Overview
CVE-2025-54492 is a critical vulnerability that affects The Biosig Project libbiosig version 3.9.0 and the Master Branch (35a819fa). This vulnerability is a buffer overflow that potentially allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code, possibly leading to system compromise or data leakage. This security flaw matters because it could enable a malicious actor to disrupt the operations of affected systems or steal sensitive information, which could lead to significant business and reputation damage.
Vulnerability Summary
CVE ID: CVE-2025-54492
Severity: Critical (9.8)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage
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Product | Affected Versions
The Biosig Project libbiosig | 3.9.0, Master Branch (35a819fa)
How the Exploit Works
The vulnerability exists in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig. It occurs due to a stack-based buffer overflow on line 9141 of biosig.c when the Tag is 67. In this case, the address of the newly-defined integer `skew` is overflowed instead of `buf`. This means that a stack overflow can occur with much smaller values of `len` in this code path. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by providing a specially crafted MFER file that would cause the buffer overflow, leading to arbitrary code execution.
Conceptual Example Code
This conceptual example demonstrates how a malicious MFER file might be used to exploit the vulnerability:
$ nc target.example.com 1234 < malicious.mferIn this example, netcat (`nc`) is used to send a malicious MFER file to the vulnerable system over a network connection. The malicious file contains data crafted in such a way that it triggers the buffer overflow and allows arbitrary code execution.
Mitigation and Remediation
The best way to mitigate this vulnerability is by applying the vendor patch. In scenarios where immediate patching is not feasible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation by detecting and blocking attempts to exploit this vulnerability.
Ensure to continuously monitor the security advisories from The Biosig Project and perform regular security updates. It’s also recommended to follow the principle of least privilege and segment networks to limit the potential impact of a breach.