Overview
CVE-2025-5228 is a serious security vulnerability discovered in the D-Link DI-8100 up to version 20250523. The vulnerability is found in the function httpd_get_parm of the file /login.cgi, a component of jhttpd, and can lead to a critical stack-based buffer overflow. It is important to address this security flaw immediately as it has been disclosed to the public, increasing the risk of exploitation. Furthermore, the impact of a successful exploit can lead to system compromise or data leakage. Although the attack can only be initiated within the local network, it remains a significant threat to any business or individual using the affected D-Link product.
Vulnerability Summary
CVE ID: CVE-2025-5228
Severity: Critical – 8.8 CVSS
Attack Vector: Local network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage
Affected Products
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Product | Affected Versions
D-Link DI-8100 | up to 20250523
How the Exploit Works
The vulnerability stems from the improper handling of the ‘notify’ argument in the httpd_get_parm function of the file /login.cgi. This component, part of jhttpd, can be manipulated in a way that causes a stack-based buffer overflow. This overflow can lead to arbitrary code execution, potentially allowing an attacker to take control of the system or access sensitive data.
Conceptual Example Code
The following conceptual example demonstrates how an attacker could exploit this vulnerability. This is a theoretical HTTP request that might be used to trigger the buffer overflow:
POST /login.cgi HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.1.1
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
notify=%sIn this example, `%s` represents an excessively long string designed to overflow the buffer. Note that this is a simplified example and actual exploitation may require more complex payloads.
Mitigation Guidance
Users of the affected D-Link products are urged to apply the vendor-provided patch as soon as possible to mitigate this vulnerability. In case the patch cannot be immediately applied, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure, although these are not foolproof solutions. It is vital to stay informed of updates from the vendor and apply patches promptly to ensure the highest level of protection for your systems.