Overview
A critical vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-5503, has been discovered in TOTOLINK X15 1.0.0-B20230714.1105. This flaw, which resides in the function formMapReboot of the file /boafrm/formMapReboot, affects a wide range of devices and exposes them to severe security risks. It is of significant concern due to its severity and the fact that it can be exploited remotely. The vulnerability’s public disclosure coupled with the vendor’s lack of response to the issue compounds the potential threat it poses.
Vulnerability Summary
CVE ID: CVE-2025-5503
Severity: Critical, CVSS Score 8.8
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential for system compromise and data leakage
Affected Products
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Product | Affected Versions
TOTOLINK X15 | 1.0.0-B20230714.1105
How the Exploit Works
The vulnerability occurs due to inadequate handling of the deviceMacAddr argument in the formMapReboot function. By manipulating this argument, an attacker can trigger a stack-based buffer overflow. This can lead to unauthorized execution of arbitrary code or denial of service due to system crash. Given that the attack can be performed remotely, the attacker does not need to have physical access to the device, making it a high-risk vulnerability.
Conceptual Example Code
Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited.
POST /boafrm/formMapReboot HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
deviceMacAddr=AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF%00[buffer overflow payload]In this example, the `deviceMacAddr` field is filled with a legitimate MAC address followed by a null byte `%00` and then a buffer overflow payload. This payload can be crafted to cause the system to execute arbitrary code, leading to a potential system compromise.
Mitigation and Recommendations
To mitigate the risks associated with this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the absence of a vendor patch, users can deploy Web Application Firewalls (WAF) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) as temporary mitigation measures. These systems can help detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. Additionally, users are advised to monitor their systems for any unusual activity or performance degradation, which might indicate an active exploitation attempt.