Overview
A critical vulnerability has been identified in TOTOLINK X15 routers, specifically version 1.0.0-B20230714.1105. This vulnerability particularly affects the HTTP POST request handler, and it has the potential to compromise the system or leak sensitive data. Given that TOTOLINK routers are widely used, the risk magnitude is significant and could affect many users and businesses worldwide. It’s crucial to address this vulnerability to protect user data and maintain the integrity of networks.
Vulnerability Summary
CVE ID: CVE-2025-5787
Severity: Critical, CVSS Score 8.8
Attack Vector: Network (HTTP POST Request Handler)
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage
Affected Products
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Product | Affected Versions
TOTOLINK X15 | 1.0.0-B20230714.1105
How the Exploit Works
The vulnerability lies in the unknown functionality of the file /boafrm/formWsc of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. It occurs when an argument, specifically ‘submit-url,’ is manipulated, causing a buffer overflow. This overflow can potentially allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code on the system or even cause a system crash. The exploit can be launched remotely and does not require user interaction.
Conceptual Example Code
An example of how the vulnerability might be exploited is shown below. This is a hypothetical HTTP POST request that includes a malicious payload:
POST /boafrm/formWsc HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-router-ip
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
submit-url= malicious_payloadIn this example, the “submit-url” argument is manipulated with a malicious payload. This is where the buffer overflow occurs, leading to system compromise or potential data leakage.
Mitigation and Prevention
The immediate recommendation is to apply vendor patches as soon as they become available to close off this vulnerability. As a temporary mitigation, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can help detect and prevent exploitation attempts. However, these measures are interim and do not substitute patching the vulnerability. It is also recommended to limit access to the router’s management interface to trusted networks and hosts only.