Overview
This blog post delves into the critical security vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-53192, which affects all versions of Apache Commons OGNL. This vulnerability, classified as an ‘Improper Neutralization of Expression/Command Delimiters’ issue, has significant implications as it can potentially cause system compromise or data leakage. Due to the severity of this vulnerability, it is essential for those using the Apache Commons OGNL to understand the risks involved and the steps required for mitigation.
Vulnerability Summary
CVE ID: CVE-2025-53192
Severity: Critical, CVSS Score 8.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage due to arbitrary code execution.
Affected Products
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Product | Affected Versions
Apache Commons OGNL | All versions
How the Exploit Works
The vulnerability resides in the OGNL engine of Apache Commons when using the API Ognl.getValue. Despite the OgnlRuntime’s effort to block certain dangerous classes and methods, the restrictions are not all-encompassing. Attackers can exploit this vulnerability by leveraging class objects not covered by the blocklist, allowing for arbitrary code execution. As the project is retired, no fix will be released; hence, users are advised to find alternatives or restrict access to trusted users only.
Conceptual Example Code
This conceptual example demonstrates how an attacker could exploit this vulnerability. The malicious payload is sent through a network request, which the vulnerable OGNL engine then interprets and executes potentially harmful commands.
POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "ognl.OgnlContext@DEFAULT_MEMBER_ACCESS=#rt=java.lang.Runtime@getRuntime(),#rt.exec('arbitrary-command')" }Recommended Mitigation
While there are no vendor-provided patches available due to the retirement of the project, it is recommended to apply a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) for temporary mitigation. Alternatively, users should consider migrating to a different, actively supported library that offers similar functionality as Apache Commons OGNL.