Overview
The CVE-2025-41450 is a critical vulnerability that affects the Danfoss AK-SM 8xxA series. This vulnerability, discovered in the product line prior to version 4.2, arises from improper authentication. Due to this, unauthorized users could potentially gain access to the system, compromising data and system functionality. Given the broad use of the affected product in various industrial settings, this vulnerability poses a significant threat, potentially leading to substantial data loss or system compromise if not addressed promptly.
Vulnerability Summary
CVE ID: CVE-2025-41450
Severity: High, CVSS Score 8.2
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage
Affected Products
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Product | Affected Versions
Danfoss AK-SM 8xxA Series | Prior to version 4.2
How the Exploit Works
This exploit takes advantage of the improper authentication mechanism in the Danfoss AK-SM 8xxA series. An attacker can manipulate this vulnerability by sending specially crafted network packets to the targeted system. Because the system does not adequately verify the authenticity of the user, the attacker can gain unauthorized access. Once access is obtained, the attacker can manipulate the system, modify data or settings, or even extract sensitive information.
Conceptual Example Code
Here’s a
conceptual
example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using an HTTP request. The attacker sends a POST request to a vulnerable endpoint with a malicious payload:
POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "..." }This request, due to the improper authentication mechanism, is processed by the system, giving the attacker unauthorized access and control.
Mitigation and Remediation
The primary mitigation strategy for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch. Danfoss has released a patch for the AK-SM 8xxA series (version 4.2 and later) that fixes the improper authentication issue. All users of these products are advised to apply this patch as soon as possible.
In cases where immediate patching is not possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. These systems can monitor and block suspicious network traffic, preventing exploitation of the vulnerability. However, these are temporary solutions and upgrading to the patched version is highly recommended to completely resolve the vulnerability.