Overview
CVE-2025-48540 is a potential security vulnerability that could expose systems to local privilege escalation due to a logic error in RpcState.cpp. This issue affects multiple versions of software using the RpcState.cpp implementation. It’s a critical issue because it could potentially allow attackers to compromise the system or leak data, without the need for any additional execution privileges or user interaction.
Vulnerability Summary
CVE ID: CVE-2025-48540
Severity: High (7.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Not needed
Impact: System compromise, potential data leakage
Affected Products
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Product | Affected Versions
[Software A] | [Version 1.0 to 2.5]
[Software B] | [Version 3.0 to 4.1]
How the Exploit Works
Due to a logic error in the processTransactInternal function of RpcState.cpp, an attacker may write to memory outside the intended boundary. This out-of-bounds write can lead to unauthorized memory modification, potentially allowing an attacker to escalate privileges on the local system without additional execution rights.
Conceptual Example Code
Here’s a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. This pseudocode represents the logic error in the RpcState.cpp file that could be used for a malicious operation:
int processTransactInternal(int dataSize, char* data) {
char buffer[100];
if (dataSize > 100) {
// Logic error: Writes to the buffer without checking the size
memcpy(buffer, data, dataSize);
}
// ... other code ...
}A malicious user could provide a data size greater than the buffer size, causing a buffer overflow and potentially leading to local privilege escalation.
Mitigation
Users are advised to apply vendor patches as soon as they are available. In the meantime, the use of Web Application Firewalls (WAF) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation while waiting for the patch.
