Overview
The critical vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-4841 is a severe risk that affects the D-Link DCS-932L 2.18.01. It is a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability that could be remotely exploited leading to potential system compromise or data leakage. This vulnerability is especially concerning as it resides in products no longer supported by the manufacturer, making them particularly vulnerable with no vendor-based patches forthcoming. The severity of this issue underlies the importance of maintaining up-to-date hardware and software to ensure system security.
Vulnerability Summary
CVE ID: CVE-2025-4841
Severity: Critical (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: No user interaction required
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage
Affected Products
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Product | Affected Versions
D-Link DCS-932L | 2.18.01
How the Exploit Works
The vulnerability resides in the function sub_404780 of the file /bin/gpio. It can be exploited by manipulating the CameraName argument, triggering a stack-based buffer overflow. This type of overflow occurs when more data is written into a buffer than it can handle, consequently overwriting adjacent memory locations. In this case, it could lead to arbitrary code execution, granting an attacker the ability to compromise the system or leak data.
Conceptual Example Code
Here is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:
POST /cgi-bin/gpio HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable_device_ip
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
CameraName=AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA... [continued until buffer overflow is triggered]Note: The ‘A’s represent arbitrary data exceeding the buffer’s capacity, leading to overflow.
Mitigation Guidance
As the vendor no longer supports the affected product, a vendor patch is not available. As a temporary mitigation measure, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used to monitor and block suspicious activities. It is also recommended to replace unsupported hardware with updated versions that receive regular security updates from the vendor.