybersecurity practices to protect your systems against potential threats.