Overview
CVE-2025-48466 is a severe cybersecurity vulnerability that, if exploited, could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to manipulate Digital Outputs within systems. This is achieved through the sending of Modbus TCP packets which, in turn, permits the remote control of relay channels. This vulnerability presents an alarming risk to operational and safety protocols, as it potentially opens the door to system compromise or data leakage. It is essential for organizations that utilize systems susceptible to this vulnerability to understand the nature of the potential attack and to apply the correct mitigation measures.
Vulnerability Summary
CVE ID: CVE-2025-48466
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.1)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage
Affected Products
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Product | Affected Versions
[Product A] | [Version 1.0, 1.1, 1.2]
[Product B] | [Version 2.0, 2.1, 2.2]
How the Exploit Works
The exploit works by an attacker sending Modbus TCP packets to manipulate Digital Outputs in the targeted system. These packets can alter the state of the Digital Outputs, which in turn can control relay channels. An attacker could potentially control these channels to a degree that may lead to operational or safety risks. Given that this attack does not require authentication or any user interaction, it is particularly dangerous and can be executed remotely over a network.
Conceptual Example Code
Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This example is a pseudocode representation of sending a malicious Modbus TCP packet:
import modbus_tcp
# Create a new Modbus TCP packet
packet = modbus_tcp.ModbusPacket()
# Set the Modbus function code to write to a single coil
packet.function_code = modbus_tcp.FunctionCode.WRITE_SINGLE_COIL
# Set the coil address and value to manipulate the Digital Output
packet.coil_address = 0x0001
packet.coil_value = 0xFF00
# Send the packet to the target system
modbus_tcp.send_packet("target.example.com", packet)Please note, the above example is purely conceptual and does not represent a real-world exploit. It’s purpose is to demonstrate the nature of the vulnerability.