CVE-2025-6486: Remote Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in TOTOLINK A3002R

Overview

Widely used in both homes and businesses, TOTOLINK A3002R routers have become a critical part of the digital infrastructure. However, a recently discovered vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-6486, has cast a shadow over their security. This flaw is deemed critical due to its potential for remote exploitation, with the attacker requiring no privileges or user interaction to compromise the system. This vulnerability, if left unaddressed, could lead to severe consequences, including data breaches and severe disruptions to services.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-6486
Severity: Critical (CVSS 8.8)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TOTOLINK A3002R | 1.1.1-B20200824.0128

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the function formWlanMultipleAP of the file /boafrm/formWlanMultipleAP in TOTOLINK A3002R version 1.1.1-B20200824.0128. It arises from improper handling of the ‘submit-url’ argument, leading to a stack-based buffer overflow. This allows an attacker to remotely execute arbitrary code on the target system without the need for any user interaction or privileges, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. The attacker sends a specially crafted HTTP POST request to the vulnerable endpoint, with a malicious payload in the ‘submit-url’ argument.

POST /boafrm/formWlanMultipleAP HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
submit-url=<malicious_payload>

In this scenario, `` is a carefully designed string that, when processed by the vulnerable function, triggers a buffer overflow, allowing the attacker to execute arbitrary code on the target system.
Please note that this is a simplified example for illustrative purposes and may not directly apply to the actual exploitation of this vulnerability. The actual exploit may require intricate knowledge of the target system’s configuration, memory layout, and other factors that are beyond the scope of this article.