CVE-2025-5788: Critical Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in TOTOLINK X15

Overview

A critical vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-5788, has been discovered in the TOTOLINK X15 1.0.0-B20230714.1105. This particular vulnerability affects an unknown function of the file /boafrm/formReflashClientTbl of the HTTP POST Request Handler component. It’s particularly concerning due to the severity of its potential impact-system compromise or data leakage-and the fact that it can be exploited remotely. Being publicly disclosed, the exploit is widely accessible, increasing the risk for users of the affected TOTOLINK X15 versions.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5788
Severity: Critical (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TOTOLINK X15 | 1.0.0-B20230714.1105

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from an incorrect handling of the ‘submit-url’ argument in the HTTP POST Request Handler. This improper handling leads to a buffer overflow condition. An attacker can send a specially crafted HTTP POST request with manipulated ‘submit-url’ argument. This causes the buffer to overflow, potentially allowing the attacker to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service, leading to a complete system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Given the nature of this vulnerability, an attacker might exploit it using an HTTP POST request that manipulates the ‘submit-url’ argument. A conceptual example might look something like this:

POST /boafrm/formReflashClientTbl HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
submit-url=<malicious_payload>

In this example, `` would be replaced with the attacker’s payload, designed to overflow the buffer and potentially gain control over the system.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are advised to apply the vendor-released patch as soon as possible. If this is not an option, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These systems can help detect and block malicious traffic that attempts to exploit this vulnerability.