Overview
A critical vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-7549, has been identified in the Tenda FH1201 router firmware version 1.2.0.14(408). This vulnerability lies in the frmL7ProtForm function of the /goform/L7Prot file, and its manipulation can lead to a stack-based buffer overflow. This issue is of significant concern because it can potentially compromise the system and lead to data leakage.
This vulnerability is particularly alarming due to its potential to be exploited remotely, thereby posing a threat to anyone using the affected version of this firmware. The exploit has been publicly disclosed, increasing the likelihood of its use by malicious actors.
Vulnerability Summary
CVE ID: CVE-2025-7549
Severity: Critical (CVSS 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise, data leakage
Affected Products
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Product | Affected Versions
Tenda FH1201 | 1.2.0.14(408)
How the Exploit Works
The vulnerability revolves around the manipulation of the ‘page’ argument in the frmL7ProtForm function of the /goform/L7Prot file. By sending a specially crafted request, an attacker can trigger a stack-based buffer overflow. This overflow can lead to arbitrary code execution on the device, allowing the attacker to potentially take full control of the system.
Conceptual Example Code
Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. Please note that this is a hypothetical scenario for understanding purposes and not a real exploit code.
POST /goform/L7Prot HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-router-ip
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
page=1&malicious_payload=AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA...In this example, the ‘page’ parameter is followed by a long string of ‘A’s, which is longer than the buffer can handle. This would overwrite the stack, causing a buffer overflow that could potentially allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code.
Mitigation Guidance
The ideal solution to this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch when it becomes available. In the interim, users can use Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) to identify and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. Furthermore, it is recommended to restrict access to the affected router to trusted networks and users only.